Political Analysis. Forms and Structures of Political Obligation

Transcription

1 Plitical Analysis. Frms and Structures f Plitical Obligatin Stefan Bartlini Secnd Term (January-March 2014) Thursdays 11:00 13:00, Seminar Rm 2 + intensive wrkshp n March Registratin with Mariana Spratley (mariana.spratley@eui.eu) Tpic Analysis is a methd f inquiring based n the decmpsitin f what presents itself as unitary in its cnstitutive elements. In this curse we will critically discuss the cnstitutive elements f plitics and plitical behaviur at bth the individual and aggregate level. Particular attentin is given t the way in which plitical aggregate and structures d emerge frm the individual level interactins and the cnditin under which, in turn, such aggregate and structures can be regarded as unitary actrs fr higher level interactin patterns. The aim f the curse is t critically evaluate the cnceptual tlkit f classical plitical science and t prvide a cherent cnceptual framewrk fr the interpretatin f cmplex plitical phenmena. Audience The seminar is pen t all researchers Requirements The curse takes the frm f lectures accmpanied by discussins. The readings are general fr the entire curse but special relevant readings fr each sessin are indicated in the syllabus. Participants will prepare a deepening paper n ne f the cnceptual tls f the curse. Such paper will be discussed in a special intensive seminar in the third term. Schedule The seminar takes place Thursday, 11-13:00, in Seminar Rm 2 and will run frm January 9th t March 3 rd. Please nte that n Thursday 16 th January and n Thursday 23 rd January the sessins will take place in Seminar Rm 4. The seminar is fllwed by a wrkshp, which will take place n March, in Emerteca.

2 2 The full list f the seminar sessins is the fllwing: Thursday 9, 16, 23 and 30 January Thursday 6, 13, 20 and 27 February Thursday 6 and 13 March March (wrkshp) Plitical Analysis: Frms and Structures f Plitical Obligatin The nature f plitics Definitins f plitics The utcme f the prcess (behaviural cnfrmity; distributin f values; wh gets what, etc.) The specificity f the means The tw distinctive predicaments f plitical actin The ultimate pssibility f physical annihilatin The mtivatin f the individual (plitical actin) Utility behaviur, mral behaviur, scial hnur behaviur. And Plitical behaviur? Pwer and Plitical pwer Cnfinement and exit A definitin f Plitics The tree i : Plitical decisins between Institutins, interests and identities - De Juvenel, Bertrand (1963), The Pure Thery f Plitics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Addendum: The myth f the slutin. - Bartlini, Stefan, Plitics (2013), unpublished paper distributed t seminar participants, May Frms f circumscriptin f scial actrs Arenas: internal structuring and external cnslidatin Exit, bundary, and hierarchy as key cncepts fr the definitin f arenas - Carneir, R. L., The circumscriptin thery. American Behaviral Scientist 31: Service, E. R., 1975,Classical and mdern theries f the rigins f gvernment, in Chen and Service. Origins f the state and civilizatin: The prcess f cultural evlutin,new Yrk: W.W. Nrtn & C, Exit Ttal and partial exits Typlgy f exits New set f individual/grups behaviural ptins Differential distributin f the pprtunities t exit Bundary Definitinal issues

3 3 Types f bundaries Territrial and membership grups Exit ptins and bundary building - Differentiatin and Bundary Building, pp in Rkkan, Stein, (1999), State Frmatin, Natin Building, and Mass Plitics in Eurpe. The thery f Stein Rkkan. Edited by Peter Flra with Stein Kuhnle and Derek Urwin. Oxfrd, Oxfrd University Press. - Hirschman, Albert O. (1970), Exit, Vice, and Lyalty. Respnses t Decline in Firms, Organizatins, and States, Cambridge (Mass.), Harvard University Press, pp Bartlini, Stefan (2005), A Thery f Exit Optins, Bundary Building and Plitical Structuring, in Restructuring Eurpe, Oxfrd: Oxfrd University Press, pp. 1-55, in this cntext pp Actrs in institutinalism The survival evlutinary value f ratinal-self-interested actin versus the survival evlutinary value f culture and institutins - Granvetter, M. (1985), "Ecnmic Actin and Scial Structure: The Prblem f Embeddedness"; American Jurnal f Scilgy, Vl. 91, N. 3, pp Scharpf, F.W Games Real Actrs Play. Actr-Centered Institutinalism in Plicy Research. Bulder: Clrad: Westview Press., pp Type f Actrs Individual Aggregate, e.g. Classes, age grups, welfare recipients, etc The frmatin f cllective/crprate actrs Actrs: sme additinal elements Preferences and mtivatins f individual versus cllective/crprate actrs The cnditins f viability fr cllective/crprate actrs Cmpsite Cllective Calitins Clubs Mvements Assciatins e.g.: advcacy calitins, epistemic cmmunities, crprate (rganizatins) institutinal sci-ecnmic (firms, interest rganizatins) plitical (parties, etc.) - Scharpf F.W Games Real Actrs Play. Actr-Centered Institutinalism in Plicy Research. Bulder: Clrad: Westview Press, pp

