Before Hegemony. Adam Smith, American Independence, and the Origins of the First Era of Globalization
|
|
- Richard Knight
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Before Hegemony Adam Smith, American Independence, and the Origins of the First Era of Globalization James A Morrison 25 March
2 Death of the Earl of Chatham By JS Copley [1778] à I argue that that the origins of the first era of globalization are found here in Parliament s convulsions over the American Revolution 2
3 Before Hegemony I. The Puzzle: The Origins of the First Era of Globalization II. The Materialists Explanation III. Smith caused Shelburne s Crucial Conversion IV. Conclusion: Free Trade Before Hegemony 3
4 Before Hegemony I. The Puzzle: The Origins of the First Era of Globalization II. The Materialists Explanation III. Smith caused Shelburne s Crucial Conversion IV. Conclusion: Free Trade Before Hegemony 4
5 Two Eras of Globalization???? 1914 and Present 5
6 It s rather clear that the first era came to an end with the start of the First World War (in 1914). But when, precisely, did it begin? 6
7 The textbook story 7
8 Grieco & Ikenberry 2003 In the mid-nineteenth century, the world entered the first age of globalization Behind the scenes stood the United Kingdom, preeminent in manufacturing, finance, and naval power. The United Kingdom championed free trade throughout the Victorian era, beginning with the celebrated repeal of its protectionist Corn Laws in
9 The timing of Britain s shift has a crucial bearing on our understanding of its causes 9
10 Ideas did not Matter The classical ideas alone were not the cause of the eras global economic openness. After all, arguments against government intervention in crossborder trade and investment are very old Yet it was not until 1846 that the British Parliament repealed the country s major agricultural tariffs, the Corn Laws The heyday of European free trade came a hundred years after [Adam] Smith had demonstrated its desirability. Jeff Frieden
11 Interests & Institutions The defeat of mercantilism required a major reform of British political institutions Powerful people defending their interests drove the opening of country after country to the world economy. Jeff Frieden
12 It might be true that openness was not achieved until well into the 19 th Century. BUT This is not to say that Britain did not begin pursuing openness long before she fully achieved it. 12
13 Indeed Economic historians generally agree that Britain actually began experimenting with free trade in the 1780s!! 13
14 So... How do we explain that shift? 14
15 Before Hegemony I. The Puzzle: The Origins of the First Era of Globalization II. The Materialists Explanation III. Smith caused Shelburne s Crucial Conversion IV. Conclusion: Free Trade Before Hegemony 15
16 Virtually every treatment in the last 90 years suggests that Britain's reforms depended on material variables: power, interests, and institutions. 16
17 While these accounts vary in their emphases, they can be synthesized into a single narrative to explain Britain's abrupt shift in the 1780s... 17
18 For centuries, England's merchants and manufacturers promoted the "mercantile system" to protect them from foreign competition and generate colonial demand for their goods & services... The Custom House (London) 18
19 By the late 18th Century, however... maintaining control over the colonies had become quite costly... and British industry & trade were finally competitive abroad. Washington Crossing the Delaware (1776) 19
20 When military defeat at Yorktown (1781) made American independence "inevitable," British policymakers reconsidered their commercial policy. Cornwallis' Surrender at Yorktown (1781) 20
21 When policymakers discovered the fit between their policies and those prescribed by Adam Smith, they retroactively anointed him the intellectual Adam Smith force behind their movement. 21
22 In these accounts, Smith's ideas were not embraced because he was held in high regard. Instead, Adam Smith became famous because his ideas fit with the reforms dictated by material circumstances. 22
23 à I will challenge that consensus. 23
24 Before Hegemony I. The Puzzle: The Origins of the First Era of Globalization II. The Materialists Explanation III. Smith caused Shelburne s Crucial Conversion IV. Conclusion: Free Trade Before Hegemony 24
25 III. Smith caused Shelburne's Crucial Conversion 1. Shelburne's pivotal importance 2. Shelburne, the mercantilist 3. Shelburne's conversion 4. Shelburne enshrines laissez-faire 25
26 Backed by the King... Lord North's Tory Government committed to subjugating the rebels. King George III Lord North 26
27 Edmund Burke Charles James Fox Led by Rockingham, most Whigs preferred to wash their hands of the Americans and focus on their domestic agenda. Rockingham 27
