CLASSICAL. Liberalism. Social 30-1 LIBERALISM SUPPORTS M E A N S T H A T T H E

Transcription

1 Social 30-1 CLASSICAL Liberalism LIBERALISM SUPPORTS THE INDIVIDUAL. THIS M E A N S T H A T T H E INDIVIDUAL S VOICE IS IMPORTANT. THE ANCIENT GREEKS HAD A FORM OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY. IT WASN T PERFECT BUT IT WAS A START.

2 Social 30-1 McClung DEVELOPMENT OF LIBERALISM Complete this timeline of European changes Fill in the following timeline using the information from class or from your text (Pages ). Period Dates: Contributions to Liberal thought and Principles Enlightenment Protestant Reformation Renaissance Dates: Dates:

3 Complete this Chart of Thinkers Fill in the following chart using the information provided in class or from your text (pages ). Philosopher Contributions to Liberal thought and Principles! Thomas Hobbes John Locke! Montesquieu Adam Smith John Stewart Mill! Rousseau

4 Each Nation sent elected leaders to represent them at the Grand Council. The representatives would make decisions that would affect the entire confederacy. Concencus had to be made in order for any laws or decisions to be passed. Often amendments would be made to the original motion put forth until the final decision was made. Aboriginal Contributions to Liberalism Some historians, have claimed that the democratic ideals of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy provided a significant inspiration to Benjamin Franklin and other framers of the United States Constitution. Many other historians disagree that the Iroquois had much influence on the Constitution because of the differences between the two systems and because of the guaranteed knowledge of t h e i d e a s o f t h e philosophers such as Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu and Rousseau. IT HAS BEEN ARGUED THAT MANY OF THE PRINCIPLES OF LIBERALISM ORIGINATED IN TRADITIONAL ABORIGINAL SOCIETIES. In Canada, our A b o r i g i n a l communities use liberal ideas such as elected leaders, g o v e r n m e n t b y consensus, leadership on the basis of merit, just punishment, and concepts of equality and equality before the law. Five different nations founded the Iroquois Confederacy: the Seneca (Sen-e-kuh), Cayuga (Ky-you-guh), Onondaga (On-on-da-guh), Oneida (O-nee-duh), Mohawk (Mo-hawk). Each nation kept its own territory, language and culture. Before the founding of the Confederacy, the nations fought wars against each other. The history of the Iroquois records that a leader came to the nations with a message of peace and unity. This leader was named Dekanawidah (da-ganawee- duh), the Peacemaker. He persuaded each nation to accept the Great Law of Peace. The Great Law of Peace established a government the Iroquois Confederacy that allowed the nations to work together and respect each other.

5 Putting Theory Into Action CLASSICAL LIBERALISM ENCOURAGES: - The Primacy of the individual rights and freedoms to be exercised in the individual s self interest - The belief that humans are reasonable and can make rational decisions that will benefit both themselves and society as a whole - Economic freedom including the ownership of private property and free markets (markets with limited government intervention) -The protection of civil liberties -Constitutional limitations on the government The philosophy of Classical Liberalism seemed to be rational, straight forward, and inspirational to all individuals In practice, however, classical liberalism resulted in class distinctions and inequality that b e c a m e h i g h l y criticized. The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in about 1750 during that time people took the ideas of classical liberalist thought and put them into play. What resulted was a transformation of Great Britain (and other countries that industrialized later) from an agricultural country based on mercantilist thought to a modern industrial one. The Industrial Revolution describes that transition of Britain from an agricultural and mercantile society to a modern, industrial one. The principles of Classical Liberalism (economic freedom, individual freedom, private property, self-interest and competition) were the driving force behind industrialization. Entrepreneurs took the freedom that they were given and thrived.

6 Industrial Revolution and the Factory System RIGID SCHEDULE HOUR DAY. DANGEROUS CONDITIONS. MIND-NUMBING MONOTONY.

7 Class Inequality The demand for more profit resulted in more and more mechanization. Workers worked long hard hours in horrible conditions in our day and age it is difficult to comprehend. Why? Time meant money workers were a means to an end, they were employed by a middle class or upper class factory owner who wanted make a profit. Itʼs capitalism. But what often isnʼt taken into account is human greed (think back to HOBBES). One of the most profound impacts of the Industrial Revolution was the change in the class structure. The new middle class that emerged during the Industrial Revolution were the nouveau riche they could challenge the aristocratic classes for power and position. They were not afraid to show off their wealth through their homes and their lifestyles.

8 Coal Mining in Britain: ton of coal 50, 000 miners tons 200, 000 miners million tons 500, 000 miners million tons 1, 200, 000 miners