Index. Cambridge University Press Britain and Indian Nationalism: The Imprint of Ambiguity D.A. Low.

Transcription

1 Abdul Ghaffar Khan 128-9,152,159,169, 241 African nationalist movements 6-7,8,37,69 AICC (All India Congress Committee) 41 and Congress office acceptance 272, 273,275,276, and the Second World War 299 Aiyar, Ramaswamy 168 Alexander, Horace 56,58,70 Ali, Shaukat 202 All India Congress Committee see AICC All-India Federation 28,34,121,269, ,245,296,306 and the Second World War 308 All-India Muslim League see Muslim League Allenby, Field Marshal Lord 21,24 ambiguity/ambivalence of the British 71, 120,130,132,344 and Congress office acceptance (1937) 277,282-3 and Gandhi 182,184,238 and the Gandhi-Emerson talks (1930) 135-6,148, and Indian independence 341 Amery, Leopold ,312,313,320 and the Attlee memorandum (1942) 336 and the Bombay Conference (1941) 321-2,323,325-7 (1941-2) proposals 333-4,335-6 Amritsar Congress (1919) 180 Andrews, Rev. Charlie 58,70,160,183, 203,205,236 Aney, M.S ,224,226,232 Ansari, Dr M. A. 41,54,70,202,219,272 Assam Congress government in (1938) 285 and the Irwin declaration (1929) 64 Atlantic Charter Attlee, Clement 304,328,329,334-5,336, 337 Australia 19,22,35,42 Azad, Maulana 202,285,311,328,338 Baldwin, Stanley 3,32-3 Balfour, Arthur 35 Balfour Report (1926) 22,42-3 Bardoli affair, and the Gandhi-Emerson talks (1931) 162,163-4,165,167, 168,169-70,171 Bengal and the Bombay Conference (1941) 326 Congress campaigns 129 Congress government in (1937) 285, DCCs (District Congress Committees) 254 PCC (Provincial Congress Committee) 252,254 Bevin, Ernest 328,329,331 Bhadrapur (Collector of Kheda) 158,165 Bihar Congress government in (1937-8) 285, 290-2,294 DCC (District Congress Committees) 252 PCCs, and office acceptance 274 Provincial Kisan Sabha 254 Birkenhead, Frederick Edward Smith, 1st Earl of 1,120 Birla, G.D. 57,70,165,293,317 Bombay Congress government in (1937) 285 PCCs, and office acceptance (1937) 274 Bombay Conference (1941) Bose, Subhas Chandra 42,43,52,53,59, 60,61,70,129 conflict with Congress (1939) 297 and the execution of Bhagat Singh 137, 138 and the Forward Bloc

2 350 Brabourne Lord (Governor of Bombay) British Commonwealth of Nations 22,25, 27,43,343 British Empire decolonisation process Dominions ('white' colonies) 19,21-2, 24,25,26 and Egypt 6,21,24,25,26,27 in India and indigenous rulers 28-9 and Ireland 22-4,25,26,27 and leading local figures post-second World War Brockway, Fenner 58,64,70 Butler, R.A. 36,340 Cabinet Committee on India (1942) 336, 337 'Cambridge School' 4 Canada 18,19,22,32,33,42 Ceylon 119,342 Chattopadya, Kamaladevi 250 Chiang Kai-shek 174,175,176,178,186, 332 China 8,174-5,176,178,237 and Indian independence 332 Sian Incident (1936) 178 Churchill, Winston 3,17,32,33,119,309, 310,311 and the Atlantic Charter (1941) and the Bombay Conference (1941) 321-2,323 and the Cripps negotiations (1942) 338 proposals 335-6,337 Sapru's telegram to (1942) 303-5,330-3 reply Civil Disobedience 1,2,30,32,33,36-7, 41 and the boycott of foreign cloth 93-4,97, 115 and the Emergency Powers Ordinance (1932) 182,183,190,197-8 ending of first movement (1931) 121,122 and Gandhi 1,2,30,33, 68,184,185, 192-8, 'individual' campaign 231,233,234, 237 release from prison 222-6,227, and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) 124, 125-6,130,131-2,178 and the Lucknow clashes of , and the Puma Swaraj decision (1929) 42, 