With Us or Against Us

Transcription

1 With Us or Against Us

2 The CERI Series in International Relations and Political Economy Series Editor, Christophe Jaffrelot This series consists of works emanating from the foremost French research center in international studies, the Paris-based Centre d Etudes et de Recherches Internationales (CERI), part of Sciences Po and associated with CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique). Founded in 1952, CERI has about sixty fellows drawn from different disciplines who conduct research on comparative political analysis, international relations, regionalism, transnational flows, political sociology, political economy and on individual states. This series focuses on the transformations of the international arena, in a world where the state, though its sovereignty is questioned, reinvents itself. The series explores the effects on international relations and the world economy of regionalization, globalization (not only of trade and finance but also of culture), and transnational flows at large.this evolution in world affairs sustains a variety of networks from the ideological to the criminal or terrorist. Besides the geopolitical transformations of the globalized planet, the new political economy of the world has a decided impact on its destiny as well, and this series hopes to uncover what that is. Published by Palgrave Macmillan: Politics In China: Moving Frontiers edited by Françoise Mengin and Jean-Louis Rocca Tropical Forests, International Jungle:The Underside of Global Ecopolitics by Marie-Claude Smouts, translated by Cynthia Schoch The Political Economy of Emerging Markets:Actors, Institutions and Financial Crises in Latin America by Javier Santiso Cyber China: Reshaping National Identities in the Age of Information edited by Françoise Mengin With Us or Against Us: Studies in Global Anti-Americanism edited by Tony Judt and Denis Lacorne

3 With Us or Against Us Studies in Global Anti-Americanism Edited by Tony Judt and Denis Lacorne

4 WITH US OR AGAINST US Tony Judt and Denis Lacorne, Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2005 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data With us or against us : studies in global anti-americanism / edited by Denis Lacorne, Tony Judt. p. cm. (CERI series in international relations and political economy) Papers derived from a conference jointly organized by the Remarque Institute and the Paris Center for the Study of International Relations (CERI) held in Paris in the fall of Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Anti-Americanism Congresses. 2. United States Relations Foreign countries Congresses. 3. September 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001 Congresses. I. Lacorne, Denis. II. Judt, Tony. III. Series. E840.W dc A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: June

5 Contents Acknowledgments Notes on Contributors vii ix Introduction: The Banality of Anti-Americanism 1 Denis Lacorne and Tony Judt 1. A New Master Narrative? Reflections on Contemporary Anti-Americanism 11 Tony Judt 2. Anti-Americanism and Americanophobia: A French Perspective 35 Denis Lacorne 3. Anti-Americanism in French and European Public Opinion 59 Gérard Grunberg 4. Is There a New Anti-Americanism? Reflections on Germany in Times of Global Simultaneity 75 Detlev Claussen 5. America s Best Friends in Europe: East-Central European Perceptions and Policies toward the United States 93 Jacques Rupnik 6. The Special Russian Way: The Origin and Evolution of Russian Perceptions about the United States 115 Nikolai Zlobin 7. Saudi Perceptions of the United States since 9/ F. Gregory Gause, III 8. The Palestinian Perception of America after 9/ Camille Mansour

6 vi Contents 9. Anti-Americanism in Pakistan 173 Mohammad Waseem 10. Three Sources of Anti-Americanism in Iran 189 Morad Saghafi 11. Uncle Sam to the Rescue? The Political Impact of American Involvement in ASEAN Security and Political Issues in the Wake of 9/ Farish A. Noor

7 Acknowledgments Our primary purpose in publishing this volume derived from a conference jointly organized by the Remarque Institute and the Paris Center for the Study of International Relations (CERI), held in Paris in the Fall of 2002 is to describe the complexity of anti-american sentiment in six distinct parts of the world: Western and Eastern Europe, Russia, the Middle-East, and Central and Southeast Asia. Publication of the conference proceedings was delayed in order to allow all the contributors to update their essays after the American invasion of Iraq. The case studies in this volume were selected to present a comprehensive understanding of Western and non-western perceptions of the United States since the second World War.* We would like to thank Yasmin Alibhai-Brown, Ali Buzurukov, Christophe Jaffrelot, Ivan Krastev, Zaki Laïdi, Philippe Roger, and Olivier Roy for acting as participants and discussants at the conference. Their insightful comments were particularly helpful to the authors in preparing the present volume. This project would not have been possible without the generous help of the German Marshall Fund of the United States. * Some contributors have chosen to cover a longer historical period, starting either with the very foundation of the United States or with the first U.S. settlements in Asia. See chapters 10 and 11. For practical reasons, we were not able to include Latin American countries, India, China, and Japan among our case studies.

