Comparison of Fertigation and Application of Dosing of Macro- and Microelements to Soil in a Modern Apple Orchard

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1 Interntionl Journl of Engineering Technology, Mngement nd Applied Sciences Jnury 8, Volume 6, Issue, ISSN Comprison of Fertigtion nd Appliction of Dosing of Mcro- nd Microelements to Soil in Modern Apple Orchrd Abou Bker Bryek Introduction Modern methods of intensive pple production require more efficient wys of irrigtion nd fertiliztion of orchrds tht grdully increse yield nd fruit qulity. Modern fertiliztion systems re not just n isolted element of plnt production, but link in the gro technicl system is necessry. The dvntge of fertigtion is the bility to regulte doses tht cn fcilitte the efficient utiliztion of resources nd improve the return of invested resources, per unit of time nd time, to producers. Efficient fertiliztion provides nutrients to plnts (ie chemicl elements of nitrogen N, phosphorus P, potssium K) in pproprite proportions nd quntities. Fertiliztion should lso grdully improve the fertility of the soil, nd therefore the yield nd size of pples. Also, the ppliction of N, P, K hs positive effect in chieving high yields of pple orchrds. The im of this study is to determine the effect of the ddition of N, P, K using fertigtion nd the clssic ppliction of the pple Red Jonprince pple. Key words. Methods. systems. fertiliztion. effect. plnts. Meehods nd design of the experiment The views were set ccording to the "split-plot" system in the modern pple of Golden Delicious nd Red Jonprince pples (for two sesons). In the plnt vriety ( Red Jonprince ) on the min plots the influence of the ppliction of NPK fertilizer ws exmined: clssicl ppliction through soil nd ppliction of fertilizers through fertigtion. The influence of the growing doses of N, P nd K fertilizers ws investigted t the sub-smples. The doses of nitrogen fertilizer ppliction were 4 kg N / h, 8 kgn / h nd kgn / h. The doses of phosphorus fertilizer ppliction were 3 kgp O5 / h, 6 kgp O 5 / h nd 8 kgp O 5 / h, while the doses of potssium ppliction were 6 kgk O / h, kgk O / h nd 4 kgk O / h. The mcro elements of nitrogen, phosphorus nd potssium were prepred in the form of mmonium nitrte, monommonium phosphte (MAP) nd pot ssium nitrte. Smples were tken in 4 nd 5. in Vojvodin, Serbi. Anlyzed prmeters Lnd: The chemicl properties of the soil re determined on the bsis of smples tken during ech repeted tretment. The soil smples nlyzed: the content of minerl nitrogen (N); content of esily ccessible phosphorus (P); content of esily ccessible potssium (K); the content of ffordble iron (Fe), copper (Cu), mngnese (Mn), zinc (Zn), clcium crbonte content (CCO3), humus content; ph vlue of soil nd content of ccessible forms of microelements. Soil smples were tken from three drops of droplets,, 5 nd 3 cm, from lyers of depth -, -, -3 nd 3-5 cm. In order to exmine the impct of irrigtion by the "drop by drop" system on the chemicl properties of the soil, the soil under the irrigtion hoses nd soil from the interstitil spce ws mesured t distnce of.5 m from the irrigtion hose, in order to exmine the fertilizers used in s well s their influence on the chemicl properties of the soil (the content of minerl N, the content of esily ccessible P nd K, nd ph vlue of soil). Chemicl nlysis of the leves nd pple fruits ws done on smples tken during ech repetition of the tretment during the seson. Smples of plnt mteril consisted of completely developed leves, tht is, pple fruits. Plnt: for the nlysis of plnt mteril, leves nd fruits were hrvested with trees in three reps for ech tretment nd n verge smple ws mde. In the smples of plnt mteril (lef nd fruit), the content of the totl N, P, K, C, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn ws nlyzed; pple yield; weight nd number of fruits per tree. 7 Abou Bker Bryek

2 Interntionl Journl of Engineering Technology, Mngement nd Applied Sciences Jnury 8, Volume 6, Issue, ISSN Determintion of bsic chemicl properties of soil ws crried out by stndrd grochemicl methods (Ubvić nd Bogdnović, 8). Determintion of the content of microelements in the soil, nd plnt mteril, ws determined by the method of tomic bsorption spectrophotometry. Results Comprison of two systems of ppliction of mcroelements (N, P, K) in modern pple seedlings nd the content of mcroelements in the lef of pples N у листу (%),5,5 A A A A,5 Grph. Nitrogen content (N) in pple lef in 4 Note on Grph : smll letters - interctions, big letters - verge tretment * Vlues mrked in different letters re sttisticlly significntly different (p <.5). N (%),5,5 Фертигциј Клсично Ø Ферт. Клс. Ø NPK NPK NPK3 Интеркциј Нчин примене Третмни ђурењ,5 Grph. The content of nitrogen (N) in the lefof pples in 5. Note on Grph : smll letters - interctions, lrge letters - verge tretment * Vlues mrked in different letters re sttisticlly significntly different (p <.5). Сдржј P у листу (%),,5,,5, Ø NPKNPKNPK3 Ø NPKNPKNPK3 Fertigcij Klsično Ø Fert. Kls. Ø NPKNPKNPK3 Интеркције Нчин примене Третмни ђурењ Grph 3. The content of phosphorus (P) in the lefof pples in 4. Note on Grph 3: Smll letters interctions, lrge letters - verge tretment * Vlues mrked in different letters re sttisticlly significntly different (p <.5). A Фертигциј Клсично Ø Ферт. Клс. Ø NPK NPK NPK3 Интеркциј Нчин примене Третмни ђурењ A 8 Abou Bker Bryek