4 4 Prblems f actrs interactin: Hw actrs interact (crdinatin) Negative externalities f actrs interactins and the public gds redistributive (and welfare,) prblems f actrs interactins. legitimacy issues - Uncertain legitimacy, pp in Bartlini, Stefan (2005), Restructuring Eurpe, Oxfrd: Oxfrd University Press. Archetypical actrs rientatins individualism slidarity cmpetitin altruism hstility maschism self-sacrifice mutual destructin indlence Archetypal frms (i.e. ideal type frms) f interactins cnflict negtiatin cmpetitin cperatin - S. Bartlini, Cllusin, Cmpetitin and Demcracy Part I, Jurnal f Theretical Plitics, 11: , in this cntext pp.... Game-theretical reprductin f frms f interactin Pure crdinatin Pure cnflict Assurance Battle f Sexes Chicken Prisners Dilemma (Deadlck and Ramb?) - Scharpf, F.W Games Real Actrs Play. Actr-Centered Institutinalism in Plicy Research. Bulder: Clrad: Westview Press, pp Scharpf, F.W. (2000), Institutins in Cmparative Plicy Research, Cmparative Plitical Studies, 33: Institutinal setting

5 5 The cnstitutin f Plitical Arenas Individuals and scial relatinships Scial fields Open versus clsed fields Institutins (rules) and rganizatins (rles) Types f arenas Anarchic arenas (generalized exit and n circumscriptin) Natural arenas (n exit and n third specialized actr) Authrity arenas (exit and third specialised actr) Gvernmental arenas (n exit and third specialized actr). netwrks assciatins (varius types f) rganizatins Regimes, Jint Decisin systems - Bartlini, Stefan 2013, Plitics unpublished paper distributed t seminar participants, May. Decisin rules and cnflict reslutin Thery f decisins Individual, Cllective and Cllectivized decisins Unilateral actin Negtiatins (varius slutins) vting hierarchy (vilence) - Sartri, Givanni 1987, A Decisin-Making Thery f Demcracy, in The Thery f Demcracy Revisited, Part One, Chatam: Chatam Huse Publishers, pp Cmbining actrs rientatin, mdes f interactin, institutinal settings and decisin rules Anarchic fields and unilateral actin Crdinatin prblems in Anarchic fields settings and unilateral actin mde f interactin Cnflict reslutin in anarchic fields with minimal institutins Nn cperative games (Nash Equilibria) Mutual adjustment Negative Crdinatin Externalities in anarchic fields Welfare and redistributin in anarchic fields Legitimacy prblems f anarchic fields Negtiatins Crdinatin prblems f negtiated agreements in different institutinal cntexts Fur mdes f negtiatin

6 6 Spt cntracts Distributive bargaining Prblem slving Psitive crdinatin Negative externalities f Negtiatins Welfare and redistributin f negtiatins Legitimacy prblems f negtiatins Vting Decisins by majrity vting The Cndrcet paradx Cyclical instability in vting Negative externalities f vting Welfare and redistributin f vting Legitimacy prblems f vting Tw cnditin fr the feasibility f majrity decisins Hierarchy and hierarchical decisins. Hierarchical directin Hierarchy within the state: cmpetitive mdels f plitics as a cntrl f gvernmental hierarchy Cmpetitive demcracy Negtiated demcracy Cmpetitin and negtiatin cmbined - Scharpf, F.W Games Real Actrs Play. Actr-Centered Institutinalism in Plicy Research. Bulder: Clrad: Westview Press, pp Plitical Structures: Prcesses and Frms f internal structuring f plitical arenas Micr-macr Prcess-structure Hierarchy and centre frmatin Why the individual/cmpsite plitical actr lks fr plitical authrity? Lyalty and system building Individual lyalty (Identity) Nrmative and cgnitive expectatins (rientatins?) Identities and individual actr interactin rientatin Systemic lyalty Cdes f cllective identity - Eisenstadt, S. N. and B. Giesen 1995, The cnstructin f cllective identity, Archives Eurpéennes de Scilgie, 36: Vice and Plitical structuring. The frmatin f actrs in Plitical arenas Vice as a general categry Strengthen the cnnectin between vice and exit The relatinship f vice t institutins