28 Following Chatham s death (1778), Shelburne inherited a small but loyal faction of Whigs. Shelburne 28
29 Parliamentary Coalitions Rockingham's Whigs (Pro-Independence) North's Tories (Anti-Independence) Shelburne's Whigs (Loyal to Shelburne) Fair-weather Moderates (Depends on the War) 29
30 Shelburne, however, was initially the most outspoken advocate of mercantilism Shelburne 30
31 III. Smith caused Shelburne's Crucial Conversion 1. Shelburne's pivotal importance 2. Shelburne, the mercantilist 3. Shelburne's conversion 4. Shelburne enshrines laissez-faire 31
32 Shelburne & Smith 1760s: Smith began visiting Shelburne regularly 1767: Smith worked for Shelburne following Stamp Act Crisis 1776: Smith published Wealth of Nations Shelburne read Wealth of Nations "with avidity," received each new edition 32
33 The Wealth of Nations Smith: my very violent attack upon the whole commercial system of Great Britain. Main thrust: laissez-faire Colonial trade management promotes resentment and rebellion Free trade à interdependence à peace Explicitly applied to American Revolution 33
34 I f t h e A m e r i c a n c o l o n i e s w e r e g ra n t e d independence... "Great Britain would not only be immediately freed from the whole annual expence of the[ir] peace establishment...but might settle with them...a treaty of commerce as would effectually secure to her a free trade, more advantageous to the great body of the people, though less so to the merchants, than the monopoly which she at present enjoys..." Wealth of Nations
35 "By thus parting good friends, the natural affection of the c o l o n i e s t o t h e m o t h e r country would quickly revive. It might dispose them not only to respect that treaty of commerce...but to favour us in war as well as in trade, and, i n s t e a d o f t u r b u l e n t a n d factious subjects, to become our most faithful, affectionate, and generous allies." Wealth of Nations
36 Shelburne built upon Smith's insights. But he directly contradicted Smith's conclusions! 36
37 Speech to the Lords Mar 1778 Under laissez-faire, "Trade and commerce between independent States of different interests, would not be restrained; they would...fall into their natural channels, in spite of every attempt to give them artificial direction. Trade laws were of quite a different nature; they were solemn compacts, in which the interests of the contracting parties were reciprocal...such were the connections between all states and their colonies." 37
38 Speech to the Lords Mar 1778 "[M]uch might be hoped from the inclinations of people, having the same religion, the same language, the same relations, and interwoven i n t e r e s t s w i t h u s... [ I ] t was extremely probable, that, independent of their attachment to the parent state they would plainly perceive, that a connection with this country would be the best means of advancing the interest of their own." 38
39 This bloody war is pointless! We can get everything we need--without the hassle--by just trading freely with the Americans and everyone else! Adam Smith Are you insane!?! Trade management binds the colonies to us. Besides, as you say, our cultural ties ensure that keeping them in the empire is not as bloody as you suggest. Earl of Shelburne 39
40 III. Smith caused Shelburne's Crucial Conversion 1. Shelburne's pivotal importance 2. Shelburne, the mercantilist 3. Shelburne's conversion 4. Shelburne enshrines laissez-faire 40
41 In the spring of 1779, the Irish rejected British mercantilism. The Dublin Volunteers on College Green, 4th November, 1779 (Francis Wheatley) 41
42 Shelburne realized that the burgeoning Irish rebellion was just what Smith had predicted about mercantilism. In the autumn of 1779 even as Britain's military fortunes improved the Earl of Shelburne surrendered to the logic of laissezfaire liberalism. 42
43 Speech to the Lords December 1779 For the first time, Shelburne celebrated "the general advantages arising from an open and unrestrained trade." Rather than cultivating dependence through commercial regulation, "real unanimity, grounded upon mutual confidence and affection, is confessedly essential to the preservation of what is left of the British empire." 43
44 Shelburne united the Whigs. To swing the moderates, however, the Shelburne- Rockingham coalition needed to capitalize on a military setback. This political ammunition came with the loss at Yorktown in the fall of
45 III. Smith caused Shelburne's Crucial Conversion 1. Shelburne's pivotal importance 2. Shelburne, the mercantilist 3. Shelburne's conversion 4. Shelburne enshrines laissez-faire 45
46 Shelburne wholly dedicated his government to remaking the international order in the image of Adam Smith's laissez-faire liberalism. 46
47 Correspondence 1783 In the Paris peace negotiations, Shelburne explicitly sought "the destruction of commercial monopoly." "[I]n the treaties of peace, the great principle of free trade...inspires them from beginning to end." 47
