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1 Academic Standards for Civics and Government 5.1. Principles and Documents of Government GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to A. Identify and explain the major arguments advanced for the necessity of government. SE/TE: TE: T48-T51 B. Describe historical examples of the importance of the rule of law. Sources Purposes Functions C. Analyze the principles and ideals that shape government. Constitutional government SE/TE: TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 5; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Notetaking Transparencies 32; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: ncp-0503 TE: T48-T51 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 5; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and 1

2 ; Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 41; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: ncp-0505 Liberal democracy Classical republicanism SE/TE: TE: T48-T51 Federalism SE/TE: , 155 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 5; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: ncp-0504 TE: T48-T51 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 5; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Progress Monitoring Transparencies 40; History Interactive at PHSchool.com: neh-0107; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nca-0504 D. Interpret significant changes in the basic documents shaping the government of Pennsylvania. The Great Law of 1682 Constitution of 1776 SE/TE: , , 158, TE: T48-T51 2

3 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 5; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and Constitution of 1790 Constitution of 1838 Constitution of 1874 Constitution of 1968 ; Witness History Audio CD: The Father of the Constitution, a Hopeful Future; Color Transparencies: Ratification of the Constitution; Notetaking Transparencies, 32; Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 40, 41; History Interactive at PHSchool.com, ncp-0503; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nca-0504, nca-0505 E. Analyze the basic documents shaping the government of the United States. Magna Carta SE/TE: TE: T40-T43 English Bill of Rights SE/TE: TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 3; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Witness History Audio CD: An Illegal Trade; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nce-0304 TE: T

4 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 3; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and Mayflower Compact SE/TE: 51 ; Witness History Audio CD: An Illegal Trade; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nce-0304 TE: T36-T39 Articles of Confederation SE/TE: TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 2; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and TE: T48-T51 Declaration of Independence SE/TE: TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 5; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Color Transparencies: Shay s Rebellion, Changing the Government; Progress Monitoring Transparencies 39; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nca-0502 TE: T44-T47 4

5 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 4; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and Federalist papers SE/TE: , TE: T48-T51 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 5; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Progress Monitoring Transparencies 41; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: ncp-0505 Anti-federalist writings SE/TE: , TE: T48-T51, T52-T55 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 5, 6; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Progress Monitoring Transparencies 42; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nca-0611 United States Constitution SE/TE: , , 158, TE: T48-T51 5

6 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 5; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Witness History Audio CD: The Father of the Constitution, a Hopeful Future; Color Transparencies: Ratification of the Constitution; Notetaking Transparencies, 32; Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 40, 41; History Interactive at PHSchool.com, ncp-0503; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nca-0504, nca-0505 F. Contrast the individual rights created by the Pennsylvania Constitution and those created by the Constitution of the United States. G. Describe the procedures for proper uses, display and respect for the United States Flag as per the National Flag Code. H. Explain and interpret the roles of framers of basic documents of government from a national and Pennsylvania perspective. I. Explain the essential characteristics of limited and unlimited governments and explain the advantages and disadvantages of systems of government. Confederal SE/TE: 350, TE: T68-T71 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 10; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Witness History Audio CD: Marching Off to War; Notetaking Transparencies, 54A; Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 60; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nca

7 Federal SE/TE: TE: T48-T51 Unitary TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 5; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Witness History Audio CD: Creating a Republic; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: ncp-0502 J. Explain how law protects individual rights and the common good. SE/TE: 147, 154, 159, 405, 423, TE: T48-T51, T76-T79 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 5, 12; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: neh-0107, nce-1202, nec-1508 K. Explain why symbols and holidays were created and the ideals they commemorate. L. Interpret Pennsylvania and United States court decisions that have impacted the principles and ideals of government. SE/TE: 207, 248, 342, 423, 528, 636, 815, 924, 964, 973, 1054, 1062, TE: T52-T55, T56-T59, T68-T71, T76-T79, T80- T83, T92-T95, T96-T99, T104-T107, T124-T127, T128-T131, T136-T139, T140-T143, T144-T147, T152-T155 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and 7

8 M. Interpret the impact of famous speeches and writings on civic life (e.g., The Gospel of Wealth, Declaration of Sentiments). ; History Interactive at PHSchool.com: nce-0631, nce-0708, nce-1603, nce-0613, neh-0115, nec-1509, nec-1508, nec- 1804, nec-1804, nec-1807 SE/TE: TE: T60-T63 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 8; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: ncp Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to A. Contrast the essential rights and responsibilities of citizens in systems of government. Autocracy Democracy Oligarchy Republic B. Analyze citizens rights and responsibilities in local, state and national government. C. Analyze skills used to resolve conflicts in society and government. 8

9 D. Analyze political leadership and public service in a republican form of government. E. Explain the importance of the political process to competent and responsible participation in civic life. F. Analyze the consequences of violating laws of Pennsylvania compared to those of the United States. G. Analyze political and civic participation in government and society How Government Works GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to A. Explain the structure, organization and operation of the local, state, and national governments including domestic and national policy-making. B. Compare the responsibilities and powers of the three branches within the national government. SE/TE: TE: T48-T51 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 5; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; History Interactive Online at PHSchool.com: ncp-0503 C. Explain how a bill becomes a law on a federal, state, and local level. D. Explain how independent government agencies create, amend and enforce regulatory policies. 9

