The Enlightenment. Transition from the Scientific Revolution to new ideas in Philosophy, Art, Economics,& Government

Transcription

1 The Enlightenment Transition from the Scientific Revolution to new ideas in Philosophy, Art, Economics,& Government

2 Effects of the Scientific Revolution nduring the Scientific Revolution, people began to believe that the scientific method allowed them to find answers to their questions nas a result, new ideas began in areas outside of science: nespecially criticizing absolute monarchy and thinking of new ideas about government

3 What is the Enlightenment? nthe intellectuals of the Enlightenment (called Philosophes) believed: The universe could be understood through reason Everything in nature could be explained by natural laws universal truths found through observation (Religion is not necessary to understand the world)

4 What is the Enlightenment? The belief in progress the world can be improved upon & perfected People have natural rights personal freedoms that allow people to enjoy liberty (no restrictions on speech, religion, or the economy)

5 Political Thinkers of the Enlightenment Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu, Voltaire

6 Thomas Hobbes Life without laws and control would be solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.

7 Thomas Hobbes nhobbes believed humans are naturally violent & disorderly; citizens need kings to protect them from themselves (like a father protects his children) nhobbes believed that people form a contract with the king & agree to give up their freedoms in exchange for the king s protection

8 Think/Pair/Share n Hobbes ideas are based on the idea that people are naturally selfish. Do you agree with this? Why or why not? n What does Hobbes mean when he said that if there was no government, life would be nasty, brutish, and short.? n Do you agree with this idea? Tell your partner why or why not. Be prepared to share your answer with the class.

9 John Locke All mankind being all equal and independant, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions.

10 John Locke nlocke believed that all people have natural rights (rights to life, liberty, & ownership of property) nhe added to Hobbes Social Contract Theory saying that people can break the contract when a king become corrupt nthe best government has limited powers & listens to the people

11 Think/Pair/Share n With your partner name as many natural rights and liberties you enjoy today in your life.

12 Who s ideas are right? Hobbes npeople are selfish, selfserving, & brutal nwithout government control, society would be chaotic Locke npeople are reasonable & able to make decisions npeople should be able to rule themselves

13 Jean-Jacques Rousseau Free people, remember this maxim: we may acquire liberty, but it is never recovered if it is once lost.

14 Jean-Jacques Rousseau What the majority wants, the majority gets nbelieved people are naturally good, but power corrupts them nthe best form of government is a direct democracy that Like their choice if they disagree with the majority opinion promotes the common good of the majority npeople give up some of their individual rights to be ruled by the general will of the majority

15 Montesquieu Useless laws weaken the necessary ones

16 MONTESQUIEU n Believed in: Separation of Government Powers -3 branches: legislative (creates laws); executive (enforces laws); and judicial (courts). Checks & Balances each branch should check (limit) the power of the other, so that one branch does not become more powerful than the other. Montesquieu s separation of powers and checks and balances influenced framers of the US Constitution which are at the core of American government to this day.

17 Voltaire I do not agree with a word you say but I will defend to the death your right to say it.

18 Voltaire n Believed in: freedom of thought, speech, politics, and religion. Fought against intolerance, injustice, inequality, ignorance, & the slave trade. Believed that the government and the church should be kept separate so that the church s beliefs do not impede and on the peoples rights.

19 Read each page summary of the three Philosophes covered in class n Read the one pager on each thinker and Attack the Text n You will be graded on how accurately you demonstrate ALL steps in Attack the Text

20 n Using prior knowledge from the lecture and secondary source reading, write a two paragraph proposal for our new principal, Ms. Maschler, analyzing how ArTES is now and how do you think it should be run. ANALYSIS must include evidence of the Enlightenment Thinkers ideas and how those ideas would effect our school. n Paragraph 1: Talk about how ArTES is now. Does our school already implement the beliefs of the Enlightenment thinkers. n Paragraph 2: Talk about what ArTES should do. Use different aspects of the Enlightenment thinkers philosophies to create a new government of ArTES.