48 Speech to the Lords December 1782 In London, Shelburne extolled the "liberal" reforms of Irish trade and commerce. He proposed to Parliament "a revision of the whole trading system, upon the same comprehensive principles." 48
49 Shelburne's Legacy Colonial Reform American independence! Americans granted most of their old colonial privileges Irish liberalization New approach to adversaries Commercial negotiations with ten countries Revolutionary agreement with France (1786). Tariffs lowered: 75% à 10-15% 19th C reformers followed Shelburne's example James Montgomery Flagg 49
50 Correspondence 1795 "I owe to a journey I made [in 1761] with Mr. Smith the difference between light and darkness The novelty of his principles made me unable to comprehend them at the time, but he urged them with so much eloquence, that they took a certain hold which, though it did not arrive at full conviction for some few years after, I can truly say has constituted ever since the happiness of my life." 50
51 Before Hegemony I. The Puzzle: The Origins of the First Era of Globalization II. The Materialists Explanation III. Smith caused Shelburne s Crucial Conversion IV. Conclusion: Free Trade Before Hegemony 51
52 I have argued that Britain's radical reforms in the 1780s including the grant of independence to the Americans depended on a factor that has been completely overlooked by previous scholars... The influence of Adam Smith's ideas on a pivotal policymaker, the Earl of Shelburne. 52
53 Neptune Resigning to Britannia the Empire of the Sea William Dyce (1847) Thank you! 53
1- England Became Great Britain in the early 1700s. 2- Economic relationships Great Britain imposed strict control over trade.
1- England Became Great Britain in the early 1700s 2- Economic relationships Great Britain imposed strict control over trade. Great Britain taxed the colonies after the French and Indian War Colonies traded
More informationAMERICAN REVOLUTION STUDY GUIDE
RW Name: Period: Date: AMERICAN REVOLUTION STUDY GUIDE Directions: Sort the list of phrases into the correct categories in the chart below. To help finance the French and Indian War Colonists opposed taxes
More informationLECTURE 3-2: THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
LECTURE 3-2: THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION British attempts to assert tighter control over its North American colonies and the colonial resolve to pursue self-government led to a colonial independence movement
More informationCHAPTER 7 THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION,
CHAPTER 7 THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION, 1763 1775 1. Introduction to the Revolutionary Period (pp. 122 123) In the introductory section, the authors state that Americans were reluctant revolutionaries, but that
More informationCauses of the American Revolution. The American Revolution
1 Causes of the American Revolution The American Revolution The American Colonists developed 2 A strong sense of autonomy from 1607-1763 a strong sense of self government a different understanding of key
More informationTEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The American Revolution and the Constitution
The American Revolution and the Constitution Objectives Describe characteristics of Britain and its 13 American colonies in the mid-1700s. Outline the events that led to the American Revolution. Summarize
More informationPlease update your table of contents. Unit 9:
Please update your table of contents. Unit 9: Enlightenment & Revolution World History New rule about grades: students will no longer be given grades on classwork/folders. You will only be assessed by
More informationAmerican Revolution Study Guide
Events that Led to War French and Indian War Stamp Act Boston Massacre Sugar Act Townshend Acts Boston Tea Party Quartering Act Intolerable Acts boycott on British tea Important People Sons of Liberty
More informationSTANDARD VUS.4c THE POLITICAL DIFFERENCES AMONG THE COLONISTS CONCERNING SEPARATION FROM BRITAIN
STANDARD VUS.4c THE POLITICAL DIFFERENCES AMONG THE COLONISTS CONCERNING SEPARATION FROM BRITAIN The ideas of the Enlightenment and the perceived unfairness of British policies provoked debate and resistance
More information4: TELESCOPING THE TIMES
The Americans (Survey) Chapter 4: TELESCOPING THE TIMES The War for Independence CHAPTER OVERVIEW The colonists clashes with the British government lead them to declare independence. With French aid, they
More informationAMERICAN REVOLUTION. U.S. History Chapter 4
AMERICAN REVOLUTION U.S. History Chapter 4 The primary cause of economic differences among the colonies in North America was geography. Longer growing season in the South led to an agriculture-based economy.