68 and the Salt Satyagraha (1930) 72-3, 94,97 second movement (1932-4) 169,174, 177,178-9,181 collapse of (1933-4) 243,247,248, 258,270,315 and Gandhi's Untouchability (Harijan) campaign Clow, Sir Andrew 325 Communists in China 174-5,178 Congress see Indian National Congress Conservative Party (British) and Civil Disobedience in India 33 and constitutional reform in India 17, 305 and India policy 305,307,310,311 and Irish 'Home Rule' 23 and the Second World War, outbreak of 307,308 constitutional reform India 1,3,17,237 see also Round Table Conferences Coupland, Professor Sir Reginald 313 CP (Central Provinces), Congress government in 285,294 Crerar, Sir James (Home Member) 161, 162 Cripps, Sir Stafford 2,34,261,262,305, 309 Cripps negotiations (1942) 180-1,305, ,342 Curtin,John35 Curzon, George Nathaniel, Marquis Curzon of Kedleston 21,24 Dalton, Hugh 303 Das, Biswanath 285,287 De Valera, Eamonn 23,34 Delhi Manifesto (1929) 50-2,57,59,60-4, 65 Desai, Morarji 255,320 District Congress Committees (DCCs) 251-3,254,255 Dominion Status for India 1,18,32,33-4,36, and the Nehru Committee (1928) 42 and the Second World War 312,319, 337,338 see also Irwin Declaration; Round Table Conferences for Ireland 23 Dominions ('white' colonies) 19,21-2,24, 25,26 and the Balfour Report 42-3

3 351 Doulatram, Jairamdas 250,251,255 Doyle (Inspector-General of Prisons of the Government of Bombay) 205,206, 207 Dutch see Netherlands Dwarkadas, Jamnadas 203,215,230 Eddy, Sherwood 65 Egypt 6,21,24,25,26,27 Emergency Powers Ordinance (1932) 156, 165,178,179,182,183 and the British government 190 and Civil Disobedience 182,183,190, Emerson, Sir Herbert William 148-9,187, Gandhi-Emerson talks (1931) 133-6, 138-9,141-4,145,151-3,160-2, and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931)123 and Gandhi's talks with Hailey (1931) 156 letters exchanged with Gandhi Erskine, John Francis Ashley, Lord 276, 281 Forward Bloc 313 France compared with the British Empire 18, 19,27 and Indochina (Vietnam) 13-16,17,38, 71,183,265 Frontier Province, Congress government in 285 Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand Mahatma and Britain 38-9 and the British, propaganda war with 178,180,181-2,184-6 and Civil Disobedience ( ) 1,2, 30,33,68,184,185,192-8, 'individual' satyagraha campaign (1940-1)231,233,234,237 and releasefromprison (1933) Dandi march (1930) 179,232 and the Delhi Manifesto (1929) 60-1, 62-3 and Emerson letters exchanged with see also Gandhi-Emerson talks fasts 180,181,188,189,191,199,201, Communal Award (1932) 187-9,198, 206 and releasefromprison (1933) , 221-2,226 Harijan campaign 187-9,195, , ,217,218,222,234,235 and the Indian National Congress 1,43, 69,94-5,268 and Bose 297 office acceptance (1937) 275,276, 277-9,280-1,282,283,284 and the Irwin Declaration (1929) 48, 49-50,56,58,60-1,64-5 and Jinnah meeting with Irwin (1929) 66-7 and the Nehru Committee (1928) 42 Non-Cooperation and Khilafat movement (1920-2) 30,32,79,181 in prison (1932-3) ,233-5 releasefrom ,235-7 and the Puma Swaraj decision (1929) 41, 44,46,52-3,54-61,68-9 Quit India movement (1942) 2,28,30, 35,181,183,264,339 and the Salt Satyagraha (1930) 72,97 and Sapru 316, and the Satyagraha confrontation in Lucknow, May ,114,116 and the Second Round Table Conference (1931)178-9 and the Second World War 314,330 outbreak of 298,301,307 'The Real Issue' (article in Young India) 167 Gandhi-Emerson talks (1931) 133-6, 