COUNTRY PRESENTATION - CAMBODIA -

Transcription

1 Workshop on Strengthening Transport Connectivity among CLMVT Countries October 2018, Yangon, MYANMAR COUNTRY PRESENTATION - CAMBODIA - By KONG Sophal, Deputy Director General of Land Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport

2 CONTENTS Part A. Part B. Country Introduction Overview and progress of Transport Infrastructure Development Implementation of Cross Border Transport Agreements 2

3 Country Introduction Capital Phnom Penh Area 181,035 Km 2 Population millions, as of 2015 Annual 1.54 % ( ) Population Growth Urban 20 % Population GDP Growth 7.2 % GDP per capita US$ 1,384.4 (2017, WB) Currency Riel (1USD=4000Riels) Length of Asian 1, km Highway Route Number of Major Vehicle 4.50 million vehicles (2018) about 85% are motorcycles 3

4 Part A. Overview of Transport Infrastructure Development A1- Road Network A2- Economic Corridors A3- Urban Transport A4- Railway Network A5- International Ports A6- International Airports 4

5 A1. Road Network A1.1 Current Road Statistics and its Pavement Condition under MPWT: Road Class Length Paved Surface Concrete / AC / DBST (Km) (%) 1 Digit National Roads, 9 lines 2, % 2 Digits National Roads, 66 lines 5, % 3 & 4 Digits Provincial Roads, 528 lines 9, % Excludes Rural Roads approx. 50,000 Km under Ministry of Rural Development TOTAL 16, % 5

6 A1. Road Network (Cont.) A1.2 Road Network Map / Clarifications Banteay Meanchey Oddar Meanchey Preah Vihear Ratanak Kiri Siem Reap Stung Treng Battambang Kampong Thom Pailin Pursat Kratie Mondul Kiri Kampong Chhnang Kampong Cham Koh Kong Kampong Speu Phnom Penh Kandal Prey Veng Sihanoukville Kampot Takeo Svay Rieng Kep 6

7 Three Asian AHW lines crossing Cambodia A1. Road Network (Cont.) A1.3 ASIAN Highways 1 573km 308km km 7

8 A1. Road Network (Cont.) Status of ASIAN Highways Road No. Itinerary Total length (km) AH1 Poipet (Cambodia-Thai Border) - Serei Saophoan - Phnom Penh - Baveth (Cambodia-Vietnam Border) Current Condition: - All paved with AC / DBST, Number of Lanes: 2/4 - One bridge at Neak Loeung was constructed under Japan Grant Aid - Under upgrading to 4 lanes starting from RN 5 - Plan Expressway (Phnom Penh-Bavet, under Jica s F/S) AH11 AH123 Sihanoukville - Phnom Penh - Kampong Cham - Stung Treng - Tropeang Kreal (Cambodia - Laos Border) Current Condition: - All paved with AC / DBST, Number of Lanes: 2 - Upgraded to 4 lanes from Phnom Penh to Skun (75km completed) - Plan Expressway (Sihanoukville-Phnom Penh, under China s) Cham Yeam (Cambodia-Thai Border) Koh Kong Sre Ambel Kampot Lork Prek Chak (Cambodia-Vietnam Border) Current Condition: - Number of Lanes: 2 lanes, DBST TOTAL LENGTH OF ASEAN HIGHWAY IN CAMBODIA (Km) 1,

9 A1. Road Network (Cont.) A1.4 Design and Build City Ring Roads: To divert heavy traffic from the city center To promote logistics facilities outside the center Ring Road 1 completed Ring Road 2 under construction Ring Road 3 will start this year A1.5 Construction of Ring Road at major Provincial towns and populated areas: To divert heavy traffic from the city center 9

10 A1. Road Network (Cont.) A1.6 Expressway Development Plan E1 Completed F/S by JICA operation? E4 Ground Breaking this year (BOT)- operation 2025 E7 E99 LEGEND Expressway Planned Short Term Expressway Planned Medium Term Expressway Planned Long Term Expecting Route of Expressway 10

11 A2. GMS Economic Corridors Central Corridor AH11 BKK Southern Sub-Corridor Phnom Penh HCMC Southern Corridor 11

12 A3. Urban Transport Improvement A3.1 Introduce other modes of Public Transport (Short term, medium term and Long term plan). A3.2 Construction more City Ring Roads A3.3 Introduce ONE-WAY System A3.4 Integrated Traffic Signal System (ITS, Control Center) 12

13 A3. Urban Transport Improvement (Cont ) A3.5 Improve on-street Parking Measures in the City Center On Local Roads On main Roads A3.6 Decentralization by developing suburban areas surrounding the city center with proper means of accessibility to the Center 13