More informationThe American Revolution
Main Idea The American Revolution Enlightenment ideas led to revolution, independence, and a new government for the United States. Content Statement 6/Learning Goal Describe how Enlightenment thinkers
More informationThe American Revolution & Confederation. The Birth of the United States
The American Revolution & Confederation The Birth of the United States 1774-1787 Essential Question Evaluate the extent to which the Revolution fundamentally changed American society. The First Continental
More informationPlan of Instruction Activity Description of Activities/Setting Purpose (Rationale) Pre-Lesson (Prior Knowledge & Content)
The American Revolution Unit 4: Era of Revolutions 4 days Learning Target Objective(s) Students will be able to explain the global effects of the American Revolution Lesson Essential Question What were
More informationU.S. HISTORY I FLASHCARDS and DEFINITIONS
U.S. HISTORY I FLASHCARDS and DEFINITIONS As of November 16, 2015 UNIT 1: The Road towards Revolution District Vocabulary List #1 (Items 1 through 10) 1. ECONOMIC relating to money and resources of a country
More informationThe Early Days of the Revolution. AHI Unit 1 Part C
The Early Days of the Revolution AHI Unit 1 Part C Breed s Hill or Bunker Hill? Following the Battles of Lexington & Concord, the British reinforced their position in Boston and brought in additional troops
More informationA. True or False Where the statement is true, mark T. Where it is false, mark F, and correct it in the space immediately below.
AP European History Mr. Mercado (Rev. 09) Chapter 23 Ideologies and Upheavals, 1815-1850 Name A. True or False Where the statement is true, mark T. Where it is false, mark F, and correct it in the space
More informationMaking War and Republican Governments
Chapter 6 Making War and Republican Governments British Strengths British Strengths Colonial Strengths Numbers 11 million British 2.5 million colonists Wealth Military Power Colonial Strengths British
More informationStamp Act Box (commemorates the repeal in 1766) Picture taken 8/1/2005 (MB) National Archives, Washington, DC
Revolutionary America AP United States History Mr. Broach First created 2004-20052005 / modified 2007-20082008 New France in North America Settlement of New France French fur trappers spread out across
More informationChapter 5. Decision. Toward Independence: Years of
Chapter 5 Toward Independence: Years of Decision 1763-1820 Imperial Reform, 1763-1765 The Great War for Empire 1754-1763 led to England replacing salutary neglect with. Why? The Legacy of War Disputes
More informationThe colonists formed the Continental Congress to act as a government during the American Revolution.
Ch. 2 Sec. 2 The colonists formed the Continental Congress to act as a government during the American Revolution. Massachusetts Defies Britain (cont.) To intercept smugglers, the British sent customs ships
More informationAPUSH. PowerPoint #3.3 (Part 2 of 2) Unit #3 Revolution & Republican Culture. Chapters 5-7 BFW Textbook. TOPIC 6 - The American Revolution
APUSH PowerPoint #3.3 (Part 2 of 2) Unit #3 Revolution & Republican Culture Chapters 5-7 BFW Textbook TOPIC 6 - The American Revolution C. The War in 1778 British Concessions Clinton Replaces Howe Result
More informationChapter 4. The American Revolution
Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1 Raising Taxes Sugar Act- The first tax passed specifically to raise money in the colonies, rather than regulate trade. To crack down on smugglers Help pay for French
More informationSalutary Neglect. The character of the colonists was of a consistent pattern and it persisted along with the colonists.
Salutary Neglect Salutary Neglect was a phase used by Edmund Burke a conservative political philosopher and leader in England. What he understood, King George and his ministers did not, was that the American
More informationGuided Reading & Analysis: Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest Chapter 4- Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest, pp 68-84
MUST BE COMPLETED IN INK! Name: Class Period: Due Date: / / Guided Reading & Analysis: Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest Chapter 4- Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest, pp 68-84 Reading Assignment: Ch.
More informationInternational Political Economy
Quiz #3 Which theory predicts a state will export goods that make intensive use of the resources they have in abundance?: a.) Stolper-Samuelson, b.) Ricardo-Viner, c.) Heckscher-Olin, d.) Watson-Crick.