10 Local (e.g., Zoning Board) State (e.g., Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission) National (e.g., Federal Communications Commission) SE/TE: , TE: T116-T119 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 22; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: neh-0905 E. Explain how citizens participate in choosing their leaders through political parties, campaigns and elections. SE/TE: , TE: T52-T55, T56-T59 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 6, 7; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and F. Explain the election process. Voter registration Primary Elections Caucuses SE/TE: TE: T56-T59 10

11 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 7; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and Political party conventions General Elections Electoral College SE/TE: G. Explain how the government protects individual rights. ; Notetaking Transparencies 41 TE: T48-T51 Equal protection Habeas Corpus SE/TE: 73, TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 5; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and TE: T40-T43, T72-T75 Right Against Self Incrimination TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 3, 11; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and 11

12 Double Jeopardy Right of Appeal Due Process H. Analyze how interest groups provide opportunities for citizens to participate in the political process. I. Analyze how and why government raises money to pay for its operation and services. J. Analyze the importance of freedom of the press. K. Identify and explain systems of government. Autocracy Democracy SE/TE: 72-79, , Oligarchy TE: T40-T43, T44-T47, T48-T51 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 3, 4, 5; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Witness History Audio CD: An Illegal Trade, Rights of the Colonists, Creating a Republic; Color Transparencies: Shay s Rebellion, Rousseau and Voltaire; Notetaking Transparencies, 31 Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nep-0114, nce-0304, nca

13 Republic 5.4. How International Relationships Function GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to A. Explain how the United States is affected by policies of nation-states, governmental and nongovernmental organizations. B. Explain the role of the United States in world affairs. SE/TE: 27, 29 TE: T32-T35 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 1; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; History Interactive at PHSchool.com: neh-0103 C. Explain the effects United States political ideas have had on other nations. D. Contrast how the three branches of federal government function in foreign policy. SE/TE: TE: T52-T55 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 6; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and 13

14 E. Explain the development and the role of the United Nations and other international organizations, both governmental and nongovernmental. ; Witness History Audio CD: A Great Orator Speaks; Notetaking Transparencies, 35; Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 43; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nca-1621 SE/TE: 837 TE: T TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 24; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and Academic Standards for Economics 6.1. Economic Systems GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to A. Analyze the similarities and differences in economic systems. SE/TE: 1153 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and 14

15 B. Explain how traditional, command and market economies answer the basic economic questions. SE/TE: 1153 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and C. Explain how economic indicators reflect changes in the economy. Consumer Price Index (CPI) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) SE/TE: 1159 Unemployment rate TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and D. Describe historical examples of expansion, recession and depression in the United States. SE/TE: , 1082, 1112 TE: T122-T125, T160-T163 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 21, 33; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and 15

16 ; Witness History Audio CD: Stock Market Prosperity; Color Transparencies: Stock Market Crash; Notetaking Transparencies, 104A, 104B; Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 100; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nea Markets and the Functions of Governments GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to A. Explain the flow of goods, services and resources in a mixed economy. SE/TE: 1152, 1154 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and B. Analyze how the number of consumers and producers affects the level of competition within a market. C. Explain the structure and purpose of the Federal Reserve System. SE/TE: 1159 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and 16

17 D. Analyze the functions of economic institutions (e.g., corporations, not-for-profit institutions). SE/TE: TE: T80-T83 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 13; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and E. Explain the laws of supply and demand and how these affect the prices of goods and services. F. Analyze how competition among producers and consumers affects price, costs, product quality, service, product design, variety and advertising. G. Contrast the largest sources of tax revenue with where most tax revenue is spent in Pennsylvania. H. Analyze the economic roles of governments in market economies. Economic growth and stability Legal frameworks Other economic goals (e.g., environmental protection, competition) I. Explain how government provides public goods. 17

18 J. Contrast the taxation policies of the local, state and national governments in the economy. K. Interpret how media reports can influence perceptions of the costs and benefits of decisions. L. Explain how the price of one currency is related to the price of another currency (e.g., Japanese yen in American dollar, Canadian dollar in Mexican nuevo peso) Scarcity and Choice GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to A. Describe ways to deal with scarcity. Community Pennsylvania United States B. Analyze how unlimited wants and limited resources affect decision- making. C. Explain how resources can be used in different ways to produce different goods and services. D. Explain marginal analysis and decisionmaking. E. Explain the opportunity cost of a public choice from different perspectives. SE/TE:

19 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and F. Explain how incentives affect the behaviors of workers, savers, consumers and producers Economic Interdependence GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to A. Explain why specialization may lead to increased production and consumption. B. Explain how trade may improve a society's standard of living. C. Explain why governments sometimes restrict or subsidize trade. D. Explain how the location of resources, transportation and communication networks and technology have affected United States economic patterns. Labor markets (e.g., migrant workers) Interstate highway system and sea and inland ports (e.g., movement of goods) Communication technologies (e.g., facsimile transmission, satellite-based communications) E. Analyze how Pennsylvania consumers and producers participate in the global production and consumption of goods or services. F. Explain how opportunity cost can be used to determine the product for which a nation has a comparative advantage. SE/TE:

20 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and G. Describe geographic patterns of economic activities in the United States. Primary extractive industries (i.e., farming, fishing, forestry, mining) Secondary materials processing industries (i.e., manufacturing) Tertiary service industries (e.g., retailing, wholesaling, finance, real estate, travel and tourism, transportation) 6.5. Work and Earnings GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to A. Define wages and explain how wages are determined by the supply of and demand for workers. B. Describe how productivity is measured and identify ways in which a person can improve his or her productivity. C. Identify and explain the characteristics of the three types of businesses. Sole proprietorship Partnership Corporation D. Analyze how risks influence business decision-making. 20

21 E. Define wealth and describe its distribution within and among the political divisions of the United States. F. Identify leading entrepreneurs in Pennsylvania and the United States and describe the risks they took and the rewards they received. G. Explain the differences among stocks, bonds and mutual funds. SE/TE: 1159 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and H. Explain the impact of higher or lower interest rates for savers, borrowers, consumers and producers. Academic Standards for Geography 7.1. Basic Geographic Literacy GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to... A. Explain geographic tools and their uses. Development and use of geographic tools Geographic information systems [GIS] Population pyramids SE/TE: 83, 1148 TE: T40-T43 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 3; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and 21

22 Cartograms Satellite-produced images SE/TE: 1106 TE: T160-T163 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 33; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and Climate graphs SE/TE: 1145 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and Access to computer-based geographic data (e.g., Internet, CD-ROMs) Construction of maps ; Geography Interactive Online at PHSchool.com 22

23 Projections Scale Symbol systems Level of generalization Types and sources of data Geographic representations to track spatial patterns Weather Migration SE/TE: 5, 36, 447, 486, 499 TE: T32-T35, T36-T39, T84-T87 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 1, 2, 14; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Geography Interactive Online at PHSchool.com: nch-1405, ncp-1501 Environmental change (e.g., tropical forest reduction, sea-level changes) SE/TE: 573 TE: T96-T99 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 17; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Geography Interactive Online at PHSchool.com: nep

24 Mental maps to organize and understand the human and physical features of the United States B. Explain and locate places and regions. How regions are created to interpret Earth's complexity (i.e., the differences among formal regions, functional regions, perceptual regions) How characteristics contribute to regional changes (e.g., economic development, accessibility, demographic change) SE/TE: 82, 499, 509 TE: T40-T43, T88-T91 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 3, 15; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Geography Interactive Online at PHSchool.com: ncp-0305, nca-1502, ncp How culture and experience influence perceptions of places and regions How structures and alliances impact regions SE/TE: 88, 121, 126, 217, 247, 309, 589, 643, 851, 876 TE: T40-T43, T44-T47, T52-T55, T56-T59, T64- T67, T104-T107, T128-T131 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 19, 25; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and 24

25 Development (e.g., First vs. Third World, North vs. South) ; Geography Interactive Online at PHSchool.com: ncp-0307, ncp-0405, ncp- 0408, ncp-0641, ncp-0706, ncp-0904, nep-1213 SE/TE: 499 TE: T88-T91 Trade (e.g., NAFTA, the European Union) SE/TE: 1115, 1160 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 15; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Geography Interactive Online at PHSchool.com: ncp-1501 TE: T160-T163 International treaties (e.g., NATO, OAS) TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 33; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and How regions are connected (e.g., watersheds and river systems, patterns of world trade, cultural ties, migration) SE/TE: 13, 16, 25, 28, 77, 509, 1132 TE: T32-T35, T40-T43, T88-T91, T160-T163 25

26 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 1, 3, 15, 33; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and 7.2 The Physical Characteristics of Places and Regions GRADE 9 ; Geography Interactive Online at PHSchool.com: ncp-0105, nep-0107, nca Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to... A. Explain the physical characteristics of places and regions including spatial patterns of Earth s physical systems. Climate regions SE/TE: 1144 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and Landform regions SE/TE: 1142 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and 26

27 B. Explain the dynamics of the fundamental processes that underlie the operation of Earth s physical systems. Wind systems Water cycle Erosion/deposition cycle Plate tectonics Ocean currents Natural hazards 7.3 The Human Characteristics of Places and Regions GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to.. A. Explain the human characteristics of places and regions by their population characteristics. Spatial distribution, size, density and demographic characteristics of population at the state and National level SE/TE: 908, 1148 TE: T132-T135 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 26; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and * Demographic structure of a population (e.g., life expectancy, fertility rate, mortality rate, infant mortality rate, population growth rate, the demographic transition model) SE/TE: 208, 351, 392, 486, 883,

