Index. Page references for notes are followed by n and the note number, eg, 148n6

Transcription

1 Index Page references for notes are followed by n and the note number, eg, 148n6 ad personam laws, 252 Adornato, Ferdinando, 109, 114n4 7, 68, 70, 106 Air France-KLM, 36, Alfano, Angelino, 240 Alfieri, Marco, 94 Algeria, 72, 80n10 Alitalia, 36, 63, 142 4, 148n6, Alleanza Lombarda, 85 Alleanza Nazionale (AN), 110, 114, 114n8, election, 95, 201 candidate selection, 216 in CdL, 29, 103, 109 and La Destra, 129 and PdL, 6, 14, 112, 118, 123, 128, 129, 193, portfolios, 237, 239 Allen, George, Alliance for Good Government, 122 alliance formation, 6 7, , 132, 244 and 2008 elections, and government formation, party-system restructuring, restructuring , see also centre left; centre right Alternativa Sociale Fiamma Tricolore, 201 Amato government, 7, 33, 229, 238 Americanisation, 27 8, 40 Angius, Gavino, 89 Australia, 66 Austria, 50 Autonomy Liberty Democracy, 197, 199 Avvenire, 153, 161 Azerbaijan, 80n10 Ban Ki-Moon, 68 Basilicata, 198 Belgium, 50, 60n7, 203 Belluati, M., 251 Berlusconi, Silvio, 1, 102, election, election, 9, 30, 86, 93 Alitalia, 143, 144 Circoli della Libertà, 128 conflicts of interest, 40, 241, constitutional reform, 249 election campaign, 37, 137, 138, 147 electoral platform, 140 Facebook, 174 foreign policy, 78 garbage crisis, 36 general-election call, 106 individualism, 38 and Lista per la vita, 93 and Martino, 70 media campaign, 96, 155, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 167, 168 9n16 Middle East, 69 nuclear energy, 72 PdL, 6, 14, 98, 103, , 122, 127 8, 129, 195, 204, 231 personalisation, 159 and political context, 28, 29 and small parties, 31 2 spallata, 34, 40, 102, 104 5, 107 8, 112, 127 and UDC, 31, 207 Vicenza base, 67 YouTube, 176 7, 186 Berlusconi government (first), 29, 229, 238 Berlusconi government (second), 7 8, 238 Berlusconi government (third), 229, 238 foreign policy, 63, 64, 69 labour-market policy, 56, 93 tax reform, 52 Berlusconi government (fourth), 198 allocation of portfolios, 233, , 246 performance and prospects, size, 238 strategic plan, 37 8 tax reform,

2 256 Index Bersani, Pierluigi, 32 Bersani Laws, 52 3 Berselli, Edmondo, 243 Bertinotti, Fausto Alitalia, 143 Facebook, 174 media campaign, 160, 162 as President of the Chamber of Deputies, 96 7 La Sinistra L Arcobaleno, 89 and Veltroni, 13 Betori, Giuseppe, 146 Biagi law, 56 Bianchi, Alessandro, 66 Bicameral Commission for Constitutional Reform, 248, 251 bipolarism, 27, 124, 132, PD, 88, 97 see also fragmented bipolarism Blair, Tony, 69, 90, blogs, 177 Bonaiuti, Paolo, 99n4 Bondi, Sandro, 240 Bonino, Emma, 70, 160 Borderline (LN), , 181, Boselli, Enrico, 87, 90 Bossi, Umberto general-election call, 106 and PdL, 14, 109, 131 portfolio, 239 Brambilla, Michela, 107, 112, 128 Brazil, 77 Britain, see United Kingdom Brunetta, Renato, 241 2n5 budget deficit, 48 52, 60n8 Bulgaria, Kosovo, 74 Bush, George W., 69, 174, 175 Calderoli, Roberto, 35, 239 Calearo, Massimo, 93 4, 218 Calise, M., 159 Cameron, David, 173 Campania, 36, 62, 63, 79n2 Campus, Donatella, 85 6 candidate selection, 39 40, 93 4, Carfagna, Mara, 235 Casa delle Libertà, 85, 102, 103 4, 105 6, election, 86, 200 Casini, Pierferdinando 1994 election, 29 and CdL, 105, 106, 127 decision