138-9,141-4,145,151-3,160-2, Gandhi-Garrett talks (1931) Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) 32,122-32, 136-7,149-51,156,180,213 breaches of ,169 and Civil Disobedience 124,125-6,130, 131-2, and Gandhi's releasefromprison (1933) 227 and the Government of India 162-3, 166,182 and Gujerat 287 and the Indian National Congress 122, 123,126-32,139-40,143 and the renewal of Civil Disobedience (1932) 178 Garrett, J.H. (Commissioner for the Northern Division) and land confiscations 288 talks with Gandhi 144-5,146-7,148 Gaulle, Charles de Government of India Act (1919) 271

4 352 Government of India Act (1935) 2,34, 245,258,279,280,341 and the All-India Federation 243,245, 296,306 and Congress 241,243,269-71,275 provincial government 285,290,293, 294,295-6,301 Indian attitudes to 266 and the Munich crisis (1938) 298 and Nehru and the provinces ,271,282 and the Second World War 307 Graeff, Governor-General de (Dutch East Indies) 11,12,239 Gramsci, Antonio 4 Gujarat agrarian conflicts 140-1,142, ,145,146,151,158,160,164-5 and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) 122, 140 and Congress provincial government (1937-8)287-8 Gupta, C.B. 93 Gwyer, Sir Maurice 334 Gwynne, C.W, and the Lucknow Simon Commission demonstration 80-4, 85-7,88,89,90,91-2,94 Habibullah, S.M. 112,113 Haig, Sir Harry Graham 36,183,191,194, 212,225,229,230,233,343 and Congress government in UP (1937-9)285,288-9 Haig-Pant agreement 294,296 and the release of political prisoners 290-1,292,293 Hailey, Sir William Malcolm 62,112,114, 118,157,159 and agrarian conflict in UP 162,166 and the Gandhi-Emerson talks (1930) on the renewal of Civil Disobedience 174 Hallett, Sir Maurice Gamier 213,214,218, 228,233 on Gandhi's releasefromprison (1933) 236 as Governor of Bihar, and the release of political prisoners 290,291,292 and the Revolutionary Powers Ordinance (1940)312 Harijans (Untouchables) question 187-9, 195, ,207-11,212,217,218 and Gandhi's fasting 201,204-7,234, 235 and Gandhi's releasefromprison 226 Hatta, Mohammed 11,12,69,176-7, 177-8,240,259,265 HoChiMinhl,39 Hoare, Sir Samuel John Gurney 3,33,36, 183,186,187,188,190 and Civil Disobedience 231 and Gandhi's fasting 206,207,234,235 and Gandhi's imprisonment (1932-3) 191,192,193,194-6,199,200 and Gandhi's release from prison (1933) 220,221,229 and the third Round Table Conference (1932) and the Untouchability (Harijan) campaign 202,209-10,212 Hodson,H.V.313,328 Hoover, Herbert 175 Hubback Sir John Austen (Governor of Orissa) 287,293 Huq,Fazl326 Husain, Sir Fazli 209,212,228 Hussain, Ashfaq 96 Indian Defence Council 335 Indian National Congress 27 AICC (All India Congress Committee) 272,273,275,276,279-80,299 and the Bombay Conference (1941) 320, 326 and Civil Disobedience 32,79,94,247 contribution of different social groups to 3 and the Cripps negotiations (1942) 338, 339,340 District Congress Committees (DCCs) 251-3,254,255 election victories (1930s) 1-2,34,243, ,268 and the Emergency Powers Ordinance (1932) ,136,152-3,171,172 and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) 122, 123,126-32,139-40,144 'Gandhians' 248,255,257,258,259, 265 and Gandhi's leadership 69,94-5 and Gandhi's releasefromprison (1933) and the Government of India 119, , , and the Irwin declaration (1929) 45-6, 63-4 in Lucknow 78