28 TE: T52-T55, T68-T71, T72-T75, T84-T87, T132-T135, T148-T151 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 6, 10, 11, 14, 26, 30; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Geography Interactive Online at PHSchool.com: ncp-0631, ncp-1009, ncp- 1110, nep-1711 Effects of different types and patterns of human movement SE/TE: 36, 121, 208, , 300, , 367, 381, 509 Mobility (e.g., travel for business) TE: T36-T39, T52-T55, T56-T59, T64-T67, T72- T75, T88-T91 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 2, 6, 7, 9, 11, 15; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Geography Interactive Online at PHSchool.com: ncp-0202, ncp-0405, ncp- 0631, ncp-0902, ncp-1102, nca-1502 Migration (e.g., rural to urban, short term vs. long term, critical distance) SE/TE: 269, 465, 477, 486, 634, 714, 1059 TE: T60-T63, T84-T87, T104-T107, T112-T115, T152-T155 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 8, 14, 19, 21, 31; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and 28

29 ; Geography Interactive Online at PHSchool.com: neh-1405 B. Explain the human characteristics of places and regions by their cultural characteristics. Ethnicity of people at national levels (e.g., customs, celebrations, languages, religions) Culture distribution (e.g., ethnic enclaves and neighborhoods) Cultural diffusion (e.g., acculturation and assimilation, cultural revivals of language) C. Explain the human characteristics of places and regions by their settlement characteristics. Current and past settlement patterns in Pennsylvania and the United States SE/TE: 8, 67, 138, 312, 335, 336, 394, 499, 589, 597, 608 TE: T32-T33, T40-T43, T48-T51, T64-T67, T68- T71, T72-T75, T88-T91 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 1, 9, 10, 11; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Geography Interactive Online at PHSchool.com: nep-0103, nep-0302, nep- 0906, ncp-1003, ncp-1004, ncp-1110, ncp- 1501, nep-0502, nep-0505, nep

30 Forces that have re-shaped modern settlement patterns (e.g., central city decline, suburbanization, the development of transport systems) SE/TE: 473, , , TE: T84-T87, T104-T107, T132-T135 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 26; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Geography Interactive Online at PHSchool.com: ncp-1404, nea-0604, nea- 1303, nea-1306 Internal structure of cities (e.g., manufacturing zones, inner and outer suburbs, the location of infrastructure) SE/TE: TE: T96-T99 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 17; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Witness History DVD: The Jungle; Witness History Audio CD: Children in the Coal Mine; Color Transparencies: City Commission; Notetaking Transparencies, 86; Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 82; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nea-0402 D. Explain the human characteristics of places and regions by their economic activities. * Spatial distribution of economic activities in Pennsylvania and the United States (e.g., patterns of agriculture, forestry, mining, retailing, manufacturing, services) 30

31 Factors that shape spatial patterns of economic activity both Nationally and internationally (e.g., comparative advantage in location of economic activities; changes in resource trade; disruption of trade flows) SE/TE: 82, 394, 573 TE: T40-T43, T72-T75, T96-T99 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 3, 11, 17; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Geography Interactive Online at PHSchool.com: ncp-0305, ncp-1110 Technological changes that affect the definitions of, access to, and use of natural resources (e.g., the role of exploration, extraction, use and depletion of resources) SE/TE: 230, 441, 509, 606, 1147 TE: T56-T59, T80-T83, T88-T91, T100-T103 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 7, 13, 15, 18; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Geography Interactive Online at PHSchool.com: nep-0702, nca-1502 E. Explain the human characteristics of places and regions by their political activities. Spatial pattern of political units in the United States SE/TE: 239, 259, , 424, 538, 577, 886, 998, 1013, 1080,

32 TE: T56-T59, T68-T71, T76-T79, T92-T95, T96- T99, T132-T135, T144-T147, T156-T159, T160- T163 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 7, 10, 12, 1617, 26, 29, 32, 33; Reading and Notetaking Study Guide; Adapted Reading and Notetaking Study Guide; Spanish Reading and Notetaking Study Guide ; History Interactive Online at PHSchool.com: neh-1110, ncp-1008, ncp-1202, nep-1606, nep-1607, nep-3341 Geographic factors that affect decisions made in the United States (e.g., territorial expansion, boundary delineation, allocation of natural resources) SE/TE: 138, 132 TE: T48-T51, T72-T75 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 5, 11; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and Political and public policies that affect geography (e.g., open space, urban development) 7.4 The Interactions Between People and Places GRADE 9 32

33 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to A. Explain the impacts of physical systems on people. How people depend on, adjust to and modify physical systems on a National scale (e.g., soil conservation programs, projects of The Corps of Engineers) Ways in which people in hazard-prone areas adjust their ways of life (e.g., building design in earthquake areas, dryfarming techniques in drought-prone areas) B. Explain the impacts of people on physical systems. Forces by which people modify the physical environment (e.g., increasing population; new agricultural techniques; industrial processes and pollution) SE/TE: 573, 1138 TE: T96-T99 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Geography Interactive Online at PHSchool.com: nep-0407 Spatial effects of activities in one region on another region (e.g., scrubbers on power plants to clean air, transportation systems such as Trans-Siberian Railroad, potential effects of fallout from nuclear power plant accidents) Academic Standards for History 8.1. Historical Analysis and Skills Development 33