to run alone, 131 electoral law, 232 ethical issues, 232 Facebook, 174 media campaign, 160, 162 nuclear energy, 72 and PdL, 31, 108, 138 Veltrusconismo, 183 Casta, La (Rizzo and Stella), 155, 226n2 Catholic Church, 27, 29 ethical issues, 144 6, 232 and Middle East, 69 and Radicals, 91, 130 reactionary moralism, 38 solidarity, 41 Cavazza, N., 245 CdL, see Casa delle Libertà centre left results, 244, election, election, regional elections, election, election, 8 9, 30, election, 1, 26, 31, 96 9, 198, 200, alliance formation, 7, 122, 196, 245 break with far left, Chamber of Deputies, 196, 197, 201 cultural factors, 245 and electoral law, 8 ethical issues, 145 foreign policy, 63 loss of public support, 85 6 Northern question, 93 5 novelty effect, 92 3 in pursuit of the centrist vote, 88 9 and Radicals, 90 1 Senate, 198, 199 two-party format, 91 Veltronification, 95 6 see also Partito Democratico centre right, 26, results, 244, election, election, election, election, 1, 31, 96, 193, 198, 200

3 Index 257 centre right continued alliance formation, 6, 13 14, 122, 196 Berlusconi, Chamber of Deputies, 196, 197, 201, 202 election campaign, 93 ethical issues, 145 extreme components, 90 fragmentation, 86 North, 94 5, 98 and Northern League, 91 PdL and final spallata, political climate, 41 Senate, 198, 199 spallata and death of CdL, under-representation in opinion polls, 158 see also Popolo della Libertà centrism and PD, 88 9, 90, 98 see also UDC Chamber of Deputies, election, 85, 86, election, 1, 120, 196, 197, 198 coalitions, electoral law, 3 4, 30 1, 208n1 fall of Prodi government, 41 IdV, 96 parties, 203, 204 SA, 96 Ulivo, 88 vote and list differences, 201 see also parliamentarians Chiaramonte, Alessandro, 85 China, 44, 77 Chiuariu, Tudor Alexandru, 76 Christian Democrats, 5, 27, 124, 213 in centre-right coalition, 110 disintegration, 28, 29 and Partito Popolare, 87 Christian Democrats for Regional Autonomy (CDA), 129, 237 Church, see Catholic Church CIACE (Comitato interministeriale per gli affari comunitari europei), 71 Ciampi, Carlo Azeglio, 32 3 Ciampi government, 33 Ciarrapico, Giuseppe, 90 Circoli della Libertà, 107, 112, 128 CO.R.EL 2008, 10 coalitions, see alliance formation Colaninno, Matteo, 218 Communist Party, see Partito Comunista Italiano Communist Refoundation, see Rifondazione Comunista competitiveness, 54 Conferenza Episcopale Italiana (CEI), 146 Confindustria, 103 Constitution, 2 3 foreign policy, 64, 67, 79n3 President and Prime Minister, Corbetta, P., 245 Corriere della Sera, 103 Cotta, M., 228 Craxi, Bobo, 85 crime, 140, 166 Critical Left, see Sinistra Critica Crozza, M., 169n17 cuneo fiscale, 54 Cyprus, 50, 71, 74 D-FT, see La Destra-Fiamma Tricolore Daisy, see Margherita Dal Molin airport, 63, 67 D Alema, Massimo, 68 constitutional reform, 248 government, 7 Iraq, 65 Kosovo, 73, 74 Lebanon, 70 Middle East, 68, 69 Senate foreign-policy debate, 63, 67 8 and Ulivo, 87 D Alema government, 229, 238 D Alimonte, Roberto, 97 De Mita, Ciriaco, 93, 161, 216 decree law, dell Utri, Marcello, 107 Democratic Left, see Sinistra Democratica Democratic Party, see Partito Democratico Democratic Party of the Left, see Partito Democratico della Sinistra Democratic Union for Europe, 129, 130, 195, election, 8, 32, 201 Democratici (Democrats), 87, 95