5 353 and the clashes of May Nehru's address to (1936) 248,253, ,272-3 and the Simon Commission demonstration (1928) 86-9,90-1 Mass Contacts Committee (later Congress Constitutional Committee) 250-1,252,255,257,260,263 Nehru Committee (1928) 42,44,64,79 and office acceptance (1937) peasant and worker representation in Provincial Congress Committees (PCCs) 251,252,255 provincial government (1937-9) , and disputes over officials' pay 287 and Gujarat and political prisoners 285,286-7 resignations 301-2,307 in UP 285, and the Purna Swaraj decision (1929) 41-4 and the Quit India movement (1942) 2, 28,30,35,181,264 and the Second World War , 307,309,313-15,329,330 demand for National Government (1940-1)309, Socialists 248,250,257-8,259 and office acceptance (1937) 275-6, 277,281 strategy (1936-7) Indian Round Table Conference (1930) 32 Indian Trade Union Congress 66 Indochina 13-16,17 Indonesian nationalist movement 6,11-13, 18,37,39,69,70-1,133,176-7,183, 186,237 ambiguity of Dutch policies 258 and independence and the Japanese 265 mobilisation of popular support 265,266 nationalist debate nationalist leaders 238,271 Partindo 12,240,265 PNI Baru 12,240,259,265 and the Wild Schools Ordinance 176, 177 Ireland 32,43 Anglo-Irish Agreement (1938) 24,34 and 'Home Rule' 22-4,25,26,27 Irwin, Edward Frederick Lindley Wood, Lord 1,3,32,36,37,72,145 and the Indian National Congress meeting with Gandhi (1929) 66-7 and the Purna Swaraj decision (1929) 43, 44,45 on suppressing Congress 141 see also Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) Irwin Declaration (1929) 32,45-50,54, 56-8,60,63-5, 69-70,120-1 Ismail, Nawab Mohammed 316,318 Iyengar, Rangaswami 64,70 Iyer, Ranga 208,210 Jallianwallah Bagh massacre (1919) 110, 117 Jayakar,M.R. 121,122,168,189,316 and the Cripps negotiations (1942) 338 and Gandhi in prison (1932-3) 212, ,216 Jehangir, Sir Cowasji 170 Jinnah, Mohammed Ali 66,67,70,307, 311,314,317-18,320 and the Bombay Conference (1941) 324-5,326, Jonge, Governor-General de (Dutch East Indies) 12,177,239 Katju,DrS.N.317 Kaur, Rajkumari Amrit 317 Kelappan (associate of Gandhi), fasting by 204-5,208 Kelly, Sir Patrick Khaliquzzaman 84 Khan, Sir Zafrullah 325 Khare,N.R.285,294 Kher,B.G.285,287,294 Khilafat see Non-Cooperation movement Kidwai, Mushir Husain 95,98-8,99,105, 111,113 Kidwai, Ran Ahmed 271-2,300 Kimberley, Lord (Liberal Secretary of State) 35 Kothawala (District Magistrate of Surat) 158,164,165 Kripalani, Acharya 250,272 Kunzru, Hriday Nath 111,113 Labour Government (British) and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) 123 and the Irwin declaration (1929) 45,60, 65-6 and the Round Table Conference (1931) 121 Labour Party (British), and Indian politics 34,328,329,331,337 labour unions, and the Indian National Congress 254-5,257

6 354 Laithwaite, Sir Gilbert (Linlithgow's private secretary) 320 LiaqatAli Khan 316,318 Linlithgow, Victor Alexander John Hope, 2nd Marquess of 2,34,180 and the Bombay Conference (1941) 320, 321,322-4,325,326-7 and the Cabinet Committee on India (1942) 336 and Congress office acceptance (1937) 276,280,281-3,284 and Congress provincial government (1937-9) 286,289,290,291,292-3, 295,305-6 and the Cripps negotiations (1942) 338, proposals (1941) 333-4,335 and the Second World War 298,300, 301,307-8,309,310,311,312,315 Lloyd, Lord 21,24,25,32,33-4 Lloyd George, David 244 Lothian, Philip Henry Kerr, 1 lth Marquis of239,255,262,264,266 and Congress office acceptance (1937) letters between Nehru and (1935-6) Lucknow attack on Aminabad police outpost (May 1930)107-10,113 British