Name Chapter 8--Stratification: United States and Global Perspectives Description Instructions

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1 Name Chapter 8--Stratification: United States and Global Perspectives Description Instructions Modify Add Here 1 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Which of the following is NOT one of the three lessons about social stratification that is illustrated in Brym and Lie's discussion of the 1975 Italian movie, Swept Away. It is possible to be rich without working hard because one can inherit wealth. One can work hard without becoming rich. Something about human beings leads them to love the rich and hate the poor. Something about the structure of society causes inequality. Add Here 2 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Robinson Crusoe, Swept Away, and Titanic all illustrate issues of social inequality because they: illustrate patterns of social relations that underlie and shape inequality illustrate how Hollywood dramatizes social inequality criticize inequality in everyday life Add Here 3 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Robinson Crusoe, Swept Away, and Titanic all illustrate how social inequality can have powerful consequences for the way we live. They do this by: illustrating patterns of social relations that underlie and shape inequality illustrating how Hollywood minimizes social inequality criticizing inequality in everyday life Add Here 4 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The authors argue that Titanic examines: the inescapable patterns of social relations that underlie and shape inequality the personal determination of stratification the influence of media on our understanding of the world how love and crisis can overcome social stratification Add Here 5 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The idea that society is organized in layers or strata is called: sociology social stratification social organization social interaction social archeology Add Here 6 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove If you were to look at American society and see people organized into different layers based on their access to resources such as money or wealth, you would be thinking about: sociology social stratification social organization social interaction social archeology Add Here 7 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

2 The assets you own and control compose your: money sense of self social organization of everyday life income wealth Add Here 8 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove A home, a car, and some appliances are all examples of: money sense of self social organization of everyday life income wealth Add Here 9 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove What you are able to earn in a given period of time is known as your: money sense of self social organization of everyday life income wealth Add Here 10 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove According to Brym and Lie, there is greater disparity in the distribution of than in the distribution of. money, jobs wealth, income inheritance, pay income, wealth race, gender Add Here 11 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The reason that sociologists know little about the distribution of wealth is because: Americans hide their wealth Americans all have such great wealth compared to other countries Americans are not required to report their wealth In America assets are always greater than debt Add Here 12 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Thirty-seven percent of all national wealth is owned by: the government Bill Gates the richest 1% of Americans the richest 10% of Americans foreign governments Add Here 13 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Students of social stratification often divide populations into categories of unequal size that differ in their lifestyle. These are often called: income classes income strata wealth strata stratum income and wealth strata Add Here

3 14 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Sociologists divide populations into a number of equal-sized statistical categories, usually called: income classes income strata wealth strata stratum income and wealth strata Add Here 15 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove If a sociologist divides households into five separate and equal levels by income, this would be called: income classes income strata wealth strata stratum income and wealth strata Add Here 16 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The upper-upper class that comprises less than one percent of the United States population was once described as: patrician the elite the power elite old money new money Add Here 17 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Many members of the upper-upper class their wealth. squander inherit give away all hoard all hide all Add Here 18 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove In recent decades a substantial number of people have entered the upper-upper class. These people are called: patrician the elite the power elite old money new money Add Here 19 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove New members of the upper-upper class are: still overwhelmingly white overwhelmingly non-hispanic concentrated in high-tech areas Add Here 20 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Larry Ellison, the founder and CEO of Oracle, represents a case of: a patrician the technological elite the power elite old money new money