4 258 Index Democratici di Sinistra, 5, election, election, 8, 86, 87 left-wing faction, and Margherita, 13, 31, 87 8, 118, 128, 195 and SD, 13 Uniti nell Ulivo, 87 Veltroni, 92 see also Partito Democratico della Sinistra Democrazia Cristiana (DC), see Christian Democrats La Destra, 14, 98, 129, 131 La Destra-Fiamma Tricolore, 118, 121, 122, 131, 195 Senate, 198, 199 YouTube, 176 Destra Sociale, 232 Di Pietro, Antonio, 14, 37, 121 Alitalia, anti-berlusconi campaign, 92 3 and centre-left coalition, 91 web-based politics, 173 4, 177, 179 Diamanti, Ilvo, 98 Diliberto, Oliviero, 89 Dimas, Stavros, 63 Dini, Lamberto 2006 election, 32 Liberal Democrats, 129 and PdL, 14, 40 and President, 234 and Prodi government, 35, 112, 231 Dini government, 229, 238 Dov è la vittoria?, 1 DS, see Democratici di Sinistra Economist, 142 economy, 2, 43, 249 between stagflation and income inequality, 44 5 competitiveness and the Mezzogiorno, 54 election campaign, 138, 147 election manifestos, 54 8, helping the right, 58 9 labour market, 48, 49 liberalisation, 52 3 media, 166 production and prices, 45 6 public finances, trade balance, 47 welfare, employment and social cohesion, 53 4 Edwards, John, 174 election campaign, 147 8, 248 agenda in media, Alitalia, Berlusconi, 37 centre left, 39, 92 3 economic context, 44 5 electoral platforms and the Veltrusconi hypothesis, ethical issues, foreign policy, 79 immigration, 74, 76 Internet, leaders media campaigns, in media, 150 8, 167 nuclear energy, 72 Veltronification, 95 6, YouTube, election manifestos, 54, ethical issues, 145 fiscal federalism, 57 8 fiscal policy, 54 5 labour market, 55 7 election results, 193 4, centre left, 96 9 Chamber and Senate, 196 8, 199 distribution of seats, 26 and government formation, lists and coalitions, 120 2, 198, and new party system, electoral law, election, 30 1 centre right, 232 Chamber of Deputies, 3 4 CO.R.EL 2008, 10 and party-system fragmentation, 86, reform, 6, 7 8, 27, 208 9n1 Senate, 3 5, 194 Veltroni, 35 6, 39 Electoral Tribune, 163 Elezioni Politiche 2008!, 177, 188n11 Emilia Romagna, 94, 96, 198 employment, see labour market employment rate, 48, 49

5 Index 259 energy, 72 3 ethical issues, 93, 106, 144 6, 232 Euro, 30, 33, 47, 141 European Democracy, 121 European Parliament elections, 11, 123, 132 European Republican Movement, see Movimento Repubblicani Europei European Union, 70 2 energy policy, 72, 73 garbage crisis, 63, 79n2 ideas and attitudes, 76 8 immigration, 75, 76 vincolo esterno, 64 Fabbrica del programma, 139, 148 Facebook, 174, 187n6 Famiglia Cristiana, 145, 161 Family Day rally, 93 far left, see left Fassino, Piero, 160 Fear and Hope (Tremonti), 38, 76, 77 8, 94 5 Federazione dell Ulivo (Federation of the Olive-tree Alliance), 87 Ferragutti, Paola, 94 Ferrara, Giuliano, 93, 146, 160, 162 Ferrero, Paolo, 66, 74 FI, see Forza Italia Fiat, 33 Fini, Gianfranco 7 and Berlusconi, 109 and CdL, 105 and centre left, 110 elected President of the Chamber of Deputies, 233, 237 general-election call, 106 media campaign, 160 Middle East, 69 and PdL, 14, 108 9, 112, 127, 128, 130, 138, 204 spallata, 108 Finland, 49, 50 fiscal policy, see tax Fiumicino airport, 142, 143 Follini, Marco, Fondo Aree Sottosviluppate, 54 Fondo per le Aree Sottoutilizzate, 54 foreign policy, 62 5, 78 9 EU context and energy, 70 3 ideas and attitudes, 76 8 immigrants, 74 6 Iraq and Afghanistan, Lebanon and the Middle East, Kosovo, 73 4 Forza Italia, 6, 102, 110, 114, 114n election, election, 86, 103, 109, 201 candidate selection, 216 clubs, 107 electoral fraud allegations, 36 in PdL, 14, 31, 108, 118, 123, 193, portfolios, 237 8, spallata, 103 fragmentation, 203, 205 6, , 225 fragmented bipolarism, 118, , 206 France 2007 presidential election, 148, 149n8, 174 economy, 45, 46 Lebanon, 65 party system, 125, 204, 205 public finances, 49, 50 Franceschini, Dario, 88, 90 Frattini, Franco, 75, 240 Freedom Alliance, 122 Friuli-Venezia Giulia, centre left, 94 garbage crisis, 36, 62, 63, 79n2, 222, 250 gas, 72, 80n10 Gasparri, Maurizio, 160 GDP, 2, 45 Gelmini, Mariastella, 235, 240 general election (1948), 213 general election (1994), 29 general election (1996), 29, 32 general election (2001), 30, 87 general election (2006), 1, 30 1, 32 aftermath, centre left, 4, 8 9, 11, 87 centre right, 95, 102, DS, 87 electoral law, 8 fraud claims, 36 Margherita, 87 8 result, 18n1, 26, 85, 86 Rosa nel Pugno, 90

6 260 Index general election (2008), 243 candidate selection, 93 4, coalitions and lists, opinion polls, 26 political context, 31 2 see also election campaign; election manifestos; election results Germany 2005 federal election, 19n6 economy, 45, 46 party system, 125, 204, 205 public finances, 50 Giornale, il, 152 globalisation, 38, 58 9, 77, 78 government formation, 228 9, and allocation of portfolios, election outcome, pre-election coalitions, Greece Kosovo, 74 public finances, 49, 50, 60n7 Greens 2006 election, election, 122 alliance formation, 130 Chamber of Deputies, 201, 202 energy, 72, 78 La Sinistra L Arcobaleno, 13, 90 waste management, 78 Grillo, Beppe, 36, 40, 155, 167n5, 173, 183 Gruppo di riflessione strategica, 76 7 Gruppo Misto, 1, 120, 226n5 gypsy encampments, 40, 41 Hamas, 69 Hezbollah, 64, 65 6 Holland, see the Netherlands House of Freedoms, see Casa delle Libertà I am PD, 177 9, 180 3, IdV, see Italia dei Valori immigration, 37, 40, 41, 74 6, 111, 140, 250 Imposta Comunale sugli Immobili (ICI), 55, 59 Imposta Regionale sulle Attività Produttive (IRAP), 55 Imposta sul Reddito delle Persone Fisiche (IRPEF), 52, 54 5, 57 Imposta sul Reddito delle Società (IRES), 54 income inequality, 44 India, 44, 77 insecurity, 166, 245 Internet, see also YouTube Iraq, 64, 65, 67, 68, 70 Ireland, 49, 50 Israel 1981 Knesset election, 19n6 and Hezbollah, 64, 65 6 and Palestinians, 68 9 party fragmentation, 203 Istituto Nazionale della Previdenza Sociale (INPS), 53, 54 Italia dei Valori, 1, 40, election, 8, election, 26, 96, 97, 120, 231, 244 groups, 124 as opposition, 224, 226n9 and PD, 14, 31, 91, 130, 193, 195 in Prodi s coalition, 85 Second Life, 173, 179 YouTube, 176 Italian Communist Party, see Partito Comunista Italiano Italian Democratic Socialists, see Socialisti Democratici Italiani Italian Renewal, see Rinnovamento Italiano Italian Social Movement, see Movimento Sociale Italiano Italian Socialist Party, see Partito Socialista Italiano Italian transition, Italians resident abroad, 1, 4, 196, 197, 198, 199 Italy of Values, see Italia dei Valori Japan, 45 Karzai, Hamid, 68 Kosovo, 68, 73 4