34 GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to... A. Analyze chronological thinking. Difference between past, present and future SE/TE: 683 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and Sequential order of historical narrative SE/TE: 44, 49, 85, 89, 105, 108, 112, 119, 123, 206, 219, 310, 498 TE: T36-T39, T44-T47M T52-T55, T64-T67, T88- T91 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and Data presented in time lines SE/TE: 28-29, 60-61, 90-91, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

35 TE: T32-T35, T36-T39, T40-T43, T44-T47, T48- T51, T52-T55, T56-T59, T60-T63, T64-T67, T68- T71, T72-T75, T76-T79, T80-T83, T84-T87, T88- T91, T92-T95, T96-T99, T100-T103, T104-T107, T108-T111, T112-T115, T116-T119, T120-T123, T124-T127, T128-T131 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; History Interactive Online at PHSchool.com: nep-0112, ncp-0213, ncp-0311, ncp-0411, ncp-0504, ncp-0651, ncp-0713, ncp- 0808, ncp-0909, ncp-1203, ncp-1341, ncp- 1410, ncp-1503, nep-1610, nep-0412, nep- 0513, nep-0610, nep-0711, nep-0808, nep- 0910, nep-1010, nep-1114, nep-1212 Continuity and change SE/TE: 27, 154, 239, 268, 330, 408, 450, 477, 501, 526, 563, 590, 622, 674, 753, 872, 939, 967, 1006, 1038, 1130 Context for events B. Analyze and interpret historical sources. TE: T32-T35, T48-T51, T56-T59, T60-T63, T68- T71, T76-T79, T80-T83, T84-T87, T88-T91, T92- T95, T96-T99, T100-T103, T104-T107, T108- T111, T116-T119, T128-T131, T136-T139, T140-T143, T144-T147, T148-T151, T160-T163 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and Literal meaning of historical passages SE/TE: 211, 315, 387, 575, 603, 808, 1011 TE: T52-T55, T64-T67, T72-T75, T96-T99, T100-T103, T124-T127, T144-T147 35

36 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and Data in historical and contemporary maps, graphs, and tables SE/TE: SH21, SH22, 22, 49, 54, 59, 68, 75, 90, 99, 121, 128, 146, 155, 194, 203, 217, 237, 251, 260, 294, 336, 340, 350, 356, 396, , 424, 425 TE: T32-T35, T36-T39, T40-T43, T44-T47, T48- T51, T52-T55, T56-T59, T60-T63, T68-T71, T72- T75, T76-T79 TR: Skills Handbook, SH26, SH27; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Geography Interactive Online at PHSchool.com: ncp-0206, ncp-0208, ncp- 0210, ncp-0405, ncp-0641, ncp-1004, ncp-1202 Different historical perspectives SE/TE: 30, 284, 328, 426, 443, 565, 673, 738, 847, 954, 996, 1025, 1121 TE: T32-T35, T60-T63, T68-T71, T76-T79, T80- T83, T96-T99, T108-T111, T116-T119, T128- T131, T140-T143, T144-T147, T148-T151, T160-T163 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and 36

37 Data from maps, graphs and tables SE/TE: SH21, SH22, 22, 49, 54, 59, 68, 75, 90, 99, 121, 128, 146, 155, 194, 203, 217, 237, 251, 260, 294, 336, 340, 350, 356, 396, , 424, 425 TE: T32-T35, T36-T39, T40-T43, T44-T47, T48- T51, T52-T55, T56-T59, T60-T63, T68-T71, T72- T75, T76-T79 TR: Skills Handbook, SH26, SH27; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Geography Interactive Online at PHSchool.com: ncp-0206, ncp-0208, ncp- 0210, ncp-0405, ncp-0641, ncp-1004, ncp-1202 Visual data presented in historical evidence SE/TE: SH23, 17, 30, 38, 46-47, 68-69, 74, 92, , , , , 398, , 456, , 488, , 506, , , 575, 582 C. Analyze the fundamentals of historical interpretation. Fact versus opinion SE/TE: 456, 728 TE: T32-T35, T36-T39, T40-T43, T48-T51, T56- T59, T72-T75, T80-T83, T84-T87, T88-T91, T96- T99 TR: Skills Handbook, SH28; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; History Interactive Online at PHSchool.com: ncp-0113, ncp-0205, nep-0114, ncp-0503, ncp-0632, ncp-0705, ncp-1109, ncp- 1320, ncp-1504, nep-1610 TE: T80-T83, T112-T115 37