4 Add Here 21 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove As high-tech industry came to dominate Silicon Valley, it encouraged much upward mobility. It also: increased the cost of living, which hurt the middle class and the poor decreased the cost of living by increasing economic opportunities kept inequality level increased the cost of entering technological markets, which minimized the growth of the wealthy Add Here 22 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Over a lifetime, an individual may experience considerable movement up or down the stratification system. Sociologists call this movement: horizontal social mobility energized social stratification vertical social mobility increasing social expectation the social class consequence Add Here 23 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Which of the following increases during periods of economic restructuring, for example, the plant closings and layoffs the United States experienced in the 1980s and 1990s? upward mobility vertical mobility downward mobility organizational mobility high-tech industry Add Here 24 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the changing patterns of social stratification caused by the high-tech industry? high-technology industry squeezed the middle class and encouraged downward mobility high-technology industry helped to create a new division in the lower-upper class-the "poor rich" high technology industry lowered the value of unskilled work high-technology industry swelled the ranks of the poor Add Here 25 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Variations in income and wealth between countries is known as: inequity global mobility global inequality Add Here 26 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove When sociologists study the differences in income and wealth between countries, they are studying: social inequality global inequality gross international product cross-national variations in internal stratification Add Here 27 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove When sociologists are studying international differences in the gap between rich and poor within countries, they are studying: social inequality

5 global inequality gross international product cross-national variations in internal stratification Add Here 28 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove is the measure of income inequality that ranges from zero to one, measures the level of internal stratification, and allows researchers to compare inequality between societies: the strata rating the Gini index the Parsons theorem the stratification correlation Add Here 29 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove A Gini index of zero indicates that: every household in the country earns very different amounts of money every adult in the country earns the same amount of money every household in the country earns the same amount of money a single household earns the entire national income we cannot know how the national income is earned in a country Add Here 30 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove A Gini index of one indicates that: every household in the country earns very different amounts of money every adult in the country earns the same amount of money every household in the country earns the same amount of money a single household earns the entire national income we cannot know how the national income is earned in a country Add Here 31 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The construction of the first agricultural settlements were based on: large scale agriculture pastoralism horticulture slash and burn agriculture raiding Add Here 32 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The use of small hand tools to cultivate plants is known as: large scale agriculture pastoralism horticulture slash and burn agriculture raiding Add Here 33 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The domestication of animals is a characteristic of which form of agriculture? large scale agriculture pastoralism horticulture slash and burn agriculture raiding Add Here 34 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

6 Larry Ellison of Oracle achieved his position in the American stratification system based on: achievement luck social ritual ascription the wealth of his parents Add Here 35 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove If you do well on a sociology test because you studied and worked hard, this would illustrate a (n) -based accomplishment. achievement luck ritual ascription sociologically Add Here 36 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove In India, society was divided into. social classes castes occupation groups divisions Add Here 37 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove divide society into groups and subgroups arranged in a rigid hierarchy. classes castes occupation groups divisions Add Here 38 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove At first, the Industrial Revolution that began in the 1700s: eliminated stratification increased the level of stratification had a huge effect on stratification, in both directions did little to lower the level of stratification Add Here 39 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove During the Industrial Revolution, improvements in the technology and social organization of manufacturing allowed people to produce more goods, at a lower cost per unit, thereby: deskilling the populace reducing quality destroying "guilds" creating unions making a rise in living standards possible Add Here 40 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Which one of the following was NOT one of the factors that broke down social inequality following industrialization? improvements in technology of manufacturing made it possible to produce less expensive goods business required a literate, numerate, and highly trained work force workers struggled to join unions traditional inequality between men and women broke down as women entered the work force the number of high-technology jobs increased substantially Add Here

7 41 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The trend most responsible for the gap between the rich and poor increasing for the past fifty years is: the rise in high technology jobs the increase in connectivity the creation of the Internet the increase in middle level management jobs declining inflation Add Here 42 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove In medieval Western Europe, peasants worked small plots of land owned by landlords. The peasants were legally obliged to give their landlords a set amount of the harvest from the land and to continue to work for them under any circumstances. In return, the landlord protected the peasants and provided storehouses and fed the peasants in the event of crop failure. This economic system is known as: capitalism feudalism industrialism agrarianism Add Here 43 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Karl Marx argued that feudalism began to decline as manufacturing production increased. This: created a need for workers created a need for landowners created a need for serfs to generate the raw materials for industrial production created a trend toward unionization Add Here 44 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Marx argued that as the capitalist economy matured: the number of capitalists increased as business opportunities grew the number of workers decreased as the antagonism between workers and capitalists grew the capitalist class grew smaller and richer, while the working class grew larger and poorer the new working class became far wealthier than they had been as serfs Add Here 45 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Marx believed that workers would ultimately see themselves as belonging to the same exploited class. He called this growing awareness: class exploitation class-consciousness bourgeois identification proletarian identification revolutionary unconsciousness Add Here 46 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove According to Marx, a person's is determined by the source of his or her income or their "relationship to the means of production." exploitation class consciousness bourgeoisie proletariat class Add Here 47 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove According to Marx, what is determined by someone's "relationship to the means of production?" class exploitation