More informationYEAR EVENT/ISSUE IMPACT COLONIAL /BRTITISH RESPONSE
The Road to the American Revolutionary War YEAR EVENT/ISSUE IMPACT COLONIAL /BRTITISH RESPONSE 1763 Proclamation Line Cut Off Western Land Negative Obstacle to Westward Expansion and Economic opportunity
More informationWorld History, February 16
World History, February 16 Entry Task: (next slide) Announcements: - If you can find your notes from Thursday, please take those out (you do not need to turn these in, FYI). We ll add pros and cons to
More informationStudent Study Guide for the American Pageant Chapter 8 America Secedes from the Empire CHAPTER SUMMARY GLOSSARY - mercenary - indictment -
CHAPTER SUMMARY Even after Lexington and Concord, the Second Continental Congress did not at first pursue independence. The Congress s most important action was selecting George Washington as military
More informationStudy Guide for Test representative government system of government in which voters elect representatives to make laws for them
Study Guide for Test 4 1. In general, who could vote in the English colonies? Free men, over 21 years old, who owned a certain amount of land. Sometimes had to be church members. 2. representative government
More informationBRITISH PoLITICS AND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
BRITISH PoLITICS AND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION British History in Perspective General Editor: Jeremy Black PUBLISHED TITLES C. J. Bartlett British Foreign Policy in the Twentieth Century Jeremy Black Robert
More informationAP Euro Free Response Questions
AP Euro Free Response Questions Late Middle Ages to the Renaissance 2004 (#5): Analyze the influence of humanism on the visual arts in the Italian Renaissance. Use at least THREE specific works to support
More informationExplore how English traditions influenced the development of colonial governments.
Objectives Explore how English traditions influenced the development of colonial governments. Analyze the economic relationship between England and its colonies. Describe the influence of the Enlightenment
More informationStudy Guide: Sunshine State Standards
å È É Ê Ë Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Í É Î Ë Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ï Ð É Ñ Ñ Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Study Guide: Chapter
More informationUnit # 2: The American Revolution 10 Instructional Days
Unit Plan: HIST 201 Unit # 2: The American Revolution 10 Instructional Days Unit Overview Big Idea: The American Revolution occurred because the American colonists, who had long been developing a strong
More informationAn Improbable French Leader in America By ReadWorks
An Improbable French Leader in America An Improbable French Leader in America By ReadWorks The Marquis de Lafayette was an improbable leader in the American Revolutionary War. Born into the French aristocracy
More informationSTAAR Review Student Cards. Part 1
STAAR Review Student Cards Part 1 Eras of U.S. Timeline Exploration Age of Exploration: Time period in which Europeans explored in search for Gold, Glory, and God Northwest Passage: Reason Gold Explanation
More informationECON Financial History John Lovett
Study Questions for Neal, Larry (2000). How it all began: the monetary and financial architecture of Europe during the first global financial capital markets. Financial History Review. 117-140. 1. When
More informationClassical Political Economy. Week 2 University i of Wollongong
Classical Political Economy Political Economy in the New Millennium Week 2 University i of Wollongong Agenda What is political economy? Before classical l political l economy Mercantilism The Physiocrats
More informationREVOLUTIONS UNIT TEST
REVOLUTIONS UNIT TEST QUESTIONS 1-2 REFER TO THE TIMELINE ABOVE. 1. Which conclusion is best supported by the timeline? a) Britain eventually granted representation to the colonies in Parliament. b) Only
More informationComplete the warm-up about Jefferson s quote
Complete the warm-up about Jefferson s quote The 13 Colonies America: 13 colonies ruled by Great Britain (England) 1620-1783 European settlement initiated by Puritans & people seeking economic opportunities
More informationGuided Reading & Analysis: Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest Chapter 4- Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest, pp 68-84
IT MUST BE PRINTED AND COMPLETED IN INK! Name: Class Period: Due Date: / / Guided Reading & Analysis: Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest Chapter 4- Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest, pp 68-84 Reading
More informationERA 7 - Revolutions & Empire
ERA 7 - Revolutions & Empire ERA 7 Exam Jeopardy Review Game The Age of Absolutism Enlightenment & Revolutions The Industrial Revolution Economic Systems The Age of Imperialism $100 $200 $300 $400 $500
More informationTeddington School Sixth Form
Teddington School Sixth Form A-Level AQA Advanced GCE in History Key Course Materials September 2018 Advanced Level History Exam Board - AQA Course Title / Size & Structure /Summary Purpose Pearson Edexcel
More informationConstitutional Convention Unit Notes
Constitutional Convention Unit Notes Civics Textbook: Government and Society - Text p. 5 Cue four reasons why society needs a government Notes 1. Law and Order Government makes laws to protect citizens
More information11/29/2010 [ ] 1776]
You have 15 Minutes from the time the Bell Rings. The Shot Heard Round the World January 1775, actions of First Continental Congress led British government to use force to control colonies April, British
More informationThe British Parliament
Chapter 1 The Act of Union Ireland had had its own parliament and government in the 1780s but after the Act of Union 1800 Irish Members of Parliament had to travel to London and sit in Westminster with
More informationAdam Smith and Government Intervention in the Economy Sima Siami-Namini Graduate Research Assistant and Ph.D. Student Texas Tech University