7 Index 261 La Russa, Iganzio, 240 labour market, 48, 49, 53 election manifestos, 55 7 Prodi government actions, 53 4 Lebanon, 64, 65 6, 68, 70, 79n6 left, 86, 130, 132, election, 96, 121 2, 230 and centre left, 89 90, 97, 98 see also La Sinistra L Arcobaleno Left Democrats, see Democratici di Sinistra Lega Nord, 1, 94, 114n4, election, election, election, 26, 96, 120, 200, 230, 231, 244 Alitalia, 143 and Berlusconi, 37, 107 and Berlusconi government, in centre-right coalition, 6, 103, 110, cultural factors, 245 female parliamentarians, 218 fiscal federalism, 57 in government, 121 gypsy encampments, 41 immigration, 40 office holders, 215 and PdL, 31, 90, 91, 98, 112, 129, 131, 193, 195, portfolios, 237, 239, 240, 241n4 territory, 123 votes, 121 voting against government, 222 YouTube, 175, 176, Liberal Democratici, 14, 129 liberalisation, 33 4, 52 3 Liberazione, 153 Libero, 152 Libya, 72 Lieberman, Joe, 175 Liga Fronte Veneto, 85 Lista per la vita, 93 lists, 4, 93 4, LN, see Lega Nord local elections (2007), 105, 106 Lombardy Alitalia, 142, 143 centre left, 94 fiscal federalism, 57 Luxembourg, 50 majority premium, 4 5, 8, 10, 30 1, 208n1, 230 Malpensa airport, 36, 142, Malta, 50 Manifesto, il, 153 Marche, 94, 198 Margherita 2006 election, 8 in centre-left coalition, 87 8 and DS, 13, 87, 88, 118, 128, 195 and Left Democrats, 31 and Radicals, 91, 130 Marini, Franco, 11 Maroni, Roberto, 239, 240 Maroni reform, 53 Martino, Antonio, 70 Mastella, Clemente, 19n6, 32, 40, 133n5, 231 Family Day, 106 and Prodi government, 9 10, 35, 112 Romanians, 75 6 `Matrix, 161, 163 Mauro, Ezio, 113 media Americanisation of politics, 28 Berlusconi, 114 Circoli della Libertà, 107 election agenda, election campaign, 150 1, 167 leaders election campaigns, par condicio law, 111 poor visibility of election campaign, Prodi government, 9 see also Internet Meloni, Giorgia, 235 members of parliament, see parliamentarians `Menomale che Silvio c é, 176 7, 180 Mentana, Enrico, 161 Merkel, Angela, 68, 174 Mezzogiorno, 54, 200 Middle East, 68 9 see also Lebanon Milan, 96 Malpensa airport, 36, 142, 143 4

8 262 Index Mills, David, 241, 252n4 Mixed Group, see Gruppo Misto Molise, Senate, 5 Movimento per l Autonomia (MPA), 120 and PdL, 131, 194, 195, 226n5 territory, 123 Movimento Repubblicani Europei, 87 Movimento Sociale Fiamma Tricolore (MS-FT), 121, 131 Movimento Sociale Italiano (MSI), 110 multipolarity, Mussi, Fabio, 89, 90 Mussolini, Alessandra, 90, 112 Naples, 40, 63, 222, 250 Napolitano, Giorgio dissolution of Parliament, 36, 106, 229 election, 3 government formation, Prodi s temporary resignation, 68 National Alliance, see Alleanza Nazionale the Netherlands public finances, 49, 50 newspapers election agenda, 164 election campaign, 151 3, 154 prime-ministerial candidates, 160, 162 Newsweek, 93, 141 2, 250 North, 94 5, 98, 143 Northern League (NL), see Lega Nord Norway, 72 nuclear energy, 72 Obama, Barack, 159, 163 Occhetto, Achille, 236 oil prices, 44, 47, 59, 60nn5,15 Olive-tree/Olive-tree Alliance, see Ulivo opinion polls, 26, 41, 86, 99n1, 155 8, 168n7 Italian citizens priorities, Veltroni, 95 `Otto e mezzo, 163 Padoa-Schioppa, Tommaso, 32 3 Palestinians, 68, 69 par condicio law, 111, 161, 163, 168n11, 175, 187n8 Parisi, Arturo, 67 Parlato, Valentino, 97 Parliament, , fragmentation, majority and opposition, party