8 class consciousness bourgeoisie proletariat class Add Here 48 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Marx called those who do not own the "means of production" and work for wages: the haute cuisine the lumpenproletariat the bourgeoisie the proletariat the petty bourgeoisie Add Here 49 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Marx called members of the class that own the "means of production," such as factories, land, and tools: the dumplenproletariat das "uberman" the bourgeoisie the proletariat the petty bourgeoisie Add Here 50 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove According to Marx, the distinguishing factor in determining what class people are in is: the amount of income and wealth they possess the community in which they reside their level of influence in society their prestige the source of their income Add Here 51 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove A class of small-scale capitalists who own "means of production" but employ only a few workers or none at all are called: the haute kapital the nomenklatura the bourgeoisie the proletariat the petty bourgeoisie Add Here 52 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Which of the following are aspects of capitalist development that Marx did NOT accurately predict? industrial societies did not polarize into two oppressed classes a large and heterogeneous middle-class developed investment in technologies increased the wages of workers Communism took root and developed in industrially developed countries Add Here 53 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Class position in a stratification system is determined by, according to Max Weber. ownership of the "means of production" ownership of land parties market situation status groups Add Here 54 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove In Weber's view, the possession of goods, opportunities for income, level of education, and degree of technical skill

9 comprise one's: ownership of the "means of production" ownership of land parties market situation status groups Add Here 55 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Which of the following is NOT an aspect of Weber's "market situation?" possession of goods opportunities for income level of education degree of technical skills level of social honor Add Here 56 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Which of the following is NOT one of the four main social classes for Weber? large property owners small property owners relatively highly educated and well-paid employees who do not own property members of the intellectual elite, such as college professors manual workers who do not own property Add Here 57 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Groups of people that differ from one another in the prestige or social honor they enjoy and in their style of life are called: social classes status groups parties white-collar employees and professionals social celebrities Add Here 58 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove are not just political groups but, more generally, organizations that seek to impose their will on others. social classes status groups parties white-collar employees and professionals intellectual workers Add Here 59 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The idea that one can head a military, scientific, or other bureaucracy without being rich, just as one can be rich and still have to endure low prestige, illustrates the importance of : social classes status groups parties white-collar employees and professionals intellectual workers Add Here 60 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The idea that a judge's work contributes more to society than the work of a janitor is an illustration of which theory of stratification? Marxist Weberian functionalist conflict symbolic interactionist

10 Add Here 61 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove According to Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore, society needs to create incentives to motivate the most talented people to train for the most important jobs. This is an aspect of : Marxist Theory Weberian Theory functionalism conflict Theory a sociological theory Add Here 62 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Once people attain high-class standing they use their power to maintain their position and promote the interests of their families regardless of how talented their children are. For example, inheritance allows parents to transfer wealth to children regardless of their talent. This: poses a problem for the Marxist theory of stratification poses a problem for the Weberian theory of stratification poses a problem for the functional theory of stratification Add Here 63 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove According to Blau and Duncan, stratification in America is based mainly on: inheritance individual achievement luck social networks Add Here 64 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The average earnings and average years of education of men employed full time in various occupations is known as: a wealth score an income score the socioeconomic index of occupational status (SEI) the social status score (SSS) socioeconomic status (SES) Add Here 65 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Researchers combined income, education, and occupational prestige data to construct a(n): index of wealth index of income socioeconomic index of occupational status (SEI) social status score (SSS) index of socioeconomic status (SES) Add Here 66 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove To explain occupational achievement, Blau and Duncan used survey data. They concluded that: the respondent's own achievements had little influence on their occupational status the respondent's own achievements had much more influence on their occupational status than ascribed characteristics there were no clear patterns mother's social status and education were more influential than previously thought father's job and formal education were more influential than previously thought Add Here 67 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The approach to studying social stratification that focuses on the effects of family background and educational level on occupational achievement is called the:

11 status attainment model stratification model socioeconomic index of occupational status (SEI) social status score (SSS) socioeconomic status (SES) Add Here 68 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove While research has shown that the rate of social mobility for men in the United States is high and that most mobility has been upward, since the early 1970s: social mobility for men has increased geometrically social mobility for women has increased faster than men social mobility has decreased substantially social mobility has leveled off Add Here 69 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Social mobility within a single generation is called: intergenerational mobility intragenerational mobility structural mobility organizational mobility individual mobility Add Here 70 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Researchers have found that mobility for men within a single generation is: decreasing increasing always higher always lower generally modest Add Here 71 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Mobility for men over more than one generation can be substantial and is called: intergenerational mobility intragenerational mobility structural mobility organizational mobility individual mobility Add Here 72 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove One of the most dramatic changes during the late 19th and early 20th centuries was the decline in agriculture and the rise of manufacturing. This caused a big drop in the numbers of farmers and a corresponding surge in the number of factory workers. Mobility due to such changes in jobs is called: intergenerational mobility intragenerational mobility structural mobility organizational mobility individual mobility Add Here 73 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Blau and Duncan's study of social stratification has been criticized from many perspectives. However, most of the criticisms agree that: it is time bound it ignores the degree to which mobility is limited by gender, race, and class it is too international in scope it is too American in scope

12 Add Here 74 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Which of the following was NOT one of the criticisms made of Blau and Duncan's study of social stratification? They did not sample part-time and unemployed workers They underrepresented members of the working class They underrepresented African and Hispanic Americans Women were excluded from their research Younger workers were underrepresented Add Here 75 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Some of Blau and Duncan's critics suggest that it is insufficient to examine only the characteristics of individuals (such as years of education completed) when trying to explain status attainment. They state that it is also important to examine the characteristics of: all family members all classes groups the community Add Here 76 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove An adequate theory of class stratification must specify a small number of distinct classes because the larger the number of classes specified by the theory: the more complicated and less useful the explanation the greater the sampling problems the more the bias the less it will capture class differences Add Here 77 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Erik Olin Wright's basic distinction in class analysis is between: status categories and parties different levels of SES intellectual, physical, and service work modern and postmodern work Add Here 78 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove According to Wright, the basic distinction in class analysis is between property owners and non-owners. He also distinguishes between large, medium, and small owners based on how they: differ from one another in political activism to advocate their economic interests differ from one another in terms of how much status they possess differ from one another in terms of power differ from one another in terms of how much property they own and how many employees they have Add Here 79 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove For Wright, "organizational assets" refer to: decision-making authority the financial resources of an organization the political influence of a property owner Add Here 80 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove In Wright's theory, non-propertied people who have high skill and credential levels combined with no organizational assets are called:

13 managers organizational activists expert managers semi-credentialed mangers expert non-managers Add Here 81 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Which of the following is NOT one of Goldthorpe's basic divisions in employment relations? employers self-employed employees governmental employees Add Here 82 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove How do members of a status group signal their social rank? by displaying "taste" in fashion, food, music, literature, and behavior by organizing around political interests by communicating on the Internet by examining "bad taste" Add Here 83 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove According to Bourdieu, people acquire specific cultural tastes associated with their. This helps to distinguish them from people in other social positions. social classes parties jobs social position Add Here 84 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Many people who really can't afford to obey the rules of conspicuous consumption, waste, and leisure feel compelled to do so anyway. As a result, they go into debt to maintain their wardrobes because doing so: maintains the economy is not a problem because debt is overlooked in American society maintains prestige in the eyes of associates and strangers alike is the only way to successfully get a good job Add Here 85 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The percentage of Americans who fall below the poverty threshold is called: the poverty rate the homelessness rate the plight of the poor individual inequity Add Here 86 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Which of the following was NOT a policy initiative aimed at the problem of poverty in the United States? the introduction of various social support programs during the Great Depression the "War on Poverty" the reduction of welfare programs in the 1980s the "Death to Poverty Campaign" of the 1990s Add Here Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

14 87 Which of the following is NOT a myth about poverty that underlies the "war against the poor?" The overwhelming majority of poor people are African or Hispanic American single mothers. People are poor because they don't want to work. Poor people are trapped in poverty and cannot escape it. Welfare is a strain on the federal budget., that is, all of these are myths about poverty Add Here 88 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Surveys show that: few Americans have trouble placing themselves in the class structure when asked to do so most Americans know that the gaps between classes are large most Americans do not think that big gaps between classes are needed to motivate people to work hard most Americans think that inequality exists because it benefits the rich and powerful Add Here 89 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove According to Marx, one's relationship to the means of production determines one's: position status class value standing Add Here 90 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove According to Weber, class is determined by one's: market value market situation income family history social standing Add Here 91 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that Wright distinguishes classes: relationship to the means of production amount of property owned organizational assets family history skill Add Here 92 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Goldthorpe asserted that classes are determined mainly by: one's "employment relations" one's "relationship to power sources" one's "employable income ratio" one's "relationship to employable bodies" one's "employ d'egalitie" Add Here 93 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Many elements of "high culture", such as opera and abstract art, are inaccessible to most people because fully understanding them requires: training unheard of wealth special education professional help access to information

15 Add Here 94 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The movie Sweet Home Alabama achieves a happy ending by denying the often-difficult process of adapting to a new subculture as one experiences: class adaptation social upheaval social mobility economic uprising cultural capital improvement Add Here 95 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove One of the problems with the functional theory of stratification is that it is difficult to establish which jobs are important, especially when one takes a: functional perspective economic perspective historical perspective sociological perspective anthropomorphic perspective Add Here 96 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Wright and Goldthorpe created that specified criteria for distinguishing a small number of classes. class records class maps class guides class nomenclature classified status Add Here 97 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove For Goldthorpe, the basic division in employment relations is among: employers self-employed people employees all of the above none of the above Add Here 98 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Today, we have different ways of using clothes to signal: taste wealth prestige style status Add Here 99 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove A second noneconomic dimension of stratification is: education religion history politics economics Add Here 100 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove What has a profound impact on the distribution of opportunities and rewards in society? home life political life employment life

16 personal life educational life Add Here 101 / 0 points Modify Remove Social stratification pervades all aspects of social life. Add Here 102 / 0 points Modify Remove The richest 1% of American households own 37% of all national wealth, while the richest 10% own more than 70% of all national wealth. Add Here 103 / 0 points Modify Remove Income inequality has been declining in the United States for the past quarter of a century. Add Here 104 / 0 points Modify Remove Fueled by high-tech industries, the 1990s witnessed the longest economic boom in American history. Add Here 105 / 0 points Modify Remove Much of the wealth of the wealthy industrialized countries has come about because of the hard work, natural resources, and good business planning of these countries. Add Here 106 / 0 points Modify Remove Caste-like systems existed only in agricultural societies. Add Here 107 / 0 points Modify Remove Marx expected communism to take root in countries where industry and capitalism were the most developed. Add Here 108 / 0 points Modify Remove Weber states that to get an accurate picture of a society's stratification system, one must analyze classes, businesses, and religious groups. Add Here 109 / 0 points Modify Remove Research shows there are only small differences in rates of social mobility among the highly industrialized countries. The United States does not have an exceptionally high rate of upward social mobility. In fact, some countries, such as Australia and Canada, have higher upward mobility rates than the United States. Add Here 110 / 0 points Modify Remove