Review of the Wealth of Nations Adam Smith and Government Intervention in the Economy Sima Siami-Namini Graduate Research Assistant and Ph.D. Student Texas Tech University May 14, 2015 Abstract The main
More informationGuided Reading & Analysis: Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest Chapter 4- Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest, pp 68-84
1 Name: Class Period: Due Date: / / Guided Reading & Analysis: Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest Chapter 4- Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest, pp 68-84 Reading Assignment: Ch. 4 AMSCO or other resource
More informationFull file at
Test Questions Multiple Choice Chapter Two Constitutional Democracy: Promoting Liberty and Self-Government 1. The idea that government should be restricted in its lawful uses of power and hence in its
More informationWednesday, January 25 th
Economic Conflicts 1 Wednesday, January 25 th Draft of Essay 1 due in labs next week Post electronic version online at Turn-It-In on Blackboard prior to lab. Submit two hard copies at the beginning of
More informationBACKGROUND Historically speaking, . There is NO. * brought to America *Native American depopulated due to
BACKGROUND Historically speaking,. There is NO. COLONIZATION Impact *Columbus Claims New World for * established * English Colonies Created * brought to America *Native American depopulated due to Motive
More informationAmerican Revolution Unit Packet
American Revolution Unit Packet Name Period Learning Goals and Scales 0 Learning Goal 5: Students will be able to explain the events which led to the start of the American Revolution. - Tea Act (Boston
More informationEarly US History Part 1. Your Notes. Goal 9/5/2012. How did the United States became a country?
Questions / Themes 9/5/2012 Early US History Part 1 How did the United States became a country? Your Notes You will need these notes to prepare for exams. Remember to paraphrase and generalize. Avoid copying
More informationThe American Revolution: From Elite Protest to Popular Revolt,
The American Revolution: From Elite Protest to Popular Revolt, 1763 1783 Breakdown of Political Trust Seven Years War left colonists optimistic about future Most important consequence of Seven Years War
More informationStarter Feb. 15th and 16th
Unit 3 Revolutions Day 1 Starter Feb. 15th and 16th In your own words, what is the definition of a revolution? What must happen in order for a revolution to occur? TYPES OF REVOLUTIONS AMERICAN FRENCH
More informationChapter 7 The First Republic,
Chapter Summary Chapter 7 The First Republic, 1776 1789 Chapter 7 explores the early American efforts to create a national government. Topics covered in this chapter include an examination of the political
More informationStudy Questions for our Europe s Political Revolutions Reading
Study Questions for our Europe s Political Revolutions Reading Readings: Stavriano s A Global History (1999), chapter 27, Europe s Political Revolutions. 1 2. All political spectrums are a simplification
More informationThe Origins and Functions of Political Parties
Article The Origins and Functions of Political Parties An encyclopedic article from Grolier Online and The New Book of Knowledge A political party is a group of voters organized to support certain public
More informationVolume 20 Number 018 America s Revolution (46) British Constitutional Debate II. Intro: A Moment in Time with Dan Roberts
Volume 20 Number 018 America s Revolution (46) British Constitutional Debate II Lead: In the 1700s the United States broke from England. No colony in history had done that before. This series examines
More informationThe Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation 1781-1789 The United States was the first nation in modern times to have a government designed and run according to democratic principles. During the Revolutionary War the
More informationThe American Revolution: Political Upheaval Led to U.S. Independence
The American Revolution: Political Upheaval Led to U.S. Independence By History.com, adapted by Newsela staff on 05.12.17 Word Count 740 Level 800L Continental Army Commander-in-Chief George Washington
More informationMARKING PERIOD 1. Shamokin Area 7 th Grade American History I Common Core I. UNIT 1: THREE WORLDS MEET. Assessments Formative/Performan ce
Shamokin Area 7 th Grade American History I Common Core Marking Period Content Targets Common Core Standards Objectives Assessments Formative/Performan ce MARKING PERIOD 1 I. UNIT 1: THREE WORLDS MEET
More informationScientific Revolution. 17 th Century Thinkers. John Locke 7/10/2009
1 Scientific Revolution 17 th Century Thinkers John Locke Enlightenment an intellectual movement in 18 th Century Europe which promote free-thinking, individualism Dealt with areas such as government,
More informationAmerican Revolution Unit Packet. Name Period
American Revolution Unit Packet Name Period 0 Learning Goals and Scales Learning Goal 5: Students will be able to explain the events which led to the start of the American Revolution. - Tea Act (Boston
More informationMagruder s American Government
Presentation Pro Magruder s American Government C H A P T E R 2 Origins of American Government 2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc. C H A P T E R 2 Origins of American Government SECTION 1 Our Political Beginnings
More informationOrigins of American Government. Chapter 2
Origins of American Government Chapter 2 Section 1 Essential Questions 1) What two principles of government came from the English heritage of the colonists? 2) What documents from England influenced the
More informationClash of Philosophies: 11/10/2010
1. Notebook Entry: Nationalism Vocabulary 2. What does nationalism look like? EQ: What role did Nationalism play in 19 th century political development? Common Language, Romanticism, We vs. They, Irrational
More informationTriangular Trade. Colonial Opposition to the Crown. Mother Country
Colonial Opposition to the Crown Overview: During the early 1700 s the British (English) Colonies in North America were simply a market place for the mother country; this economy is known as mercantilism.