7 7 The transfrmatin f individual vice int aggregate, cllective and rganized vice The prblem f cllective actin Three mechanisms that fster the develpment frm individual vice t aggregate, cllective and rganised vice (structured vise). External clsure and pliticizing f the internal clsure rules and cdes. Resurce cnvertibility Systemic interactins Exit/entry, bundary building and plitical structuring: the micr-macr framewrk - Bartlini, Stefan (2005), A Thery f Exit Optins, Bundary Building and Plitical Structuring, in Restructuring Eurpe, Oxfrd: Oxfrd University Press, pp. 1-55, in this cntext pp Frms f plitical structuring: Institutinal and Plitical structures Institutinal structures Area f plitical equality/inequality Plitical Citisenship Demcratisatin Respnsible Gvernment and gvernmental structure Fair representatin Executive access [(NOT DEALT WITH IN THE COURSE)----- Area f Sci-ecnmic equality/inequality and Area f cultural equality/inequality Kinship and cultural cleavage management Scial citizenship Wefare Curt system Educatinal system institutins Cmmunicatin system institutins] Plitical Structures Channels f plitical structuring Electral Crprate Territrial Variatins in frms f plitical structuring Scial input Territrial input Organizatinal input - Bartlini, Stefan (2005), Restructuring Eurpe, Oxfrd: Oxfrd University Press, pp

8 8 - Exit and Vice, pp ; The Fur Threshld f Demcratisatin, pp ; Numerical Demcracy and Crprate Pluralism, pp in Rkkan, Stein, (1999), State Frmatin, Natin Building, and Mass Plitics in Eurpe. The thery f Stein Rkkan. Edited by Peter Flra with Stein Kuhnle and Derek Urwin. Oxfrd, Oxfrd University Press. Plitical divides Functinal versus territrial divides The special case f territrial divides Types f functinal divides Simple divides Cmpund Divides Interest divides Cultural divides Member-ship divides Crprate divides Scial divides Plitical divides Cleavages The linkage between scial stratificatin, nrmative and behaviural systems - Bartlini, Stefan (2005). La frmatin des clivages, Revue Internatinale de Plitique Cmparée, 12 : (Fr thse wh cannt read French, the fllwing unpublished paper can be distributed : Cleavages, divides and Vting Thery, Cnference n Religisity, Idelgy, and Vte in Eurpe, Flrence, 7-8 Nvember 2013) - Cleavages and their Plitical translatin, pp in Rkkan, Stein, (1999), State Frmatin, Natin Building, and Mass Plitics in Eurpe. The thery f Stein Rkkan. Edited by Peter Flra with Stein Kuhnle and Derek Urwin. Oxfrd, Oxfrd University Press The histrical specific plitical structuring f the Eurpean natin state The triangles f the natin-state Centre frmatin System building Plitical structuring Readings Bartlini, Stefan (1999). Cllusin, Cmpetitin and Demcracy Part I, Jurnal f Theretical Plitics, 11: Bartlini, Stefan (2005). La frmatin des clivages, Revue Internatinale de Plitique Cmparée, 12 : [Cleavages, divides and Vting Thery, Cnference n Religisity, Idelgy, and Vte in Eurpe, Flrence, 7-8 Nvember 2013 Bartlini, Stefan (2005), Restructuring Eurpe, Oxfrd: Oxfrd University Press.

9 9 Bartlini, Stefan, Plitics (2013), unpublished paper distributed t the seminar participants, May Carneir, R. L., The circumscriptin thery. American Behaviral Scientist 31: De Juvenel, Bertrand (1963), The Pure Thery f Plitics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Addendum: The myth f the slutin, pp. Eisenstadt, S. N. and B. Giesen 1995, The cnstructin f cllective identity, Archives Eurpéennes de Scilgie, 36: Granvetter, M. (1985), "Ecnmic Actin and Scial Structure: The Prblem f Embeddedness"; American Jurnal f Scilgy, Vl. 91, N. 3, pp Hirschman, Albert O. (1970), Exit, Vice, and Lyalty. Respnses t Decline in Firms, Organizatins, and States, Cambridge (Mass.), Harvard University Press. Rkkan, Stein, (1999),State Frmatin, Natin Building, and Mass Plitics in Eurpe. The thery f Stein Rkkan. Edited by Peter Flra with Stein Kuhnle and Derek Urwin. Oxfrd, Oxfrd University Press. Sartri, Givanni (1987), A Decisin-Making Thery f Demcracy, in The Thery f Demcracy Revisited, Part One, Chatam: Chatam Huse Publishers, pp Scharpf, F.W. (2000), Institutins in Cmparative Plicy Research, Cmparative Plitical Studies, 33: Scharpf, F.W Games Real Actrs Play. Actr-Centered Institutinalism in Plicy Research. Bulder: Clrad: Westview Press. Service, E. R. 1975, Classical and mdern theries f the rigins f gvernment, in Chen and Service. Origins f the state and civilizatin: The prcess f cultural evlutin,new Yrk: W.W. Nrtn & C, 21-34