Sit in your regular assigned seats! Do Now. 1. What was your favorite thing you did over break? 2. What do you know about the Industrial Revolution?

Transcription

1 Do Now Sit in your regular assigned seats! 1. What was your favorite thing you did over break? 2. What do you know about the Industrial Revolution?

2 Quarter 2 Research Papers Period 1 Period 2 A 5 7 B 10 8 C 7 8 F Passing 65% 66% Q1 Passing 58% 47%

3 The results from the survey were pretty clear, so our topic for Quarter 3 is...

4 World War I and World War II!

5 This quarter is going to be a traditional history class, which means we'll be looking at two very important historical events: the World Wars One of the most important skills in history is being able to understand cause and effect - why did an event happen, and what effects it had for the world / particular groups of people So for each of the world wars, we'll be looking at 4 main ideas: the causes of the war, the actual events of the war, the social and technological changes that went along with it, and the effects it had This is important because you will be looking at those same 4 ideas at the end of the quarter for a different war that you are researching for your final paper!

6 Causes of WWI World War I was a massive historical event: tens of millions of people died, battles were fought on every continent except Antarctica, and it lasted for 5 years It was so big and widespread that it was the first conflict to ever be called a World War Not surprisingly, it's impossible to say that a single thing caused World War I. Historians have spent entire careers looking at different reasons why it happened In general, though, there are 4 main reasons that historians agree on: militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism Today we'll be looking at just one of them: militarism

7 Industrial Revolution Starting in the late 1700's, Europe and the United States entered a period of time known as the Industrial Revolution People began experimenting with science more than ever before, and applying new technologies to businesses, trying to make people's lives easier by producing food and household items faster and for less money. The Industrial Revolution changed the way people lived and worked. Instead of working from home or owning a shop, many people began working at large factories and for large businesses. The new technologies made food and clothing cheaper and easier to produce, but it also had a darker side. Many poorer people had to work extremely long hours (12-16 hours a day, 6 days a week) and many were injured or killed on the job because of lack of training and unsafe machinery.

8 Military Technology Part of the darker side of the Industrial Revolution was new military technology. Throughout most of the 1700's and earlier, guns were very simple and timeconsuming to use. Instead of using bullets, users had to add gunpowder and metal by hand, shot by shot. The Industrial Revolution brought about the invention of the pre-made bullet, as well as smokeless gunpowder. This made it much faster and easier to see, reload, and aim instead of loading up each individual shot through a haze of smoke. By the late 1800's, the modern automatic machine gun was invented, as well as telegraphs, which made it fast to communicate during and after battle.

9 Militarism This surge in new military technology in the 1800's led many governments throughout Europe to greatly expand their militaries. Part of this was from a simple interest in having stronger, faster weapons, and part of this was because they knew that other governments were expanding their own armies, so they needed to keep up for self-defense. Larger, stronger armies led to a shift in attitudes about the military in general. Countries designed new, fancy uniforms for their soldiers, who made public displays and parades, encouraging a greater sense of pride in the military. This process of creating larger, stronger armies and increased public pride in the military is known as militarism. It made the countries of Europe almost eager for war, because it was a chance to use their new weapons and show off their strength to other countries.

10 German Unification One of the best examples of militarism was Germany. For most of history, German-speaking people in Europe were not part of one, united country. Instead, they were actually split up into a variety of kingdoms, states, and independent cities - over 300 in total! After the American and French Revolutions in the late 1700's, many people throughout the German states started to talk about the idea of getting rid of all the divisions and creating a single German-speaking country with a democratic government. The problem was that the rulers of all the tiny German states and kingdoms didn't all get along, and many of them wanted to keep their individual power instead of giving it up to a new government. It took one man with a strong army to finally unify Germany by force.

11 Before the unification of the German states into a single country, one of the largest German kingdoms was called Prussia. Prussia was actually a constitutional monarchy, so they had a king and a parliament. In 1862, a man named Otto von Bismarck became the Minister President of Prussia (the equivalent of Prime Minister). He believed strongly in both militarism and the idea of German unification. To accomplish his goal of unification, he built up Prussia's army to be the strongest of the German states and went on a series of short wars with the other German states. By 1871, Bismarck had conquered all the other German states, either through actual fighting or forcing them to peacefully surrender. He then became the first Chancellor (equivalent of President), of the new unified country of Germany. Bismarck helped turn Germany into a militaristic country, with a very powerful army that the people of the country were proud of. Otto von Bismarck

12 Quick Review Topics military technology militarism

13 Exit Ticket 1. Name at least 2 new military technologies of the 19th century and how they were an improvement on older technologies. 2. Explain the term "militarism," and which country was a good example of it in the late 19th century.