More informationThe Enlightenment & Democratic Revolutions. Enlightenment Ideas help bring about the American & French Revolutions
The Enlightenment & Democratic Revolutions Enlightenment Ideas help bring about the American & French Revolutions Before 1500, scholars generally decided what was true or false by referring to an ancient
More informationHISTORY & GEOGRAPHY 1102 DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT
HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY 1102 DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT CONTENTS I. RELATIONS WITH ENGLAND... 2 Trade Regulations... 3 French and Indian War... 6 Colonial Resistance... 12 II. THE REVOLUTIONARY
More informationOn July 4 of this year, fifty-six representatives from the thirteen colonies unanimously approved the Declaration of Independence.
1607 In this year, representatives of the Virginia Company of London established the first permanent English settlement in North America. The settlement was called Jamestown in honor of King James I of
More informationLecture Outline: Chapter 2
Lecture Outline: Chapter 2 Constitutional Foundations I. The U.S. Constitution has been a controversial document from the time it was written. A. There was, of course, very strong opposition to the ratification
More informationALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE
POLITICAL CULTURE Every country has a political culture - a set of widely shared beliefs, values, and norms concerning the ways that political and economic life ought to be carried out. The political culture
More informationDOWNLOAD OR READ : WAR AND REVOLUTION IN THE WEST OF IRELAND PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI
DOWNLOAD OR READ : WAR AND REVOLUTION IN THE WEST OF IRELAND PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI Page 1 Page 2 war and revolution in the west of ireland war and revolution in pdf war and revolution in the west of ireland
More informationThe Coming of Independence. Ratifying the Constitution
C H A P T E R 2 Origins of American Government 1 SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3 SECTION 4 SECTION 5 Our Political Beginnings The Coming of Independence The Critical Period Creating the Constitution Ratifying
More information(3) parliamentary democracy (2) ethnic rivalries
1) In the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin governed by means of secret police, censorship, and purges. This type of government is called (1) democracy (2) totalitarian 2) The Ancient Athenians are credited
More informationALEXANDER LIBRARY has recently acquired a 1775 edition
EDMUND BURKE AND THE "PRESENT DISCONTENTS 55 BY NANCY HARPER Dr. Harper is an assistant professor of communication in Rutgers College ALEXANDER LIBRARY has recently acquired a 1775 edition of Edmund Burke's
More informationMRS. OSBORN S APWH CRAM PACKET:
MRS. OSBORN S APWH CRAM PACKET: Period 5 Industrialization & Global Integration, 1750-1900, chapters 23-29 (20% of APWH Exam) (NOTE: Some material overlaps into Period 6, 1900-1914) Questions of periodization:
More informationSS.8.A.3.2 Explain American colonial reaction to British policy from
SS.8.C.2.6 Examine the causes, course, and consequences of the French and Indian War. IB Unit 1: No More Kings! SS.8.A.3.1 Explain the consequences of the French and Indian War in British policies for
More informationLOREM IPSUM. Book Title DOLOR SET AMET
LOREM IPSUM Book Title DOLOR SET AMET It s Too Late to Apologize Chapter 5 The American Revolution A parody on why we fought the American Revolution. Our struggle for independence would not be an easy
More informationThe Americans (Reconstruction to the 21st Century)
The Americans (Reconstruction to the 21st Century) Chapter 2: TELESCOPING THE TIMES Revolution and the Early Republic CHAPTER OVERVIEW Colonists declare their independence and win a war to gain the right
More informationAmerican Revolution Unit Packet. Name Period
American Revolution Unit Packet Name Period 0 Learning Goals and Scales Learning Goal 5: Students will be able to explain the events which led to the start of the American Revolution. - Tea Act (Boston
More informationComplete the warm-up about Jefferson s quote
Complete the warm-up about Jefferson s quote The 13 Colonies America: 13 colonies ruled by Great Britain (England) 1620-1783 European settlement initiated by Puritans & people seeking economic opportunities
More informationWhy did economic systems begin to shift during the Industrial Revolution?