rebuilding of 75-7,78,80,81,90 clashes of May Congress of 1936, Nehru's address to 248,253,259-60,272-3 Congress meeting (1916) 78 demonstration against the Simon Committee (1928) economic development 77 Municipal Board 78 Muslims in 77,78,94,112 and the Mutiny (1857) 75 Satyagraha confrontation (May 1930) 100-6, Lyautey, Pierre 17 Macdonald, Ramsay 65,187-9,190,192, 214,305 Madras Congress government in (1937) 285 Justice Party 271 PCCs, and office acceptance (1936) 274 Malabar, Walluvanad Taluka Congress Committee 252,254 Malaviya, Pandit Madan Mohan 41,59, 64, 97 Malaya 6,119,342-3 Mao Zedong 8,174,175,178,186,237 Mass Contacts Committee (later Congress Constitutional Committee) 250-1, 254,255,257,260,263 Maxwell, Sir Reginald Maitland 148,312, 325 Mears, Sir Grimwood 44,46 Mehta, Jamnadas 43,60,70 Menon, Krishna 329 Milner,Lord21,244 Misra,H.N.84 Mitra, Mrs 96,100,102,103 Mitter, Sir B.L. 149 Montagu-Chelmsford reforms (1919) 32 Mountbatten, Lord Louis 119,295 Munich crisis (1938) 298 Munro (British Deputy Commissioner in Lucknow) 94,95-6,98,99-102, 103-5,110,112 Murphy, Frank 16,175 Muslim League 78,296,301,306,309, 311,316 and the Bombay Conference (1941) 320, 326 and the Cripps negotiations (1942) 340 'Pakistan'resolution (1940) 314 andsapru316 (1941)332 and the Second World War 329,330 Muslims and the All-India Federation and the Indian National Congress 4 in Indonesia 11 in Lucknow 77,78,94,112 Muslim-Hindu relations 151,187,315 and the Second World War 314 and the Untouchability (Harijan) campaign 202 Naidu, Sarojini 62 Namboodiripad (Namboodimpad), E.M. Sankaran 254 Narayan, Jayaprakash 251,254-5,255-7, 313 Nariman,K.F.43,294 nationalism, and decolonisation 6-7 nationalist movements Africa 6-7,8,37,69

7 355 Indonesia 6,11-13,18,37,39, 69,70-1 Philippines 8-10,16,17,37,39,70,71 Vietnam 6,14-15,16,17,27,37-8,39, 70-1 Nehru, Jawaharlal 241 and the Bombay Conference (1941) 324 on the British government 1 and the British Labour Party 34 A Bunch of Old Letters 244 and the Cripps negotiations (1942) 338 and the Delhi manifesto (1929) 50,60, 61-2, ,162,169 and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) 123, 127-8,139-40,150 and Gandhi's fasting (1933) ,270,272-3,296 and the Indian National Congress 43 office acceptance (1935-7) 273-4,276, 283-4,295 Socialists strategy (1936-7) and the Irwin declaration (1929) 46,47, 48,49, 60,70 and the Lucknow clashes of May and the Lucknow Congress (1936) 248, 253,259-60,272-3 and the Lucknow Simon Commission demonstration (1928) 81,84-5,86, 87,88,89 and Mountbatten 119,295 and the provincial election (1936-7) ,262 and the Puma Swaraj decision (1929) 41, 42,44,52-6,68,68-9 (1941) 332 and the Second World War 298-9,314, 329 Nehru, Motilal and the Delhi manifesto (1929) 50-2, 62-3 and the Irwin declaration (1929) 46,47, 48,53-4 meeting with the Viceroy (1929) 66-7 and the Purna Swaraj decision (1929) 42, 43,44-5 Nehru Committee (1928) 42,44,64,79 Netherlands and the British Empire 18,19,27 and Indonesian nationalism 11-13, 16-17,70,71,176-7,183,186,240 ambiguity of policy 258 New Zealand 19,22,42 newspapers and the Bombay Conference (1941) 324 and Gandhi's releasefromprison (1933) proposals (1941) 332,337 and Sapru's telegram to Churchill (1942) 331 Nkrumah, Kwame 69,247,259,320 Non-Cooperation and Khilafat movement ( )30,32,79,181 Orissa, Congress government in (1937-8) 285,293 Osmena, Sergio 175,176,177 Pakistan 4,340 Pant, G.B. 