3 Interntionl Journl of Engineering Technology, Mngement nd Applied Sciences Jnury 8, Volume 6, Issue, ISSN Сдржј P у листу (%),,5,,5 Ø NPKNPKNPK3 Grph 4. The content of phosphorus (P) in the lefof pples in 5. Note on Grph 4: smll letters - interctions, lrge letters - verge tretment * Vlues mrked in different letters re sttisticlly significntly different (p <.5). Ø NPKNPKNPK3 Fertigcij Klsično Ø Fert. Kls. Ø NPKNPKNPK3 Интеркције Нчин примене Третмни ђурењ Сдржј K у листу (%),5,5 Фертигциј Клсично Ø Ферт. Клс. Ø NPK NPK NPK3 Интеркциј Нчин примене Третмни ђурењ Grph 5. The content of phosphorus (K) in the lefof pples in 4. Note on Grph5: smll letters - interctions, lrge letters - verge tretment * Vlues mrked in different letters re sttisticlly significntly different (p <.5). Сдржј K у листу (%),5,5 Ø NPKNPKNPK3 Ø NPKNPKNPK3 Fertigcij Klsično Ø Fert. Kls. Ø NPKNPKNPK3 Интеркције Нчин примене Третмни ђурењ Grph 6. The content of phosphorus (K) in the lefof pples in 5 Note on Grph 6: smll letters - interctions, lrge letters - verge tretment * Vlues mrked in different letters re sttisticlly significntly different (p <.5). 9 Abou Bker Bryek

4 Interntionl Journl of Engineering Technology, Mngement nd Applied Sciences Jnury 8, Volume 6, Issue, ISSN Comprison of two systems of ppliction of mcroelements (N, P, K) in modern pple plnttions, verge fruit weight nd number of fruits per tree nd totl yield of pples 4 Мс плод (g) Фертигциј Клсично Ø Ферт. Клс. Ø NPK NPK NPK3 рој плодо Интеркције Нчин примене Третмни ђурењ Принос (kg/стлу) 4,,, 8, 6, 4,,, Фертигциј Клсично Ø Ферт. Клс. Ø NPK NPK NPK3 Интеркције Нчин примене Третмни ђурењ Фертигциј Клсично Ø Ферт. Клс. Ø NPK NPK NPK3 Интеркције Нчин примене Третмни ђурењ Grph 7. Averge fruit weight, number of fruits per tree nd totl pple yield in 4. Note on Grph7: smll letters - interctions, lrge letters - verge tretment * Vlues mrked in different letters re sttisticlly significntly different (p <.5). Мс плод (g) A Фертигциј Клсичн примен. Ø Ферт. Клс.. Ø NPK NPK NPK3 рој плодо Фертигциј Клсичн примен. Ø Ферт. Клс.. Ø NPK NPK NPK3 Принос (kg/стлу) г г Фертигциј Клсичн примен. Ø Ферт. Клс.. Ø NPK NPK NPK3 Интеркције Нчин примене Третмни ђурењ Grph 8. Averge weight of fruit, number of fruits per tree nd totl pple yield in 5. Note on Grph 8: Smll letters - interctions, lrge letters - verge tretment Abou Bker Bryek

5 Interntionl Journl of Engineering Technology, Mngement nd Applied Sciences Jnury 8, Volume 6, Issue, ISSN Conclusion The results show tht the yield of pples hs incresed, primrily s response to the corresponding dded doses of N, P nd K fertilizers, rther thn the type of ppliction (clssicl or fertigtion) in both yers of custion. In 5, significnt differences in fetl weight on N P K tretment were detected, without significnt weight gin with N 3P 3K 3 tretment s compred to the control smple. In both sesons it ws noted tht the number of fruits during the N 3P 3K 3 tretment is greter thn the number of fruits from other tretments in both pplied fertiliztion methods. When compring ll the tretments with the control smple, positive effect ws shown in chieving high yields. The results imply tht ll fertilizer tretments re dequte in chieving the gol of improving fruit yields, but the tretment of N 3P 3K 3 ws the best compred to other tretments, regrdless of how fertilizers re used. Literture. Bogdnović, D., Ubvić, M., Mlešević, M. (5): Metode z utvrđivnje potreb biljk z zotom. Poglvlje u monogrfiji AZOT-Agrohemijski, grotehnički, fiziološki i ekološki spekti. Nučni Institut z rtrstvo i povrtrstvo, Novi Sd. Bogdnović, D., Ubvić, M. (8) Ishrn biljk u održivoj poljoprivre di. u: Mnojlović Mj [ur.] Đubrenje u održivoj poljoprivredi, Novi Sd: Poljoprivredni fkultet 3. Ubvić, M., Bogdnović, D., (): Prktikum iz Agrohemije, Poljoprivredni fkultet, Institut z rtrstvo i povrtrstvo Novi Sd. 4. Ubvić, M., Bogdnović, D., (995): Agrohemij, Poljoprivredni fkultet, Novi Sd Abou Bker Bryek

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I. Formation. . work to achieve added value to the individual NC in the Region, Memorndum of Understndi SOUTH EAST EUROPEAN REGION OF GIGRE (SEERG) The first document (MoU) submitted t the initil meeting in My 25, 2009 in Krnjsk cor (Sloveni) ws corrected in My I 3, 20r 3 during the