system, see also Chamber of Deputies; Senate parliamentarians age, 39 40, 216 female, occupational backgrounds, 218, office holders, turnover and circulation, 216, 217 Partito Comunista dei Lavoratori, 121, 122, 202 Partito Comunista Italiano, 5, 11, 87, 130, 213, 228 electoral law, 27 local government, 32 transformation, 28 Partito dei Comunisti Italiani, election, 8, 122 alliance formation, 130 Chamber of Deputies, 201, 202 peacekeeping missions, 78 La Sinistra L Arcobaleno, 13, 90 Partito della Libertà, 107 see also Popolo della Libertà Partito Democratico, 1, 11 13, 31, 86, 87 8, 111, 118, 126, 127, 128, 195 alliance formation, 132 candidate selection, , 218, 220 centrist vote, 88 9 decision to run alone, 132, 193 economy, 58 9 election campaign, 248 election of leader, election manifesto, election result, 96, 97 9, 120, 202 3, 231, 244 ethical issues, and far left, 39, 90 female parliamentarians, 218

9 Index 263 Partito Democratico continued fiscal federalism, 57 8 fiscal policy, 54 5 foreign policy, 79 and IdV, 14, 91, 130 immigration, 41 labour-market policy, 55 7 lists, 93 4 novelty effect, 92 3, 98 9, 114n5 parliamentary questions, and Radicals, 90 1, 124, 130, 145 shadow cabinet, structure, style of opposition, 41 web site, 171 YouTube, 176, Partito Democratico della Sinistra, 5, 29, 87, 94 see also Democratici di Sinistra Partito Pensionati, 85, 201 Partito Popolare, 87 Partito Popolare Italiano, 121, 127 Partito Socialista, 8, 27, 85, 89, 121, 130 YouTube, 176 Partito Socialista Italiano, 130 Party of Italian Communists, see Partito dei Comunisti Italiani party system, 5 7, 23 4, 202 8, paura e la speranza, La (Tremonti), 38, 76, 77 8, 94 5 PCdL, see Partito Comunista dei Lavoratori PCI, see Partito Comunista Italiano PD, see Partito Democratico PdCI, see Partito dei Comunisti Italiani PdL, see Popolo della Libertà PDS, see Partito Democratico della Sinistra Pensioners Party, 85, 201 People of Freedom, see Popolo della Libertà People s Party, see Partito Popolare Per il bene dell Italia (Unione), 85 6 personalisation, 6, 27, 28, 79, 95 6, 159 Piedmont, 91, 94 political parties Americanisation, 27 centre left, centre right, Parliament, 213 system, 5 7, 23 4, 202 8, Popolari, 131 Popolo della Libertà, 1, 14, 31, 41, 98, 102, , 118, 126, 195, 231 alliance formation, 130 1, candidate selection, 216, 218, 219, 220 economy, 58 9 election manifesto, election result, 120, 202 3, 231 ethical issues, 146 fiscal federalism, 57 fiscal policy, 55 foreign policy, 79 in government, 121 immigration, 76 labour-market policy, 56 7 parliamentary questions, 224 structure, unity, 249, 250 YouTube, `Porta a porta, 161, 168 9n16 Portugal, 49, 50 PPI, see Partito Popolare Italiano premio di maggioranza, see majority premium President, 3, 27, presidentialisation, 27, 39, Prestigiacomo, Stefania, 108, 235 Previti, Cesare, 111 prices, 44, 46 primary elections, 7, 87, 95 `prime cose da fare, Le, 177 Prime Minister, 3, 229, print media, see newspapers privatisation, 33 Prodi, Romano, 40, election, 93, 103, 104 campaign bus, 167n4 Catholic-democratic tradition, 32 centre-left coalition, 7 Democratici, 87 and EU, 70 Hamas, 69 Iraq, 65 Kosovo, 74 PD, 11