43,285 Haig-Pant agreement (1938) 294,296 and the Lucknow Simon Commission demonstration (1928) 84,85 as Premier of UP ,291,292,293 Parmanand Patel, Vallabhbhai 44,55,57,58,70,129, 188,241,274 and the Bombay Conference (1941) 324 and Congress provincial government (1937) ,142,162,169 and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931)123, 137,140,141,150 and the Gandi-Garrett talks (1931) 145 Patel, Vithalbhai 43,45,48,49, 57,62,63, 66,70 Patwardhan, Achyut 250,258 Patwardhan, Appasaheb 205,206,207,212 PCCs see Provincial Congress Committees (PCCs) peasants, and the Indian National Congress 3,254-8 Perry (Collector of Kheda district) 151 PhanBoiChoul4 Philippines nationalist movement 8-10,16, 17,37,39,70,71,118,175-6,178,238 and elite mobilisation and the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act (1933) 10,175,176 and independence Independence Act 176,186 and the Jones Act (1916) 9,343 and nationalist leaders 271 and the new constitution 177 and the Second World War 330 and the Tydings-McDuffie Act (1934) 10,176

8 356 picketting foreign cloth and liquor shops 128 and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) 137 Pioneer, The 299 on Gandhi's releasefromprison (1933) Polak,Henry60,70 political prisoners, and Congress provincial government (1937-8) 285,286-7, PoonaPact (1932) 189,191,192,194,198, 204,218 Prasad, Rajendra 129,150,241,251, 255-7,272,273 and Congress office acceptance (1935-7) 274,275 and Congress provincial government (1937) 285 Prasad, Sir Jagdish 315,316 Princes, Indian 28,30 and the All-India Federation 305,306 prisoners release of in and Congress provincial government (1937-8) 285,286-7, ,142,151,154 and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) 123, 124,125, in UP 288 Provinces (India) 119 Congress campaigns Congress government in (1937-9) ,271,282 and the Second World War 301-2,308 Provincial Congress Committees (PCCs) 251,252,255 and the Irwin Declaration (1929) 64 and office acceptance (1937) Punjab and the Bombay Conference (1941) 326 and the Irwin declaration (1929) 64 Punjab clash (1919) 183 Puma Swaraj decision of (1929) and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) 123, 126, Quezon, Manuel 1,9,175-6,177,178,186 Quit India movement (1942) 2,28,30,35, 181,183,264,339 Radhakrishnan (future President of India) 303 Rai, Lajpat 80,81,84,88 Rajagopalachari, Chakravarti 150,160, 219,241,243,320 and Congress office acceptance (1936-7) 273,275,276,280,281 and the Cripps negotiations (1942) 338 as Premier of Madras (1937-9) 285, ,294 (1941)332 Ram, Sir Sita 111 Ranga, Professor N.G. 254 Ranka, Poonamchand 211,212 Revolutionary Powers Ordinance (1940) 312,315 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano 10,16,175, 176,303,328 and Sapru's telegram to Churchill (1942) Round Table Conferences 1,44-5,46,48, 50,58,65,68,70,121,316 compared with negotiations on the Philippines ,161,162 and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) 122, 123,126,131,134,136,140,166 and the Indian National Congress 121 Second (1931) 122,126,131,134,137, 140,170,178-9,187 Third (1932) 183-4, Rowlatt Bills (1919) 180 Roxas, Manuel 175,176,177 Sahib, Dr Khan 285 Salt Satyagraha (1930) 68,72-3,93,97, 122 Sampurnanand 250 Sankey, Lord 202 Sapru, Sir Tej Bahadur and the Bardoli affair (1931) 168 and the Bombay conference (1941) ,321,322,324,326,327 and the Cripps negotiations (1942) and the Delhi manifesto (1929) 61, 62, 63 and Gandhi in prison (1932-3) 212, ,216 and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) 122 and Indian independence 340-1