38 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and Reasons/causes for multiple points of view SE/TE: SH25, 69, 105, , 156, 160, 215, 284, 306, 307, 328, 356, 398, 406, 426, 443, 565, 591, 614, 627, 673, 847, 948, 954, 996, 1025, 1070, 1126 TE: T32-T35, T36-T39, T44-T47, T48-T51, T52- T55, T56-T59, T60-T63, T64-T67, T68-T71, T72- T75, T76-T79, T80-T83, T96-T99, T100-T103, T104-T107, T128- T136-T139, T140-T143, T144-T147, T148-T151, T152-T155, T160-T163 TR: Skills Handbook, SH 29; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and Illustrations in historical documents and stories SE/TE: SH23, 70, 76, 109, 136, 160, 277, 341, 398, 411, , 455, , 549, 615, 673, 677, 706, 711, , 737, 746, 784 TE: T40-T43, T44-T47, T48-T51, T60-T63, T64- T67, T76-T79, T80-T83, T84-T87, T96-T99, T100-T103, T112-T115, T116-T119 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; History Interactive Online at PHSchool.com: ncp

39 Causes and results SE/TE: SH27, 19, 26, 28, 39, 42, 62, 71, 74, 90, 92, 160, 211, 219, 247, 249, 254, 260, 277, 294, 316, 428, 436, 442, 457, 458, 460, 488 TE: T32-T35, T36-T39, T40-T43, T48-T51, T52- T55, T56-T59, T60-T63, T64-T67, T76-T79, T80- T83, T84-T87 TR: Skills Handbook, SH 32; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nea-0110 Author or source used to develop historical narratives SE/TE: SH24, 356, 430, 460, 516, 1014 TE: T68-T71, T76-T79, T80-T83, T88-T91, T144-T147 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and Central issue SE/TE: 30, 49, 127, 130, 141, 160, 203, 261, 311, 318, 329, 338, 457, 504, 595, 698, 728, 739, 747, 798, 859, 875, 895, 901, 933 TE: T36-T39, T44-T47, T48-T51, T52-T55, T64- T67, T68-T71, T80-T83, T88-T91, T108-T111, T112-T115, T116-T119, T120-T123, T128-T131 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and 39

40 D. Analyze and interpret historical research. Historical event (time and place) SE/TE: 71, 84, 475, 485, 551, 575 TE: T40-T43, T84-T87, T96-T99 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and Facts, folklore and fiction SE/TE: 273, 379, 556, 687, 725 Historical questions SE/TE: SH26, 1026 TE: T60-T63, T72-T75, T96-T99, T108-T111, T112-T115 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and TE: T148-T151 TR: Skills Handbook, SH31; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and 40

41 Primary sources SE/TE: SH24, 31, 63, 93, 93, 131, 149, 161, 204, 223, 263, 282, 295, 319, 357, 372, 399, 449, 461, 489, 517, 543, 583, 615, 907, 1014 TE: T32-T35, T36-T39, T40-T43, T44-T47, T48- T51, T52-T55, T56-T59, T60-T63, T64-T67, T68- T71, T72-T75, T80-T83, T84-T87, T88-T91, T92- T95, T96-T99, T100-T103, T132, T135, T144- T147 TR: Skills Handbook, SH24, SH29; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and Secondary sources SE/TE: 865, 895, 907, 944 TE: T128-T131, T132-T135, T136-T139 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and Conclusions (e.g., History Day projects, mock trials, speeches) SE/TE: SH29, 37, 49, 59, 71, 84, 89, 130, 156, 160, 197, 222, 238, 247, 254, 262, 294, 310, 315, 329, 356, 395, 398, 409, 430 TE: T36-T39, T40-T43, T48-T51, T52-T55, T56- T59, T60-T63, T64-T67, T68-T71, T72-T75, T76- T79 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and 41

42 Credibility of evidence SE/TE: 30, 32-35, 92, 398, 430, 542, 654, 698, 724, 766, 1014, Pennsylvania History GRADE 9 TE: T40-T43, T72-T75, T76-T79, T92-T95, T104-T107, T108-T111, T112-T115, T116-T119, T144-T147, T160-T163 TR: Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to analyze cultural, economic, geographic, political and social relations to... A. Analyze the political and cultural contributions of individuals and groups to Pennsylvania history from 1787 to Political Leaders (e.g., James Buchanan, Thaddeus Stevens, Andrew Curtin) SE/TE: , 404 TE: T68-T71, T72-T75 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 10, 11; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Notetaking Transparencies, 52 42

43 Military Leaders (e.g., George Meade, George McClellan, John Hartranft) SE/TE: , 364, 366 TE: T72-T75 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 11; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Notetaking Transparencies, 54B, 57; Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 62; History Interactive Online at PHSchool.com: ncp-1103, ncp-1107 Cultural and Commercial Leaders (e.g., John J. Audubon, Rebecca Webb Lukens, Stephen Foster) Innovators and Reformers (e.g., George Westinghouse, Edwin Drake, Lucretia Mott) SE/TE: , TE: T60-T63, T80-T83 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 8, 13; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Witness History Audio CD: Celebrating the Nation s Centennial; Color Transparencies: Industry in the United States, Seneca Falls Convention; Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 70; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nca