14 A3. Urban Transport Improvement (Cont ) A3.7 Construction of flyovers at the most congested areas 14

15 A3. Urban Transport Improvement (Cont ) A3.8 City Bus Routes In Phnom Penh City: 9 lines under operation (215 bus) 5 lines under planning Free for students, factories workers, elder people A3.9 City center to Airport Train: Start operation in June this year Airport check-in at the train station Three new rolling stocks will be arriving soon A3.10 Taxi Boats along Tunle Sab River: Start operation this year 5 stations in operation, approx. 20km Plan more 11 stations 15

16 A3. Urban Transport Improvement (Cont ) A3.11 Promote Ride Sharing mode: Ride sharing operators can register under MPWT Grab, PassApp and other local application become popular in Phnom Penh and Siem Reap city 16

17 A3. Urban Transport Improvement (Cont ) A3.12: Study for Public Transport Network and a first Priority Line in the Phnom Penh (by French): Tramways and BRT were recommended The priority tramway line 10km along Pr. Monivong Blvd. Estimated investment costs: mil USD Pending 17

18 A3. Urban Transport Improvement (Cont ) A3.13 The Study for Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) in the Phnom Penh by Jica: Ongoing Four lines in Master Plan Line #3 was selected as a priority 18

19 A4. Railways Network A4.1 Current Railway Network POIPET SISOPHON BATTAMBANG PURSAT LAOS Northern Line First line connection Phnom Penh - Battam Bang to Poipet, distance 386Km. Constructed in 1929 Restart operation from June this year.. Already connected with Thai Railway at Poi Pet. THAILAND LEGEND SIHANOUKVILLE SOUTHERN LINE NORTHER LINE MISSING LINK STATION KAMPOT PHNOM PENH TAKEO Southern Line Second line connection Phnom Penh International Sea Port, distance 264Km. Constructed in 1960 Already renovated and now under Operation both Cargo and Passengers 19

20 A4. Railways Network (cont.) A4.2 Railway Master Plan (Source: KOICA, Cambodia railway master plan, 2013) 20

21 A4. Railways Network (cont.) A4.3 Singapore Kunming Rail Link Projects (SKRL) 21

22 A5. Cambodian Ports Cambodia has two major ports 22

23 A6. International Airports There are three International Airport in Cambodia Siem Reap International Airport Phnom Penh International Airport Sihanouk Ville International Airport 23

24 Part B. Transport Facilitation Agreements B1- Bilateral Agreements B2- GMS B3- ASEAN 24

25 B.1 Bilateral Agreements on the Exchange of Traffic Rights Cambodia - Vietnam MOU on the Exchange of Traffic Rights signed in 1998, Now each country can issue total number of quota up to 500 for both Buses and Trucks, using 7 border gates Both sides may consider to increase 100 quota per year. Challenges: Cambodian operators cannot open branch office in Vietnam => No rights to get other local services such as buying insurances, contracting with other local operators etc Restriction of using different border gates for entry/exit Different Technical Standards of Vehicles, dimensions, weight limits, CAM trucks often got retained and penalty, Transit fee by provincial authorities 25

26 B.1 Bilateral Agreements on the Exchange of Traffic Rights (Con t ) Cambodia LAO PDR MOU on the Exchange of Traffic Rights signed in 1999, Each country can issue total number of quota up to 40 for both Buses and Trucks, crossing only at Tropeang Kriel Norng Nok Khien border gate. Challenges: Traffic demand is not high 26

27 B.1 Bilateral Agreements on the Exchange of Traffic Rights (Con t ) Cambodia Thailand MOU on the Exchange of Traffic Rights March 2008, Each country can issue total number of quota up to 40 for Non schedule Passenger Transportation and Cargo Transportation at Poipet Aranyaprathet border check points and designated routes as specified in Protocol 1 of GMS CBTA, It s considered as the Initial Implementation of CBTA (IICBTA) Not Bilateral Agreement. However, the implementation of this MOU has begun only from June On 16 December 2016 in Chiang Mai, the two parties signed the Addendum Two to the MOU to increase the number of quota from 40 to 150. As of today only 50 mini buses from Cambodia are registered. 27

28 B.1 Bilateral Agreements on the Exchange of Traffic Rights (Con t ) Challenges: Because this is IICBTA => the Routes and Entry/Exit Points are designated as agreed in Protocol 1 of CBTA, No ways to open more routes nor more border check points, Unbalance flow of goods, more import less export (5/1) Conditions of transport in Thailand are not favorable for Cambodian operators such as, Limits the maximum length of Semi trailers is only 13.60m Not allow goods in transit in Thailand Not allow unladen (empty) trucks enter Thailand For Schedule Bus operation needs separate agreement with The Mass Rapid Transit Authority of Thailand 28