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9 Notes on Contributors Detlev Claussen, professor for sociology and theory of culture and science at Hannover University (Germany), is the author of Theodor W. Adorno. Ein letztes Genie (Frankfurt/Main: S. Fischer Verlag, 2003) and Grenzen der Aufklärung. Zur gesellschaftsgeschichtlichen Genese des Antisemitismus (Frankfurt/Main: S. Fischer Verlag, 2005). F. Gregory Gause, III, associate professor of political science at the University of Vermont (United States) and director of the Middle East Studies Program. He is the author of Oil Monarchies (New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1994) and has published numerous articles on the politics of the Arabian Peninsula and the broader Middle East. Gérard Grunberg, deputy director and vice-provost for research, Institut d Etudes Politiques de Paris (Sciences Po), is the author of Vers un socialisme européen? (Paris: Hachette, 1997) and the coeditor of La démocratie à l épreuve, Une nouvelle approche de l opinion des Français (Paris: Presses de Sciences Po, 2002). Tony Judt, Erich Maria Remarque professor of European studies and director of the Remarque Institute at New York University (United States), is the author of Past Imperfect: French Intellectuals, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992), The Burden of Responsibility: Blum, Camus, Aron, and the French Twentieth Century (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), and Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945 (Penguin, United States, 2005). Denis Lacorne, research director at the CERI/Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques (Paris, France), and director of studies at the Graduate School of the Institut d études politiques de Paris, is the author of L Invention de la république. Le modèle américain (Paris: Hachette, 1991) and La Crise de l identité américaine. Du melting pot au multiculturalisme (Paris: Gallimard, 2005, 2nd edition). He is the coeditor, with Tony Judt, of Language, Nation and State. Identity

10 x Notes on Contributors Politics in a Multilingual Age (New York: Palgrave, 2004) and is completing a book on religion and politics in the United States (Paris: Gallimard, 2006). Camille Mansour, professor of international relations and Middle Eastern Studies at Paris I and Versailles Universities, is the author of Beyond Alliance: Israel in U.S. Foreign Policy (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994) and the editor of Israel: A General Survey (Beirut: Institute for Palestine Studies, 2004). He is the editor-in-chief of the Palestine Yearbook of International Law, published jointly by the Institute of Law at Birzeit University and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers (The Hague). Farish A. Noor, a Malaysian political scientist and human rights activist, is a researcher at the Zentrum Moderner Orient (Berlin, Germany) and the author of Islam Embedded: The Historical Development of the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party PAS (Kuala Lumpur: MSRI, 2004) and The Other Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur: Silverfish, 2003). He has written extensively on religiopolitical movements and parties in Southeast Asia. Jacques Rupnik, research director at the CERI/Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques (France), is the coauthor of L Europe des Vingt Cinq (Paris: Autrement, 2004), the editor of Les Européens face à l élargissement. Perceptions, acteurs, enjeux (Paris: Presses de Sciences Po, 2004), and the coeditor with Denis Lacorne and Marie-France Toinet of The Rise and Fall of Anti-Americanism. A Century of French Perception (London: Macmillan, 1990). Morad Saghafi, is the editor-in-chief, Goft-o-gu (Tehran, Iran). Mohammad Waseem, professor of political science and chair of the international relations department at the Quaid-i-Azam University (Islamabad, Pakistan), is the author of Politics and the State in Pakistan (1989) and of The 1993 Elections in Pakistan (1994). He held the Pakistan Chair at St Antony s College (Oxford), from 1995 to 1999 and is on the editorial board of three major academic journals: Ethnicities (Bristol), Contemporary South Asia (Bradford), and International Studies (New Delhi). Nikolai V. Zlobin, former professor at Moscow State University is senior fellow and director of Russian and Asian Programs at the Center for Defense Information (Washington, D.C., United States) and the author of International Communications (Chicago: M.E.

11 Notes on Contributors xi Sharpe, 2004). A leading expert on international security, terrorism, and relations between the United States and Russia, he is the executive editor of Demokratizatsiya, the Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization and the president of Washington ProFile, an international news agency, which he founded in He also writes a regular column for the Russain daily, Izvestia.