America s History Eighth Edi(on America: A Concise History Sixth Edi(on
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1 James A. Henretta Eric Hinderaker Rebecca Edwards Robert O. Self America s History Eighth Edi(on America: A Concise History Sixth Edi(on CHAPTER 9 Part 2 Transforming the Economy Copyright 2014 by Bedford/St. Martin s
2 Westward Movement Americans marched quickly toward west very hard w/ disease & loneliness Frontier people were individualistic, superstitious & ill-informed Westward movement molded environment tobacco exhausted land Kentucky blue grass thrived
3 Population Growth from 1620 to million
4 II. The Market Revolution B. The Growth of Cities and Towns 1. West and Midwest -Population grows -Factories sprout towns and cities -Chicago and St. Louis=manufacturing -Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, New Orleans = transit 2. Atlantic coastal cities= Boston, NY, Philly, Baltimore -Imports/Exports/financial -NY= Immigration hub
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8 III. New Social Classes and Cultures A. The Business Elite 1. Before industrialization -Rank and order; rural people share culture 2. The urban wealthy= Industrial Revolution causes social change! -Divides classes and culture even more -1860= Top 10% own 70% of wealth (no taxes) -Cities divided by class, race, ethnicity
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10 III. New Social Classes and Cultures B. The Middle Class 1. Who they were =farmers, mechanics, manufacturers, traders, lawyers, business owners mostly in the Northeast =income rising; supply family with help of wife 2. The self-made man= One s work ethic could lead to the big time -Industrious can go from rags to riches -Now that s AMERIGU= Identity
11 III. New Social Classes and Cultures C. Urban Workers and the Poor 1. Laborers= ½ the pop works for someone else -Lower class jobs are dangerous with low wages -Children work, housing is crowded and dirty 2. Alcohol= solace from your problems? -Consumption increases with wage increase -Fights, robberies, fights
12 III. New Social Classes and Cultures D. The Benevolent Empire 1. Conservative social reform =Benevolence- an act of kindness towards others -Organizations to help with alcohol, adultery, prostitution, crime -Actually went into community to organize help 2. Discipline= Ban drinking at public events, protected the Sabbath -Sabbatarian values opposed by many
13 III. New Social Classes and Cultures E. Charles Grandison Finney: Revivalism and Reform 1. Evangelical Beliefs -2 nd Great Awakening= Moral Free Agent to choose salvation; FREE WILL 2. Temperance= Most successful reform -American Temperance Society (200,000 members) -Annual consumption declines
14 Lyman Beecher Neal Dow Lucretia Mott Anti-Alcohol movement American Temperance Society formed at Boston sign pledges, pamphlets, anti-alcohol tract 10 nights in a Barroom and What I Saw There Demon Drink adopt 2 major line attack stressed temperance and individual will to resist
15 The Temperance Movement During the next decade approximately 5000 local temperance societies were founded As the movement gained momentum, annual per capita consumption of alcohol dropped sharply
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17 III. New Social Classes and Cultures F. Immigration and Cultural Conflict 1. Irish Poverty -- Poorest immigrants come from Ireland (potato famine) --Move to urban areas due to lack of $; squalor --Build/form numerous institutions (Catholic)
18 Irish ImmigraCon PUSH= Irish Potato Famine Main ports of entry New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Boston Irish were too poor to move inland and farm so they stayed in the cities Boston did not particularly like the Irish catholic, illiterate, poor No Irish need apply! Ancient Order of Hibernians Benevolent society to help Irish Spawned Molly Maguires (miners union) Gradually improved and became active politically NY s Tammany Hall, Irish political machine
19 III. New Social Classes and Cultures F. Immigration and Cultural Conflict 2. Nativism= Unfortunately another American tradition -Anti-Catholic sentiment rises with more immigrants -Morse s= Foreign Conspiracy Against Liberties in America -Catholics would obey Pope, not our government -When times got bad= NATIVISM worsens (jobs) -Arguments towards immigration restrictions
20 Early NaCvism American nativists feared 1840s & 1850s invasion of immigrants Took jobs, grew Roman Catholicism Catholics built their own schools, were #1 denomination by : Nativists form Order of the Star-Spangled Banner, developed into Know-Nothing party Wanted immigration restrictions Nativists occasionally violent, burned Boston convent (1834) Philadelphia Irish fought back, 13 killed in several days of fighting (1844)
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