Why did economic systems begin to shift during the Industrial Revolution? What is economics? Every society has access to resources, however, these resources are limited. There is a limited amount of water.
More informationThe Declaration of Independence & The Revolutionary War. US History 2
The Declaration of Independence & The Revolutionary War US History 2 The Declaration of Independence The First Continental Congress Met from September 5 to October, 26, 1774 Meet in Philadelphia 56 delegates
More informationJROTC LET st Semester Exam Study Guide
Cadet Name: Date: 1. (U6C2L1:V12) Choose the term that best completes the sentence below. A government restricted to protecting natural rights that do not interfere with other aspects of life is known
More informationFirst Semester Cumulative Standards and Rubric
History Strands understand traditional historical points of reference in U.S. history through 1877 (8.1) understand the causes of exploration and colonization eras (8.2) (A) identify the major eras and
More informationProclamation of French and Indian War. Sugar Act
Proclamation of 1763 French and Indian War Sugar Act Official announcement made by King George III of England which stopped colonists from settling lands west of the Appalachian Mountains. War fought by
More informationUnit 2 American Revolution
Unit 2 American Revolution Name: Chapter 4 The Empire in Transition 1. Loosening Ties 1707 England + Scotland = a. A Tradition of Neglect i.growing Power of Parliament influence of Kings a. Robert Walpole
More informationAdam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, 1776
Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, 1776 Adam Smith (1723 1790) was a professor of moral philosophy at the University of Glasgow who helped theorize the economic
More informationIn your notes... What caused the American Revolution?
In your notes... What caused the American Revolution? Unit Question Was the American Revolution truly revolutionary? Causes of the American Revolution In the news... Scotland is seeking independence from
More informationConstitutional Convention Unit Notes
Constitutional Convention Unit Notes Civics Textbook: Government and Society - Text p. 5 Cue four reasons why society needs a government Notes 1. Law and Order Government makes laws to protect citizens
More informationStations Activity: The George Washington Presidency ( )
USHG Name Stations Activity: The George Washington Presidency (1789-1797) Station # 1: George Washington & Foreign Policy Based on the information, summarize the three goals of U.S. foreign policy during
More informationSimon, Marjorie. Fact Sheet on William Pitt, first Earl of Chatham. 2016
Simon, Marjorie. Fact Sheet on William Pitt, first Earl of Chatham. 2016 Born November 15, 1708. He was a younger son. Father Robert Pitt of Boconnoe in Cornwall. Mother Harriet who was the younger daughter
More informationLearning Goal 5: Students will be able to explain the events which led to the start of the American
American Revolution Learning Goal 5: Students will be able to explain the events which led to the start of the American Revolution. - Tea Act (Boston Tea Party, British East India Company, Sons of Liberty,
More informationDefining A Nation. Chapter 1 Section 3
Defining A Nation Chapter 1 Section 3 Lecture Focus Question What ideas and debates led to the Constitution and Bill of Rights? Explain. Lecture Focus Question What ideas and debates led to the Constitution
More informationUnit 1 Review American Revolution Battle Notes, textbook pages
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 9TH Unit 1 Review American Revolution Battle Notes, textbook pages 126-139. Planner: Unit 1 test tomorrow (review page & quizlet) UNIT 1 REVIEW 1. Based on your knowledge of Social Studies
More informationGrade 7 History Mr. Norton
Grade 7 History Mr. Norton Section 1: Washington Takes Office Section 2: Creating a Foreign Policy Section 3: Political Parties Emerge Section 4: The Second President Grade 7 History Mr. Norton Cornell
More information5th Grade Social Studies. A New Nation
5th Grade Social Studies A New Nation 7/10/2014 5 th Grade Social Studies Curriculum Effective Instruction Promotes Reading a variety of primary and secondary sources so that it is possible to Determine
More information