10 264 Index Prodi, Romano continued primary elections, 95 temporary resignation, 10, 63, 68 united centre left, 87 Prodi government (first), 29 30, 229, 238, 239 Prodi government (second), 30, 32 4 Alitalia, 143 collapse, 7 11, 34 7, 112, 229 competitiveness and the Mezzogiorno, 54 EU context and energy, 70 3 foreign policy, 63 4, 78 immigration, 74 6 Iraq and Afghanistan, Lebanon and the Middle East, Kosovo, 73 4 liberalisation, 52 3 and media, 250 opinion polls, public finances, 50 2 size and composition, 235, 238, 239 spallata, 102 5, welfare, employment and social cohesion, 53 4 Progressisti, 122 PS, see Partito Socialista public finances, 48 52, 60n8 Quadro Strategico Nazionale per la Politica Regionale di Sviluppo, 54 radical left, see left Radicals 2006 election, 8 and PD, 14, 31, 90 1, 93, 124, 130, 145 Vicenza base, 67 Rainbow Left, see La Sinistra L Arcobaleno Rajoy, Mariano, 173 `Rapporto 2020 (MAE), 76 RC, see Rifondazione Comunista Reggiani, Giovanni, 74 5 regime transition, regional elections (2000), 30 regional elections (2005), 87 regions fiscal federalism, 57 8 pay differences, 56 Senate seats, 4 5 Repubblica, la, 153, 155 Republican Party, 27 Rete, 4 Channel, 241 `Rialzati Italia!, 177 Ricolfi, Luca, 86, 94 Rifondazione Comunista, election, 8, 96, 122 in centre-left coalition, 29, 85 Chamber of Deputies, 201, 202 peacekeeping missions, 78 La Sinistra L Arcobaleno, 13, 90, 130 split, 30 Turigliatto s expulsion, 79n8 Right, see La Destra The Right-the Tricoloured Flame, see La Destra-Fiamma Tricolore Rinnovamento Italiano, 87 Rizzo, Sergio, 155, 226n2 Robin Hood Tax, 59, 60n15 Roma, 40, 41, 75 Romania immigration, 74 6 Kosovo, 74 Rome Fiumicino airport, 142, 143 gangs, 40 Roncarolo, F., 251 Rosa bianca, 131, 133n7, 195 Rosa nel Pugno (Rose in the Fist), 90, 91, 130, 201 Rossi, Fernando, 67, 79n8 Rotondi, Gianfranco, 14, 112 Royal, Ségolène, 148, 149n8, 174 Russia economy, 44, 77 gas supplies, 72 Kosovo, 73, 74 Rutelli, Francesco, 7, 87, 93, 95 SA, see La Sinistra L Arcobaleno Sacconi, Maurizio, 240 Salvati, Michele, 94 Santanchè, Daniela, 98, 160, 162, 174 Sarkozy, Nicolas, 148, 149n8, 174 Sartori, Giovanni, 98, 124 5, 126, 137 Sbarbati, Luciana, 87 SC, see Sinistra Critica Scajola, Claudio, 240 Scalfaro, Oscar Luigi, 234

11 Index 265 Scanio, Alfonso, 66 Schifani, Renato, 238 Schofield, N., 228 SD, see Sinistra Democratica SDI, see Socialisti Democratici Italiani Second Life, 173, 179 Segni Pact, 121 Senate, election, 30, 85, 86, result, 1, 120, 194, 198, 199 coalitions, lists and parties, electoral law, 3 5, 31, 194, 208 9n1 foreign-policy debate, 63, 67 8 President, 237 SA, 96 Ulivo, 88 Sened, I., 228 Serbia, 71, 73 4 shadow cabinet, 222 3, 226n8, `Si può fare 2008 (PD), 179, 180 Sicily, 94, 98, 123, 131, 198 La Sinistra L Arcobaleno, 13, 89 90, 130, 195, 230, 202 election result, 96 7, 118, 122, 209n4, 244 Senate, 198, 199 YouTube, 176 Sinistra Critica, 121, 122, 202 Sinistra Democratica, 13, 89 90, 122, 130 Sinti, 75 Sky TV, 163, 168n15 Slovakia, 50, 74 small- and medium-sized enterprises, 94, 95 Social Democrats, 27 Social Right, see Destra Sociale Socialist Party, see Partito Socialista Socialisti Craxi, 201 Socialisti Democratici Italiani, 87, 89, 90 Sole, 24 Ore, il, 153 South, 54, 200 Spain 2008 premiership election, 173, 179 economy, 45, 46 Kosovo, 74 party system, 204, 205 public finances, 49, 50 spallata, 102 5, 107 8, 