Credit-by-Exam Review US Government

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1 Credit-by-Exam Review US Government Foundations and Ideas of the U.S. Government Characteristics and examples of limited government Characteristics and examples of unlimited government divine right unalienable (natural) rights Locke s social contract Where in our government do you see Locke s ideas? Today most of the world s governments are democracy What does the First Amendment guarantee? Know the main ideas in the Declaration of Independence Consent of the governed

2 Where do you see Montesquieu s ideas in our government? Articles of Confederation and Compromises and Ratification of the U.S. Constitution Problems with the Articles of Confederation How the Constitution fixed the problems of the Articles of Confederation Examples of how the Founders fears and distrust of government affected our form of government. The Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise) between what type of states and what was it about? Three-fifths Compromise between what type of states and what was it about? Why did the Constitutional Convention of 1787 create a bicameral legislature? (see Connecticut Compromise) Anti-Federalists criticized the United States Constitution primarily because Why did the framers feel checks and balances were needed? Why was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution? Purpose of the Federalist Papers Know the difference between primary and secondary sources. Federalism

3 Reserve powers granted solely to states by the Constitution (examples) Delegated Powers (examples) Concurrent Powers (examples) What are local governments responsible for? (examples) Advantages and disadvantages of US federal system What makes the US Government a federal system? Why did the founders create a federal system of government? Principles and Structure of the U.S. Constitution "a government of laws, not of men" means Which branch / part of the Government was created to respond most directly to the will of the people? republican form of government popular sovereignty

4 individual rights Who has the power to impeach a federal government official? Which branch of the government has power to make laws? checks and balances (meaning and examples) Separation of powers (meaning and examples) How does the amendment process work? Know what the important amendments are. The Legislative Branch: Structure, Powers, and the Lawmaking Process How does reapportionment work? Congress primary responsibility is to List the enumerated powers given to Congress What powers does Congress have over the executive branch? How do you change the constitution?

5 Incumbent elastic clause majority rule in Congress how does it work? How does the majority party in Congress have the advantage when getting a bill passed? Party leaders and party whips How are differences in a bill passed by the Senate and House resolved? Chief Executives and the Bureaucracy powers of the President (listed in Constitution) Why has Presidential power increased since World War II? What checks does the executive branch have over the other branches? How do the other branches check the executive branch? What amendment changed the Presidency (and how)?

6 members of the Cabinet are directly responsible to the What does it mean to be Commander in Chief? The Federal Budget budget deficit budget surplus Mandatory expenditures Discretionary expenditures Political Parties, Ideologies, and Interest Groups How do the beliefs of a child s parents affect that child s political views? Know the beliefs of Liberals Know the beliefs of Conservatives

7 Know the beliefs of the Green Party Know the beliefs of the Socialist Party What is the role of political parties in the United States? The main purpose of lobbying is Which groups of people are most likely to vote Democrat? Which groups of people are most likely to vote Republican? Which regions of the country usually vote Republican (red states)? Which regions of the country usually vote Democrat (blue states)? Know the process for nominating a Presidential candidate. What are the major objections to lobbying groups? Voting, Campaigns, and Elections

8 Voting Rights Act of 1965 who benefitted? What are the requirements to vote? How does the Electoral College system work? What are the problems with the Electoral College system? What is the most common proposal that people make to fix the problems of the Electoral College system? Civic Participation What is the most common form of political participation in the United States? What is the most common form of individual involvement with a political party? Know examples of forms of civic participation The Judicial Branch: Federal and State Courts The purpose of the Judicial branch is Plaintiff Defendant Prosecution

9 Criminal cases Civil cases Supreme Court cases State courts have jurisdiction over cases involving Appeals courts have what type of jurisdiction? Examples of trial courts of limited jurisdiction State court judges are chosen by Federal and Supreme Court judges are chosen by The judicial branch checks the executive branch by The judicial branch checks the legislative branch by Judicial restraint Judicial activism Judicial review

10 Dissenting opinion Concurring opinion Majority opinion What types of cases are heard by the Supreme Court? Under Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Supreme Court was considered "activist" because Who has the power to interpret the US Constitution? Civil Liberties and Civil Rights For the following Supreme Court cases, know what the courts decided and which amendment they used to decide. Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) Roe v. Wade (1973) Texas v. Johnson Schenck v. United States (1919) Marbury v. Madison

11 Mapp v. Ohio Korematsu v. United States Civil rights Civil liberties Which civil liberties are protected by the Bill of Rights? What types of speech are protected by the First Amendment? What types of speech are NOT protected by the First Amendment? First Amendment Second Amendment Fourth Amendment Fifth Amendment Sixth Amendment Eighth Amendment due process The equal protection clause of the 14th amendment protects The due process clause of the 14 th amendment protects

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