America and World War I Notes

Transcription

1 Woodrow Wilson Won the Election in 1912 Progressive New Freedom Platform Promised significant: America and World War I Notes Attacks the Triple Wall of Privilege Underwood Act: Federal Reserve Act: Clayton AntiTrust Act: Federal Trade Commission: Child Labor Bill: Workers Compensation Act: 8 Hour Work Day Federal Farm Loan Act: Isolationist America: Causes of World War I Historians have traditionally cited four longterm causes of the First World War! a devotion to the interests and culture of one s nation! Economic and political control over weaker nations

2 ! The growth of nationalism and imperialism led to increased military spending! By 1907 Europe was divided into two armed camps Triple Entente/Allies Triple Alliance/Central Powers THE SPARK: AN ASSASSINATION! The Balkan region was considered due to competing interests in the area! Russia wanted access to the Sea! Germany wanted a to the Ottoman Empire! AustriaHungary, which had taken control of Bosnia in 1878, accused Serbia of subverting its rule over Bosnia! Finally, on June 28th of 1914,, heir to the Austrian throne was gunned down by a Serbia radical igniting a diplomatic crisis

3 ! The Alliance system pulled one nation after another into the conflict " AustriaHungary Declares War on " Russia Declares War on " Germany Declares War on " Germany Declares War on " England Declares War on " By the end of 1914, not only Europe was at war, but also all of Europe s colonies in Asia, Africa and South America. What is the Schlieffen Plan? What is it designed to prevent for Germany? Allies retreated to the, both sides dug in. What did both sides have? What are the 3 types? What is in between called and why? What are the conditions here? First Battle of Somme When? Casualties on 1 st day? Final casualties? What was gained? Western Front is a Stalemate New Technology New Weapons (What were they, what was their impact, how were they used)

4 Eastern Front Russians & Serbs vs. Germans & AustriaHungarians Russia s Disadvantages Russia s advantage Battle of Tannenberg Who won and why? Other Fronts Allies Central Power

5 Battles also occur where? Russia Exits the War Who takes command? What do they create in Russia? When? Who signs the Treaty of BrestLitovsk? What is the Treaty of BrestLitovsk? America What did America what in 1914? What is stronger with the Allies that the Central Powers? What did both German and British impose? Germans used What happened May 7, 1915? What is the Sussex Pledge?

6 Wilson s slogan in the 1916 election: Zimmerman Note what is it and what does it promise: In Wilson s Declaration of War what is his goal? May 1917 Selective Service Act: What do the U.S. soldiers bring to the troops and what is their nickname? What does Russia s surrender allow Germany to do? Homefront Total War: Power to the U.S Government expanded War Industries Board

7 Victory Gardens Selling the War Propaganda Committee on Public Information (CPI) Attack on Civil Liberties at Home Espionage and Sedition Acts passed by Congress Espionage Act: Sedition Act: The Red Scare Red Scare took hold in the U.S. shortly after WWI

8 Palmer Raids Social Change During the War The Great Migration: Push Factors Pull Factors Women in the War Help get the 19 th amendment passed Flu Epidemic Affected 25% of the population in the U.S. As many as killed 500,000 in the U.S. Worldwide the epidemic killed about 30 million people Ending the War US Enters the War in April of March 1918 Russia and Germany sign the Germans now use all resources on Western Front March of 1918 Germany begins a massive attack on

9 German troops fatigued US had 140,000 fresh troops 2 nd Battle of the Marne (June 1918) Central Powers Crumble Revolutions in Ottoman Empire German soldiers, public turns against Kaiser Wilhelm II November 3, 1918 Eleventh hour, on the eleventh day, of the Eleventh month of 1918 The Paris Peace Conference Big Four Great Britain: Italy: France: U.S.: Wilson s 14 Points Germany leave Belgium to be independent France to regain all territory AustriaHungary be allowed to be independent Central Powers to evacuate Serbia, Montenegro & Romania and they are to be independent Poland shall be independent we be formed to protect the independence of all countries How did the other response to the 14 points?

10 Treaty of Versailles June 28, 1919 Established Broke up & Barred Germany from Give back to France Pay to the Allies Force to admit sole responsibility for the war (WarGuilt Clause) Weakness of the Treaty Harsh Treatment of Germany Humiliation of Germans Would never be able to pay the reparations League of Nations Conservative Senators headed by worried about Congress U.S. involvement in the League the U.S. President had created making it extremely weak and ineffective The Legacy of WWI At home, the war strengthened both the military and the The propaganda campaign provoked

11 For many countries the war created that lasted for years established the first state during the war Americans called World War I, however unresolved issues would eventually drag the U.S. into an even deadlier conflict Before WWI feeling of and After the War feelings of and The Generation to return will be called the Generation