29 B.2 GMS Cross-Border Transport Facilitation Agreement (CBTA) Overview of CBTA The Agreement between and among Laos, Thailand, Viet Nam on the Facilitation of Cross Border Transport of Goods and People, originally signed in Vientiane on 26 November 1999, amended in Yangon 2001, acceded to by Cambodia in 2001, China in 2002, and Myanmar in 2003, and amended in Phnom Penh on 30 April 2004, hereinafter referred to as GMS CBTA. Full members are: 1. China 4. Myanmar 2. Cambodia 5. Thailand 3. Lao PDR 6. Vietnam 29

30 B.2 GMS Cross-Border Transport Facilitation Agreement (CBTA) Con t Overview of CBTA The GMS CBTA includes 44 Articles, 17 Annexes and 3 Protocols. 30

31 B.2 GMS Cross-Border Transport Facilitation Agreement (CBTA) Con t The objectives: Facilitation of border crossing formalities (single window and single stop inspection, coordinating of hours of operation; and exchange of advance information and clearance) Facilitate cross border movement of people (multientry visa, recognition of driver license) Facilitate cross border movement of goods Exchange of traffic rights (500 vehicle quotas for each contracting party) Requirements for admittance of road vehicles Setting up Institutional Arrangements/ NTFC, NTTCC 31

32 Current status of CBTA CBTA just entered into force in 2015 after the last member, (Myanmar) ratified all Annexes and Protocols. However, some parts of the CBTA are out dated and need to be revised The GMS Transport Ministers, as members of the Joint Committee, agreed in 2016 to launch the Early Harvest implementation of the CBTA in 2017, and to complete the CBTA revision process by

33 Current status of CBTA Cont What is the CBTA Early Harvest? The Early Harvest is based on MOU signed by the 6 GMS countries in 2017 (Lao PDR and Vietnam haven t signed yet) The MOU allows each GMS country to issue up to 500 GMS Road Transport Permits and Temporary Admission Documents (TADs) for goods and passenger vehicles Vehicles can travel on any of the routes and across any of the border crossings points as listed in CBTA Protocol 1 Vehicles must carry with them the original Permit and TAD (like Vehicle passport) issued by the competent authorities in their Home country and can remain in any other participating GMS country for up to 30 days on each journey There is no limit to the number of cross border journeys allowed. Cabotage is not allowed. Permitted vehicles can cross borders, without paying taxes and duties and without the need for a Customs bond or guarantee, However the goods carried must follow Customs Procedures. 33

34 Next Step for CBTA What happens next? The CBTA Early Harvest was expected to operate in 2017 as soon as Lao PDR and Vietnam sign the MOU, but shifted to 1 st August 2018 Technical WG will discuss for updating the current CBTA to CBTA 02, especially amend Protocol 1 in order to add more corridors and Entry/Exit points. For Cambodia, we are almost ready, all cross border operators are informed, but they do not expect benefits!!! 34

35 Sample of TAD 35

36 Challenges in CBTA Implementation Cambodia may not have enough transport operators /trucks/buses, due to the rapid increases of quotas. Shortage of qualified Bus/Truck Drivers. Current GMS Transport corridors in Cambodia are narrow, mostly 2 lanes, and may be difficult to accommodate many vehicles from all contracting parties More road accidents, More road damage, No mutual agreement on Technical Standards of Vehicles Example: Max. length of Single Articulated truck (Semitrailer): Cambodia 16.00m (Trailer 18.00m) China 18.10m (Trailer 22.00m) Laos PDR 16.00m (Trailer 19.00m) Vietnam up to 20.00m Thailand 13.60m? 36

37 Challenges in CBTA Implementation (Con t ) Very limited corridors for Cambodia Latest GMS Corridor Map for CBTA Early Harvest 37

38 B.3 ASEAN Transport Facilitation Agreements To facilitate the seamless movement of goods in the region, ASEAN has concluded the 3 transport facilitation agreements as follows: ASEAN Framework Agreement on the Facilitation of Goods in Transit (AFAFGIT), signed in September 1999 Under preparation for Pilot implementation by 3 countries, Malaysia Singapore Thailand and being rolling out to CLMV this year. ASEAN Framework Agreement on Multimodal Transport (AFAMT) signed in November 2005 Not implemented yet ASEAN Framework Agreement on Facilitation of Inter State Transport (AFAFIST), signed in December 2009 Not implemented yet A new Agreement for Facilitation of Cross Border Transport of Passengers by Road Vehicles (CBTP) was signed in Oct/17 in Singapore during the 23 rd ATM Meeting 38

39 What UNESCAP can help CLMV-T countries to further promote the Transport Facilitation in the Sub-region? 39

40 Thank you for your attention 40