44 B. Identify and analyze primary documents, material artifacts and historic sites important in Pennsylvania history from 1787 to Documents, Writings and Oral Traditions (e.g., Pennsylvania Constitutions of 1838 and 1874, The Gettysburg Address, The Pittsburgh Survey) SE/TE: TE: T72-T75 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 11; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Notetaking Transparencies, 57; Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 65; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nca-1108 Artifacts, Architecture and Historic Places (e.g., Gettysburg, Eckley Miners Village, Drake s Well) SE/TE: TE: T72-T75 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 11; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Notetaking Transparencies, 57; Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 65; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nca-1108 C. Identify and analyze how continuity and change have influenced Pennsylvania history from the 1787 to Belief Systems and Religions (e.g., Ephrata Cloister, Harmonists, Amish, immigrant influences) 44

45 Commerce and Industry (e.g., mining coal, producing iron, harvesting timber) Innovations (e.g., John Roebling s steel cable, steel-tipped plow, improved techniques for making iron, steel and glass) SE/TE: TE: T80-T83 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 13; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Witness History Audio CD: Celebrating the Nation s Centennial; Color Transparencies: Industry in the United States; Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 70; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nca-1311 Politics (e.g., Fugitive Slave Act reaction, canal system legislation, The Free School Act of 1834) Settlement Patterns (e.g., farms and growth of urban centers) Social Organization (e.g., the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition of 1876, prohibition of racial discrimination in schools) SE/TE: TE: T80-T83 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 13; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and 45

46 Transportation (e.g., canals, National Road, Thompson s Horseshoe Curve) ; Witness History Audio CD: Celebrating the Nation s Centennial; Color Transparencies: Industry in the United States; Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 70; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nca-1311 SE/TE: , TE: T56-T59. T80-T83 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 7, 13; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Witness History Audio CD: Dawn of the Industrial Age, Celebrating the Nation s Centennial; Color Transparencies: Canals Improve Transportation; Industry in the United States; Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 46, 70; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nca-0703, nca-1311 Women s Movement (e.g., work of the Equal Rights League of Pennsylvania) D. Identify and analyze conflict and cooperation among social groups and organizations in Pennsylvania history from 1787 to Domestic Instability (e.g., impact of war, 1889 Johnstown Flood) Ethnic and Racial Relations (e.g., Christiana riots, disenfranchisement and restoration of suffrage for African- Americans, Carlisle Indian School) Labor Relations (e.g., National Trade Union, the Molly Maguires, Homestead steel strike) 46

47 Immigration (e.g., Anti-Irish Riot of 1844, new waves of immigrants) Military Conflicts (e.g., Battle of Lake Erie, the Mexican War, the Civil War) 8.3. United States History GRADE 9 Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to analyze cultural, economic, geographic, political and social relations to... A. Identify and analyze the political and cultural contributions of individuals and groups to United States history from 1787 to Political Leaders (e.g., Daniel Webster, Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson) SE/TE: , , , TE: T68-T71, T56-T59, T72-T75, T76-T70 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 7, 10, 11, 12; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Witness History Audio CD: The President Falters; Color Transparencies: Forming the Confederacy, The National Bank; Notetaking Transparencies, 42; Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 61; History Interactive Online at PHSchool.com: ncp-1008; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nca-1010, nca-0710 Military Leaders (e.g., Andrew Jackson, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant) SE/TE: , , , TE: T56-T59, T72-T75 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 7, 11; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and 47

48 Cultural and Commercial Leaders (e.g., Jane Addams, Jacob Riis, Booker T. Washington) ; Witness History Audio CD: The South Surrenders, The People s President ; Color Transparencies: City Commission; Notetaking Transparencies, 41, 57, 58A; Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 49, 65; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nca-0709, nca-1108 SE/TE: 522, , TE: T92-T95, T96-T99 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 16, 17; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Color Transparencies: Organizing for Civil Rights; History Interactive Online at PHSchool.com: nep-0403 Innovators and Reformers (e.g., Alexander G. Bell, Frances E. Willard, Frederick Douglass) SE/TE: 283, 367, 439, 520, 527 TE: T60-T63, T72-T75, T80-T83, T92-T95 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 8, 11, 13, 16; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Witness History Audio CD: Frederick Douglass Laments the Color Line 48

49 B. Identify and analyze primary documents, material artifacts and historic sites important in United States history from 1787 to Documents (e.g., Fugitive Slave Law, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Emancipation Proclamation) SE/TE: , 327, , 372 TE: T64-T67, T68-T71, T72-T75 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 9, 10, 11; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and 19th Century Writings and Communications (e.g., Stowe s Uncle Tom s Cabin, Brown s Washed by Blood, Key s Star Spangled Banner ) SE/TE: 217, 332, , 338 TE: T52-T55, T68-T71 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 6, 10; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and Historic Places (e.g., The Alamo, Underground Railroad sites, Erie Canal) SE/TE: 229, 279, , TE: T56-T59, T60-T63, T64-T67 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 7, 8, 9; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and 49

