Inside Front Cover: A Brief History of Your Most Basic Right: The Right to Vote Voter Registration Application

Transcription

1 Living Democracy, 1/e Shea/Green/Smith ( ) Inside Front Cover: A Brief History of Your Most Basic Right: The Right to Vote Voter Registration Application Preface Acknowledgments About the Authors Part One: Foundations of American Government 1 American Government: Democracy in Action American Democracy and the Individual Citizen The Unique Democracy of the United States Themes of This Book Citizen Participation in Democratic Government Pathways of Action PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Active Students and Local Air Pollution Laws PATHWAYS PROFILE: A. Philip Randolph Diversity in American Society Citizen Participation and Pathways: The Example of Abortion Change and Stability in American Government Sources of Stability PATHWAYS PROFILE: The Political Culture of Our Neighbor to the North 2 Early Governance and the Constitutional Framework The Cry for Liberty, Equality,... and Slavery? The Nature of Government and Politics Types of Governments Economic Systems Early Governance in America PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The Sons of Liberty The American Revolution PATHWAYS PROFILE: Thomas Paine and the Common Sense of Democracy The Declaration of Independence The Colonial Experience and the Pathways of Change PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Tiimothy McVeigh s Revolution? The Articles of Confederation Limitations of the Articles of Confederation Shays s Rebellion: An Alternative Look The Constitutional Convention The Great Compromise The Three-Fifths Compromise The Sectional Compromise The U.S. Constitution The Struggle over Ratification The Federalist Papers The Anti-Federalists Response Other Challenges Faced by the New Nation A Second Revolution Jacksonian Democracy Part Two: The Institutions of American Government

2 3 Federalism No Child Left Behind and the Ongoing Debate over Authority Why Divide Authority in the First Place? The Evolution of Federalism in the United States Before the Civil War PATHWAYS PROFILE: John Marshall PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The Civil War and the Failure of American Politics Federalism after the Civil War Federal Power: The Supreme Court and the New Deal Recent Trends in Federalism The New Deal and Cooperative Federalism The Great Society and Creative Federalism The Changing Nature of Federal Grants PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Mandates to Prompt Change New Federalism PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Dillon s Rule versus Home Rule Devolution PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Intergovernmental Lobbyists PATHWAYS OF ACTION: States Rights For Liberals? The Supreme Court s Shift in Perspective 4 The Judiciary Controversy over Same-Sex Marriage Court Structure and Processes The Adversarial System Trial Courts Appellate Courts The United States Supreme Court PATHWAYS PROFILE: Ruth Bader Ginsburg The Power of American Judges Constitutional and Statutory Interpretation Judicial Review Federal Judges Protected Tenure Judicial Selection and Judges Decision Making Judicial Selection in the Federal System PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Diversity in the Judiciary Judicial Selection in the States Judges Decision Making Political Science and Judicial Decision Making Action in the Court Pathway PATHWAYS PROFILE: John G. Roberts Jr. Interest Group Litigation PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The NAACP and Racial Segregation Elements of Strategy Implementation and Impact Judicial Policymaking and Democracy 5 Civil Liberties Restrictions on Freedom of Speech The Bill of Rights in History Early Interpretation of the Bill of Rights The Incorporation Process and the Nationalization of Constitutional Rights PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Cruel and Unusual Punishment First Amendment Rights

3 Freedom of Speech PATHWAYS PROFILE: Mary Beth Tinker Freedom of the Press PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Supreme Court Workload Obscenity Freedom of Religion Civil Liberties and Criminal Justice The Right to Bear Arms Search and Seizure Self-Incrimination Trial Rights PATHWAYS PROFILE: Clarence Earl Gideon Capital Punishment Privacy Abortion Private Sexual Conduct VISUAL PATHWAYS: Capital Punishment and the Courts, pp 196 & Civil Rights The Controversy over Affirmative Action The Ideal of Equality Equal Protection of the Law The Fourteenth Amendment and Reconstruction The Rise and Persistence of Racial Oppression PATHWAYS PROFILE: Fred Korematsu Litigation Strategies and School Segregation Clarifying the Coverage of the Equal Protection Clause PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Restrictive Covenants Grassroots Mobilization and Civil Rights African Americans and Civil Rights PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Technology and Grassroots Mobilization Civil Rights Legislation Women and Civil Rights Latinos and Civil Rights Contemporary Civil Rights Issues Complexity of Issues Emerging Groups 7 Congress Health, Human Services,... and Less Restrictive Gun Laws? The Nature and Style of Representation Congress and the Constitution Redistricting PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The Texas Redistricting Battle Organizing the Legislative Process Standing Committees: The Workhorses of the Legislature What Committees Do Political Parties in the Legislature Legislative Leadership PATHWAYS PROFILE: Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi Makes History Legislative Rules and Norms PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: The Caning of Senator Charles Sumner PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Bridges to Nowhere? How a Bill Becomes Law

4 Making Laws: A Summary Who Sits in Congress? Gender Race and Ethnicity PATHWAYS PROFILE: Congresswoman Barbara Jordan of Texas Income and Occupation Congressional Ethics VISUAL PATHWAYS: The Stem Cell Research Battle, pp 288 & The Presidency From Storyteller to Commander in Chief in Seven Minutes Early Concerns about Executive Power The President and the Constitution The Constitutional Convention Article II and Ratification of the Constitution The Evolution of the Presidency Models of Presidential Power PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Theodore Roosevelt and the Bully Pulpit Institutional Changes PATHWAYS OF ACTION: FDR Takes Charge! PATHWAYS PROFILE: Condoleezza Rice, Secretary of State and Political Scientist The Changing Role of the Vice President Informal Powers of the President First Ladies The Many Roles of Modern Presidents The President as Chief of State The President as Chief Legislator The President as Chief Diplomat The President as Commander in Chief The President as Chief Executive Presidential Greatness Part Three: The American Public and the Democratic Process 9 Bureaucracy Government and Natural Disasters PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Arsenic Standards for Drinking Water Organization of the Federal Bureaucracy Development of the Federal Bureaucracy PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Reorganization of the Bureaucracy Departments Independent Agencies, Independent Regulatory Commissions, and Government Corporations PATHWAYS PROFILE: Joan Claybrook The Nature of Bureaucracy The Image of Bureaucracy The Advantages of Bureaucracy The Problems of Government Bureaucracy Reform of the Bureaucracy The Lobbying Pathway and Policymaking The Bureaucracy and Legislation PATHWAYS PROFILE: Jeffrey N. Shane The Bureaucracy and Information Regulations Quasi-Judicial Processes

5 Oversight and Accountability 10 Political Socialization and Public Opinion Change in Action: Views of Homosexuality Public Opinion Fundamental Values The Stability of Political Beliefs PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Sexism Reconsidered The Impact of Popular Culture on Political Opinions and Values The Power of Popular Culture From Values to Ideology PATHWAYS PROFILE: New College Conservatives Political Socialization Family School Peers and Community Religion The Media Impact of Events Social Groups and Political Values Economic Bases of Partisanship and Public Opinion Education Religion PATHWAYS PROFILE: Jim Wallis Race and Ethnicity Gender Measuring Public Opinion Use of Polls History of Polling PATHWAYS PROFILE: George Gallup Modern Polling Techniques Survey Research Controversies Surrounding Polling VISUAL PATHWAYS: Environmental Movement, pp 410 & The Politics of the Media Media and Cultural Change Mass Media History of Mass Media Print Media Electronic Media PATHWAYS PROFILE: Edward R. Murrow Functions of the Media Entertainment PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: The Role of Profits Social Effects of the Media PATHWAYS PROFILE: Dorothea Lange, Photojournalist PATHWAYS PROFILE: The Typical Journalist Political Use of Media How Politicians Make the News How Journalists Report the News PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The Strategic Use of Leaks How Groups Use the Media The Media and the Public in the Political Arena

6 Media in Campaigns Global Issues Narrowcasting Concentration and Centralization of Ownership Governmental Regulations The Right to Privacy Rules regarding Content and Ownership Challenges Related to the New Media 12 Civic and Political Engagement Citizens in Action, Rocking the Vote Activism and Protest in the United States: A Brief History Protest in Colonial America The Right to Revolt Influencing the Government through Mobilization and Participation Constitutional Guarantees for Citizen Activism and Mobilization Early Social Movements: The First National Groups Emerge, 1830s 1890 The Abolitionist Movement PATHWAYS PROFILE: Frederick Douglass The Women s Rights Movement: The First Wave PATHWAYS PROFILE: Alice Stokes Paul The Prohibition Movement Progressive Era Movements, 1890s 1920 The Rise of Labor Unions Business Groups and Trade Associations New Politics: Mass Movements of the Modern Era Vietnam and the Antiwar Movement The Civil Rights Movement The Women s Rights Movement: The Second Wave PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The Equal Rights Amendment The Gay Rights Movement Conservative Christian Groups Pathways Profile: James Dobson Older and Newer Mobilization Tactics Theory versus Practice Free Association and Expression versus National Security 9/11 and the USA Patriot Act Freedom, Activism, and Public Opinion The Age of Apathy? PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Youth Groups VISUAL PATHWAYS: Immigration Debate, pp 492 & Interest Groups The Power of the National Rifle Association The Role of Interest Groups in the Policy Process What Are Interest Groups? PATHWAYS OF ACTION: LULAC Functions of Interest Groups in a Democratic Society The Interest Group Explosion PATHWAYS PROFILE: Ralph Nader Types of Interest Groups Bias in Representation: Who Participates? Difficulties in Mobilization Overcoming Organizational Barriers

