Gender Equity: A Long Way to Go

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Gender Equity: A Long Way to Go"

Kristian Campbell
5 years ago
Views:

1 Gender Equity: A Long Way to Go -Women Participation in Rangeland Resources Management in Northern Afghanistan Yi Shaoliang, Aga Khan Foundation (Afghanistan) 16 October 2012, Thimphu

2 Outline 1. Introduction 2. Rangeland Resources and Management in Afghanistan 3. Woman in rangeland resources management 4. Government and NGO efforts 5. Major problems faced by women 6. Encouraging Signs & Uncertainties

3 1. Afghanistan: Country snapshot -24 million(est., NRVA, 2007)) -75% rural -3.4 million (7.3. per hh) -Total fertility rate: 6.3 -Women mean age at first marriage: 17.9yr -more than half a million widows -Poverty rate: 36% (NRVA2007) Literacy: 28.1% (Total) male: 43.1% female: 12.6% (2000 est.)

4 1. Afghanistan: A country of extremes

5 1. Afghanistan: A country undergoing multiple changes Cultural Climate change socioeconomic Political -at different scale, intensity and speed; -impacting different gender in a different way; -Highly uncertain

6 1. Afghanistan: Frequent Drought and Impact

7 2. Rangelands in Afghanistan Rangelands: 45-80% used as rangelands

8 2. Rangelands in Afghanistan

9 2. Rangeland Resources in Afghanistan Sedentary system Settled transhumance systems Nomadic pastoral systems

10 3. Woman Participation in Rangeland Resources Management 3.1 Land Ownership 3.2 Roles of women in pastoral societies

$households having access to them A small fraction of women, mostly widows, do own lands (farming lands) on their own right$

11 3.1 Land Ownership Pasture/rangelands in Afghanistan are mostly used as common property resources: women together with the households having access to them A small fraction of women, mostly widows, do own lands (farming lands) on their own right

12 3.2 Women s role in pastoral societies Family wealth status Economic return Age Women participated in a lot of activities related to rangeland resources uses and management. However, women s role in Afghanistan is determined by many factors: Education/ capacity ethnicity What woman do/can do/will do Stigma Life cycle Household labor composition Religious sect

13 3.2 Women s role in agro-pastoral societies Common Rare Taking care of domestic work (cooking/children/) Weaving Milking Feeding animals Preparing diary products Gardening Herding Collecting hay Collecting medicinal products/vegetables Collecting firewood Farming in the field Doing business (shopping or trading)

15 4. Governmental & NGO efforts Education (schools/teacher training) Health/hygene Nutrition Employment Capacity building Saving groups Trading groups Alternative energy

16 5. Problems faced by women Economic Poverty Lack of control of the resources Limited Role in Decision-Making Social service/health Outmigration of Male Labors

17 5.1 Economic Poverty Female-headed households are among the poorest

18 5. 2 Lack of control of household resources Resources Access Control Women Men Women Men Cultivated land Livestock Forests Pasture Road Water sources Living house Household items Cash Health clinics schools

19 5.3 Limited Role in Decision-Making: at family level NRVA,

20 5.3Decision making: local governance How NO of often female DDA DDA female Members members attend meetings 12. Are Never women No female attending playing member an the active meetings role in DDA No 19 2 Have Has attended 1-2 members less than 50% of the 8 2 meetings Yes Total Attended More than 50% 3 of members the meetings Total Attended 75% of the meetings Attended all of the meetings 1 Total 25

21 5.3 Decision-making: NEW Rangeland resources management Institutions Province Total No. of PMCs/WUAs Total no. of PMCs/WUAs with woman members Takhar 23 2 (4 members) Bamyan 40 4 Baghlan 4 0 (out of 13-18) Badakshan 4 3 (1 out of 7)

22 Social mobilization without woman involvement

23 Hard to participate in this way

24 5.4 Insufficient Social Service Health/Medical care -(111 infant death/1000 live births) Education:..

25 5.5 Outmigration of male members Common in all the mountains/rural areas, but posing special problems for Afghanistan women Will this further marginalize women or provide a window for their empowerment?

26 6. Encouraging signs & uncertainties

27 6. Encouraging Signs and Uncertainties

28 Thank You

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of RESEARCH GRANTHAALAYAH A knowledge Repository

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of RESEARCH GRANTHAALAYAH A knowledge Repository ASSESSING INCOME GENERATION ACTIVITIES IN WEST AND CENTRAL DARFUR STATES Dr. Badreldin Mohamed Ahmed Abdulrahman 1, Dr. Tarig Ibrahim Mohamed Abdelmalik 2 1 Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics