Anthropology of Policy

Transcription

1 Q 1 *? Anthropology of Policy Critical perspectives on governance and power Edited by Cris Shore and Susan Wright London and New York

2 Contents Contributors Preface and acknowledgements ix xiii Introduction 1 Policy: A new Held of anthropology 3 Cris Shore and Susan Wright Towards an anthropology of policy 3 Anthropology and the art of government 10 Rethinking political anthropology 12 Reconceptualizing 'die field': Methodological implications for anthropology and policy studies 14 Policy as language: Discourse and power 18 Policy as cultural agent: Constructing national identity 24 Policy as political technology: Govermnentality and subjectivity 29 Epilogue 34 Part I Policy as language and power 2 Writing development policy and policy analysis plain or clear: On language, genre and power 43 Raymond Apthorpe The writ of language 44 Radical realism and ideal ruralism 46 Institutions and mechanisms 53 Policy language 54

3 vi Contents 3 The implications of 'medical', 'gender in development' and 'culturalist' discourses for HIV/AIDS policy in Africa 59 Gill Seidel and Laurent Vidal Introduction 59 Theoretical frameworks 60 Medical discourse 61 Epidemiological discourse about risk groups 64 Gender and development discourse 66 Culturalist discourse 71 Effects of the culturalist discourse in Cote d'lvoire 73 Conclusion 11 4 Patients' bodies and discourses of power 88 Helle Ploug Hansen Policy in a hospital setting 88 The hospital as a negotiated order 90 The hospital policy document 90 The clinical praxis 91 The daily round and its interpretation 93 Discourses of power 99 Conclusion 101 Part II Policy as cultural agent 5 Free to make the right choice? Gender equality policy in post-welfare Sweden 107 Annika Rabo Welfare state with a human face 109 Policies of equality between women and men 111 Higher education, policies of sexual equality and issues of gender 116 Reactions to a government bill 119 A state-commissioned report 123 ' We are all different' 126 Conclusions: Sexual equality policy, higher education and free choice', The cultural politics of populism: Celebrating Canadian national identity 136 Eva Mackey Multiculturalism, constitutional crisis and celebrations 138 Key aspects of celebratory policy 141

4 Contents vii Non-political patriotism and civil society as diagnostics of power Naturalizing imagery, celebratory taboos and invented symbols Which people? Coexisting discourses 'Thepeople' at the Wallaceford Pumpkin Festival Populism and locality at the Brookside Raise-the-Flag day Legitimacy and common sense Governing Europe: European Union audiovisual policy and the politics of identity 165 Cris Shore Anthropology, identity and the politics of communication 165 Audiovisual policy and European integration 167 Television without frontiers: From 1984 Green Paper to 1989 Directive 169 Creating a ' Community of Europeans': The politics of media policy 172 Beyond the nation state? EU audiovisual policy and supranationalism 111 Using TV as the cultural arm of nation-building: Flaws in EU strategy 180 Conclusion 186 Part III Policy as political technology: Governmentality and subjectivity 8 Reform and resistance: A Norwegian illustration 195 Halvard Vike Introduction 195 Moral economy and policy 197 The plan 199 The context: A Norwegian industrial community 202 Decision-making and the labour party ideology 204 Marx and Weber on modernity 207 Political resistance 209 Conclusions 213

5 viii Contents 9 Poverty in a 'post-welfare' landscape: Tenant management policies, self-governance and the democratization of knowledge in Great Britain 217 Susan Brin Hyatt From government of the poor to government by the poor 217 Subsidized housing and the rise of 'the social' in Great Britain 220 Democratizing knowledge and the policing of communities 224 Housing policy and poverty under the regimes of advanced liberalism Managing Americans: Policy and changes in the meanings of work and the self 239 Emily Martin Kinds of power 241 Work and life 244 Persons, groups and their interfaces 245 Corporate selves 248 Sane and insane selves: Attention deficit disorder 252 Epilogue 11 Anthropology and policy research: The view from Northern Ireland 261 Hastings Donnan and Graham McFarlane Policy-orientated anthropology seen from above and below 261 The context for policy research in Northern Ireland 263 Anthropologists and policy-related research in Northern Ireland 266 Getting to know Northern Irish farm households: Anthropology marginalized 270 'Truncated' anthropology and policy research in Northern Ireland 21A Anthropology, policy and the mutual suspension of disbelief ' 277 Index N 282