7 The Role of Interest Group Leaders PATHWAYS PROFILE: Bruce S. Gordon Inside and Outside Lobbying PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The K Street Project PATHWAYS PROFILE: Recording Artists Coalition Outside Lobbying Lobbying Other Groups and Forming Alliances Grassroots Mobilization Grassroots Lobbying Tactics Campaign Activities PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Traditional Volunteers versus Paid Professionals The Importance of Money in Mobilization Uses of Money Fundraising Tactics Interest Group Influence 14 Elections and Political Participation in America How Much for That Senate Seat? Elections and Democratic Theory Republicanism and Different Ways to Select Leaders Elections as an Expression of Popular Will Stability and Legitimacy PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The Power of the Purple Finger Civic Education Fulfilling One s Civic Duty A Safety Valve The Limitations of Elections Elections as a Placebo A Poor Measure of Public Sentiment The Atomization of Politics Constricting the Pool of Public Officials A Broken Process? Elections and the Law The Electoral College PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Four Winners Who Lost Amendments to the Constitution and the Electoral Process Voting and Legislative Acts Referendums, Initiatives, and Recalls The Future of the Ballot Initiative as a Pathway of Change The Role of Money in Elections PATHWAYS PROFILE: Two Innovative Campaign Operatives The Rage for Reform Political Action Committees The Incumbent Fundraising Advantage Reforming the Reforms: BCRA The Ironies of Money and Politics Levels of Political Participation The Shrinking Electorate Why Has Turnout Declined? PATHWAYS PROFILE: Mark Shield This I Believe Voting and Demographic Characteristics Are Young Voters Tuning Out? Are They Getting the Message? Young Voters in the 2004 and 2006 Elections PATHWAYS PROFILE: Citizen Change: Puffy Gets Political

8 VISUAL PATHWAYS: The Struggle over Same-Sex Marriage, pp 572 & 573 Part Four: Public Policy 15 Political Parties Religion and Party Politics What Is a Political Party? Party Functions The Components of Political Parties Party-in-Government PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The Contract with America Party-in-the-Electorate Realignment Theory Party-as-Organization Party Eras in American History Phase 1: The Emergence of Parties in America (1790s 1828) Phase 2: The Heyday of Parties ( ) Phase 3: Party Decline ( s) Phase 4. Organizational Resurgence (1970s Present) Minor Parties in American Politics Barriers to Minor Party Success Minor Parties in American History Minor Parties in the Twenty-First Century Political Parties and Ideology The Nomination Process Different Primary Systems Presidential Nominations PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Howard Dean s Innovative Internet Campaign A More Democratic Process? 16 Public Policy in the United States Hooters and Polluters: The Politics of Public Policy The Nature of Public Policy Ideas and Values in Public Policy Freedom Equality Political Ideology PATHWAYS PROFILE: Rachel Carson Types of Public Policy The Public Policy Process Identifying the Problem PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Mothers Against Drunk Driving Setting an Agenda Formulating and Legitimizing Policy PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: The Welfare Debate Implementing Policy Alternative Views of the Policy Process 17 Making Economic Policy A Bridge Too Far Economic Basics The Big Five: Measuring Economic Performance Fiscal Policy Major Actors

9 Key Congressional Players Revenue Income Taxes Payroll Taxes The Tax Burden Corporate Taxes Other Taxes Tax Analysis Intended and Unintended Consequences: Dynamic Modeling Expenditures Social Security Defense Income Security Government Medical Care Interest and Other Spending Long-Term Budget Challenges: The Coming Storm Addressing the Problem PATHWAYS OF ACTION: AARP Monetary Policy The Federal Reserve Board The Fed in Action Monetary Policy and Fiscal Policy PATHWAYS PROFILE: Alan Greenspan Regulatory Policy Trade Policy and Globalization 18 Foreign and National Security Policy September 11, 2001 Competing Principles for American Foreign Policy Conflicting Evaluations of the Iraq War PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: The United States and Latin America Echoes from the Past Foreign and Domestic Policy Links between Foreign and Domestic Policy International Influence on U.S. Political Activity International and Domestic Gains and Losses Making American Foreign Policy The Domestic Context PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Randall Robinson and TransAfrica Political Institutions PATHWAYS PROFILE: Madeleine Albright Foreign Policy and National Security Issues Military Security Issues Economic and Foreign Trade Issues Human Welfare Issues Appendices 1 Declaration of Independence of the Thirteen Colonies (annotated) 2 The Constitution of the United States (annotated) 3 The Federalist, No. 10, James Madison 4 The Federalist, No. 51, James Madison 5 The Gettysburg Address, Abraham Lincoln 6 I Have a Dream, Martin Luther King 7 Presidents and Congresses

10 8 Supreme Court Justices 9 ABC News Video Student Guide Glossary Notes Credits Index ABC News American Government Student Library DVDs