112 stagflation, 44 Stella, Gian Antonio, 155, 226n2 Storace, Francesco, 112 Struttura di missione per le procedure di infrazione, 71 Studio Aperto, 151 Südtirolervolkspartei (SVP), 196 Senate, 198, 199 Tadić, Boris, 74 Tariceanu, Calin Popescu, 75 Tavolo Turchia, 71 tax Berlusconi government, 59 centre right, 95 election manifestos, 54 5 fiscal federalism, 57 8 Prodi government actions, 52, 54 tax evasion, 33, 51, 55 taxi drivers, 33 4, 52 television Americanisation of politics, 28 debates, 96 election agenda, 164, election campaign, 151, 152, 161, 163, 164, 168 9n16 prime-ministerial candidates, 160 web TV, 171 and YouTube, 186 Toscana, 94, 198 trade balance, 45, 46, 47 Trattamento di Fine Rapporto (TFR), 54, 60n11 Tremonti, Giulio, 59, 240 La paura e la speranza, 38, 76, 77 8, 94 5 Trentino Alto-Adige, Senate, 5 tripolarism, 124 Turigliatto, Franco, 67, 79n8 Turkey, 71 turnout, 122 UDC, 1, 118, 125, 131 2, election, election, 120, 121, 196, 202, 231, 244 and CdL, 105 6, 109 in centre-right coalition, 6, 103, 111, 128, 129

12 266 Index UDC continued decision to run alone, 14, 112, 114, 132 exclusion from PdL, 31, 98, 194, 195, 207, 208, parliamentary questions, 224 Senate, 198, 199 splits, and Veltroni, 35, 36 Vicenza base, 67 YouTube, 175, 176 UDEUR, see Democratic Union for Europe Ulivo, 11, 87, 88, 122, 127, 201 Umbria, 94, 198 UNAMA (United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan), 67, 68 unemployment rate, 48, 49 UNIFIL (United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon), 66, 70, 79n6 Unione, 87, election, 32, 86, 200 diversity, 85 6 election manifesto, 139, 148 Unione Democratici per l Europa, see Democratic Union for Europe Unione di Centro, see UDC Unità, L, 153 United Kingdom economy, 45 party system, 204, 205 United Nations General Assembly, 64 United Nations Security Council, 64 United States 2000 presidential election, 19n presidential election, 172 economy, 44, 45 and Middle East, 69 Vicenza base, 63, 67 see also Americanisation Uniti nell Ulivo, 87, 97 Valle d Aosta, 4, 197 Vallee d Aoste, 198, 199 Vantina, Andrea, 176 Veltroni, Walter Alitalia, candidate selection, centrist vote, 88 constitutional reform, 249 decision to run alone, 38 9, , 132, 147, 195, 207, 230, 231 elected as leader, 35, 129, 195 election campaign, 39, 92, 137 8, 147, 248 election result, 97 electoral law, 35, 36 electoral platform, 140 Facebook, 174 Internet, 177 list of candidates, 93 media campaign, 154, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163 4, 165, 167, 168 9n16 novelty effect, 92, 98, 114n5 as opposition, PD, 11 14, 31, 88, 111 popularity and campaign focus, 95 6 prospective election campaign, 194 and Radicals, 93 Romanians, 75 shadow cabinet, 222, 235 and small parties, 31 2 and Ulivo, 87 YouTube, 179 Veltrusconismo, 93, 183 Veneto, 40, 41n2, 94 Veronesi, Umberto, 161 Verzichelli, L., 228 Vicenza, 63, 67 vincolo esterno, 64, 73 Visco, Vincenzo, 32 von Beyme, K., 125 web sites, see Internet welfare, 53 4 White rose, see Rosa bianca women candidates, 93 election manifestos, 55 6 employment rate, 48 parliamentarians, in post-war Italian governments, 235, 238, 239 Workers Communist Party, see Partito Comunista dei Lavoratori YouTube, 172 5, 186 7, 187n election, comments, Zapatero, José Luis, 90, 173, 179