9 357 and the Indian nationalist movement 246,247,262,266 letter on and the Irwin declaration (1929) 46-7, 48,49,50,56-7,65,70 meeting with the Viceroy (1929) 66-8 "The Needs of the Hour' (1940) 317 Non-Party Conference proposals (1941) and the Puma Swaraj decision (1929) 42, 44,46-7,59-60,61 telegram to Churchill (1942) 303-5, reply and the Yeravda negotiations (1930) 121 Saraswati, Swami Sahajanand 254 Sastri, Sir Srinivasa 48,58,66,70,303 Satyagraha campaigns 65,72-3,79 and Gandhi 179 and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) 123, 124,125,127, individual Satyagraha movement (1940) 180 Rowlatt satyagraha (1919) 180 see also Salt Satyagraha Satyagraha confrontation (Lucknow, May 1930) 100-6, Satyamurti 324 Saxena, Mohanlal 80,81,82,83,85-6,89, 93 Schuster, Sir George 325 Second Settlement (1931) Second World War 2,35,264, , and the Cabinet Committee on India (1942)336,337 and the resignation of Congress provincial leaders (1939) and the Revolutionary Powers Ordinance (1940)312,315 and Sapru's telegram to Churchill (1942) Sen Gupta, J.M. 43,60,66,70,129 Siddique, Muhammad Bashir 103 Sikander Hyat Khan 326 Simon Commission (1927-8) 1,42,79, 180,334 demonstration against, in Lucknow Singh, Bhagat 122,128,137,138,139, 140,291 Sinha,A.P.250 Sinha,S.K.43,285 Slade, Miss 187 Smuts, General 174,219 Socialists (Congress) 248,250,257-8,259 and office acceptance (1936-7) 275-6, 277,281 South Africa 19,22,26,32,42 Soviet Union, Nehru on the 249 'Subaltern' school 4-5 Subbarayan, Dr 208,209,210 Sukarno, Ahmed 11-12,69,176-7,177-8, 186,233,237,240,258,259,265 imprisonment of 239 Sykes, Sir Frederick William (Governor of Bombay) 145,213 Tagore, Rabindranath 193,196 Tamil Nadu PCC and office acceptance (1937)273-4 Tandon, Purushottamdas 147,250,317 Tewari, Pandit Ras 104 Thackersey, Lady 222 Thakurdas, Sir Purshottamdas 317 trade unions, and the Indian National Congress 254-5,257 United States and India in and the Philippines 8-10,16,17,37,70, 71,341-2,343 Untouchables see Harijans (Untouchables) question UP (United Provinces) agrarian conflicts 147,154-5,159,164 Congress government in (1937-9) 285, , ,154-6,160-1,162 no-rent campaign (1931) 178,179 Viceroy's Executive Council Indian members 328 Indianisation of 317,321 Vietnam 6,14-15,16,17,27,37-8,39, 70-1,133,177,183 independence mobilisation of popular support 265,266 treatment of nationalist leaders 238 Vietminh 265 Walluvanad Taluka Congress Committee 252,254 Welles, Sumner 328 Westminster, Statute of (1931) 22,23,33 White, Leslie Willingdon, Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess 33,35-6,238 and Civil Disobedience 193,194-6, 231-2

10 358 Willingdon, Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess {com.) and disputes with Cabinet in London (1932-3) 190-7,212-4,220,234 and the Emergency Powers Ordinance 165,183,190 and Gandhi 132,166,179,180,191, 193, ,162,163,165-71,173 and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) 169, 171 and Gandhi's fasting 188 on mass grievances 253 and the Untouchability Bill 210 workers, and the Indian National Congress Wylie, Sir Francis 294 Yeravda negotiations 121,135,136,213 Young, Desmond 225-6,299 Zetland, Lawrence John Lumley Dundas, 2nd Marquis of 300,307,309,310 and Congress office acceptance 276, 278,279,280,284