Final stages of the Danish union
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1 Norwegian history 2
2 Final stages of the Danish union Commerce and Enlightenment propel Norwegian need for own institutions Demands for national bank and university 1807: War with England causes isolation and collapse for Denmark/Norway. Denmark/Norway joins Napoleon Kiel Treaty January 1814: Denmark concedes Norway to Sweden
3 1814: The miracle year Spring: The leap for independence: National conference, liberal constitution and king election Summer: War and surrender Autumn: Negotiations with Sweden: Norway enters a personal union with Sweden. The constitution accepted by the Swedes
4 National conference at Eidsvold 1814
5 King Carl Johan Bernadotte
6 The 1814 constitution Based on Enlightenment ideas and American and French models Civil rights Popular sovereignty Representative government Division of powers: Executive: the king and his cabinet Legislative/funding: the parliament (Stortinget) Judicial : the courts Limited franchise: Men over 25 with a minimum of income/property
7 Patriotism and romanticism 17th of May celebrations National romanticism Nynorsk (New Norwegian language) Folkeeventyr (Folk tales) Folketoner (Folk music) The glorious past
8 Henrik Wergeland
9 Ivar Aasen
10 Asbjørnsen & Moe
11 Ludvig M. Lindeman
12 The Embedsmenn era A privileged bureaucratic elite The farmers enter politics Local government act 1837 The great transitions: Commercial farming, new industries, migration to the towns Stortinget: Farmers and urban intellectuals join forces. Venstre alliance against conservative establishment
13 The Venstre alliance Sverdrup Jaabæk
14 Concervative leaders Stang Schweigaard
15 1870 s and 80 s: Liberal Venstre overturn conservative hegemony Political battles: Parliament versus government Annual Storting sessions All powers should meet in this hall Parliament prevails over king and government: Parliamentarism 1884
16 1884: Eve of modern democracy Common people engage in politics Political parties: Venstre, Høyre, Ap Public debate Ibsen, Bjørnson, Munch Womens rights Male suffrage 1898, female suffrage 1913
17 Henrik Ibsen
18 Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson
19 Edvard Munch
20 1884: Eve of modern democracy Common people engage in politics Political parties: Venstre, Høyre, Ap Public debate Ibsen, Bjørnson, Munch Womens rights Male suffrage 1898, female suffrage 1913
21 Rush towards modernism Modern industries from wood/fish Norwegian shipping Modern infrastructure: Railways, roads, shiplines Migration to USA Urban growth
22 Population development Year total towns country area % 90% mill 17% 83% mill 31% 69% mill 39% 61% mill 47% 53% mill 66% 34% ,2 mill 81% 19%
23 End of the Swedish union Quest for national independence Norwegian demands: Own embassies/representations abroad Own military, own flag Norwegian and Swedish nationalism International labour movement: an anti nationalist, pacifist force
24 1905: National independence and modernization Monarchy by popular vote The link to England Neutralism The new working day New industrialism: Foreign investments, hydro electric power, concession laws, chemical and metallurgical industries. The link to Germany. Economic growth Setback during WW1
25 Vemork power plant Rjukan, Telemark
26 1905: National independence and modernization Monarchy by popular vote The link to England Neutralism The new working day New industrialism: Foreign investments, hydro electric power, concession laws, chemical and metallurgical industries. The link to Germany. Economic growth Setback during WW1
27 Turbulent interwar years Economical crisis: Deflation. Mass unemployment. Strikes, lock-outs Political crisis: Left wing and right wing radicalism Weak governments Nazi party (NS) 1933
28 Ap: From class war to cooperation. Parliament election 1933: new strategy 1935: Ap government 1935: Basic Agreement negotiated between Employers and Labour confederations to avoid conflicts in the labour market The constitution of working life
29 Johan Nygaardsvold
30 WW The collapse of neutralism April 9th: German occupation. Government and royal family escape to London German commissary rule and Norwegian nazi government The commercial fleet under allied command civilian sailors killed at sea during WW2
31 Quisling visiting in Berlin
32 WW From 1941: The government s nazification project provokes moral resistance. Persecution and terror Deportation of the Norwegian jews 1942 Festung Norwegen From 1943/44: Rise of underground resistance and sabotage Aftermath: the legal prosecutions against nazi party members. The national trauma
33 Postwar period Ap hegemony UN membership (Trygve Lie first gen. secretary) Cold war: from bridgebuilding to western orientation: Marshall aid NATO membership 1949 Economic reconstruction: Capitalist plan economy Regulations Focus on heavy industries Public welfare: New public insurances and social benefits. Economic growth
34 Einar Gerhardsen, Prime minister
35 Postwar period Ap hegemony UN membership (Trygve Lie first gen. secretary) Cold war: from bridgebuilding to western orientation: Marshall aid NATO membership 1949 Economic reconstruction: Capitalist plan economy Regulations Focus on heavy industries Public welfare: New public insurances and social benefits. Economic growth
36 Legacy of social democracy The Norwegian (Nordic) model: 3-part cooperation between the parties in the labour market and the state to secure industrial peace and fix wages and welfare policies National Insurance Act 1966 Statoil (Equinor) 1972 Work Environment Act 1977
37 60ies and 70ies: Flower power and left wing radicalism challenge AP hegemony Beatles, Dylan, Paris, Prague Marxism-leninism Battle of EU membership 1972: grassroot versus political establishment Rise of feminism. The law of free abortion : Oil crisis invoke inflation, economic stagnation and labour conflicts.
38
39 60ies and 70ies: Flower power and left wing radicalism challenge AP hegemony Beatles, Dylan, Paris, Prague Marxism-leninism Battle of EU membership 1972: grassroot versus political establishment Rise of feminism. Free abortion law : Oil crisis invoke inflation, economic stagnation and labour conflicts.
40 1980ies: Liberalistic revival New liberalism (Thatcher, Milton Friedman) Høyre cabinet 1981 Oil revenues. Deregulation of economy. More private spending Stock market collapse 1987 End of NRK broadcasting monopoly
41 EU popular vote 1994
42 Cabinets after WW Ap 1963 H KrF Sp V Ap H KrF Sp V Ap H KrF Sp V Ap H H KrF Sp Ap H KrF Sp Ap KrF Sp V Ap H KrF V Ap SV Sp 2013-? H FrP
43 Political parties represented in Stortinget Ap Arbeiderpartiet 49repr. 27,4 % H Høyre 45 25,0 Frp Fremskrittspartiet 27 15,2 KrF Kristelig folkeparti 8 4,2 Sp Senterpartiet 19 10,3 V Venstre 8 4,4 SV Sosialist. Venstreparti 11 6,0 MDG Miljøpartiet de grønne 1 3,2 R Rødt 1 2,4
44 Political parties on a scale from left to right R SV Ap MDG Sp V KrF H Frp left center right
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