50 ; Witness History DVD: The Struggle Over Slavery C. Analyze how continuity and change has influenced United States history from 1787 to Belief Systems and Religions (e.g., 19th century trends and movements) SE/TE: , 292, TE: T60-T63, T96-T99 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 8, 17; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Witness History DVD: The Jungle; Witness History Audio CD: Religious Revival, Children in the Coal Mines; Color Transparencies: Growing Interest in Religion; Notetaking Transparencies, 86; Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 51, 82; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nea-0402, nca-0802 Commerce and Industry (e.g., growth of manufacturing industries, economic nationalism) SE/TE: , , , , TE: T56-T59, T80-T83, T88-T91, T92-T95, T96- T99 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 7, 13, 15, 16, 17; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and 50

51 Innovations (e.g., Brooklyn Bridge, refrigerated shipping, telephone) ; Witness History Audio CD: A Nation of Farming and Industry, Black and White Together, A Bold Leader; Color Transparencies: Industry in the United States, Railroads Connect the South; Notetaking Transparencies, 39, 62, 89A; Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 47, 70; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nca-0704, nca-1311 SE/TE: , TE: T80-T83, T84-T87 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 13, 14; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Witness History Audio CD: Celebrating the Nation s Centennial; Color Transparencies: City Commission; Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 70; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nca-1311 Politics (e.g., election of 1860, impeachment of Andrew Johnson, Jim Crow laws) SE/TE: , , 239, , , , , , , TE: T52-T55, T56-T59, T68-T71, T92-T95 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 6, 7, 10, 16; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and 51

52 Settlement Patterns and Expansion (e.g., Manifest Destiny, successive waves of immigrants, purchase of Alaska and Hawaii) ; Witness History Audio CD: A Great Orator Speaks, In the Spirit of Nationalism, The People s President, Debate Over States Rights, Why Limit Slavery, The Gilded Age; Color Transparencies: The First President, The National Bank, Coinage of Silver, Forming the Confederacy; Notetaking Transparencies, 34, 40, 41, 42, 50, 52, 72; Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 42, 48, 49 50, 58, 60, 80; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nca-0611, nca-1621, neh-0110, nca-0707, nca-0709, nca-0710, nea-1604, nca- 0710, nca-1002, nca-1007, ncp-1008, ncp- 1009, nca-1010 SE/TE: , , , , , , TE: T52-T55, T64-T67, T84-T87 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 9, 14, 15; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Witness History DVD: The New American City; Witness History Audio CD: A Pioneer Woman Heads West, Traveling West, Seeking a Mountain of Gold, A Fiery Trade, Creating a New South, America Eyes Hawaii; Color Transparencies: Mining for Gold, Subway Systems, American Imperialism; Notetaking Transparencies, 47, 49, 66; Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 55, 57, 61, 74, 87; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: ncp-0903, nca-0907, nca-1406, nea-1501, nea-0504, neh

53 Social Organization (e.g., social class differences, women s rights and antislavery movement, education reforms) SE/TE: , , , 292, , , , TE: T56-T59, T60-T63, T68-T71, T84-T87, T92- T95, T96-T99 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 7, 8, 10, 14, 16, 17; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Witness History DVD: The Struggle Over Slavery; Witness History Audio CD: Improving Society, The Evils of Slavery, Slavery and Union, America Takes to Wheels, Frederick Douglass Laments the Color Line, Voices of Protest; Color Transparencies: African- Americans in the South, Tuskegee Institute, Organization for Civil Rights ; Notetaking Transparencies, 44, 45A, 45B, 51A; Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 52, 53, 59, 74, 78; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nca-0803, nca-0804, nca-1005, nca-1407, nca- 1503, nea-1602, nea-0406 Transportation and Trade (e.g., Pony Express, telegraph, Transcontinental Railroad) SE/TE: , TE: T56-T59, T88-T91 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 7, 15; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and 53

54 Women s Movement (e.g., roles in the Civil War, medical college for women, Seneca Falls Conference) ; Witness History Audio CD: Dawn of the Industrial Age, A Test of Courage; Color Transparencies: Canals Improve, Transportation, Boom Towns; Notetaking Transparencies, 70; Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 46; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nca-0703 SE/TE: , 292, 526, 527, 557, 563 TE: T60-T63, T92-T95, T96-T99 TR: Teaching Resources Chapters 8, 16; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and ; Witness History Audio CD: Equality for Women, Women at Work; Color Transparencies: Seneca Falls Convention, Woman s Suffrage; Notetaking Transparencies, 46, 87; Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 54, 83; Progress Monitoring Online at PHSchool.com: nca-0805, nea-0404, ncp-0809 D. Identify and analyze conflict and cooperation among social groups and organizations in United States history from 1787 to Domestic Instability (e.g., wartime confiscation of private property, abolitionist movement, Reconstruction) SE/TE: , , TE: T76-T79 TR: Teaching Resources Chapter 12; Reading and ; Adapted Reading and ; Spanish Reading and 54