17 If you compare people with the same level of education and similar family backgrounds, women and minority groups tend to attain the same status as white men do. Add Here 111 / 0 points Modify Remove According to Wright, the basic distinction in class analysis is between property owners and non-owners. Add Here 112 / 0 points Modify Remove The difference between "good taste," "common taste," and "bad taste" are inherent in cultural objects themselves and are all equally accessible to all members of society. Add Here 113 / 0 points Modify Remove Often, rich people engage in conspicuous displays of consumption, waste, and leisure not because they are necessary, useful, or pleasurable but simply to impress their peers and inferiors. Add Here 114 / 0 points Modify Remove The overwhelming majority of poor people are African or Hispanic American single mothers with children. Add Here 115 / 0 points Modify Remove Surveys show that few Americans have trouble placing themselves in the class structure when asked to do so. Add Here 116 Essay 0 points Modify Remove What is the difference between wealth and income? Wealth is what you own (minus what you owe) whereas income is what you earn in a given time period. Add Here 117 Essay 0 points Modify Remove What is the functional theory of stratification? The functional theory of stratification argues that (a) some jobs are more important than other, (b) people have to make sacrifices to train for important jobs, and (c) inequality is required to motivate people to undergo these sacrifices. Add Here 118 Essay 0 points Modify Remove Describe the apartheid system. Apartheid was a caste system based on race that existed in South Africa from It consigned the large black majority to menial jobs, prevented marriage between blacks and whites, and erected separate public facilities for members of the two races. Asians and people of "mixed race" enjoyed privileges between these two extremes. Add Here 119 Essay 0 points Modify Remove According to Marx, who are the bourgeoisie? The bourgeoisie are owners of the means of production, including factories, tools and land. They do not do any physical labor. Their income derives from profits. Add Here 120 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

18 What is a caste system? A caste system is an almost pure ascription-based stratification system in which occupation and marriage partners are assigned on the basis of caste membership. Add Here 121 Essay 0 points Modify Remove What was feudalism? Feudalism was a legal arrangement in preindustrial Europe that bound peasants to the land and obliged them to give their landlords a set part of the harvest. In exchange, landlords were required to protect peasants from marauders and open their storehouses and feed the peasants if crops failed. Add Here 122 Essay 0 points Modify Remove According to Marx, who are the petty bourgeoisie? The petty bourgeoisie is the class of small-scale capitalists who own means of production but employ only a few workers or none at all, forcing them to do physical work themselves. Add Here 123 Essay 0 points Modify Remove Define the poverty rate. The poverty rate is the percentage of people living below the poverty threshold, which is three times the minimum food budget established by the United States Department of Agriculture. Add Here 124 Essay 0 points Modify Remove Explain the concept of socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status (SES) combines income, education, and occupational prestige data in a single index of one's position in the socioeconomic hierarchy. Add Here 125 Essay 0 points Modify Remove Explain the concept of the proletariat, according to Marx. The proletariat, in Marx's usage, is the working class. Members of the proletariat do physical labor but do not own means of production. They are thus in a position to earn wages. Add Here 126 Essay 0 points Modify Remove Compare and contrast internal and international stratification. not provided. Add Here 127 Essay 0 points Modify Remove Compare and contrast Marx and Weber on social stratification. not provided. Add Here 128 Essay 0 points Modify Remove Compare and contrast Marx, Weber, and Davis and Moore on how they view social stratification. not provided. Add Here 129 Essay 0 points Modify Remove Explain the criticisms of Blau and Duncan's status attainment model. What has subsequent research shown? not provided. Add Here 130 Essay 0 points Modify Remove Describe Erik Olin Wright's model of class analysis. How is it similar to Marx's model? not provided. Add Here 131 Essay 0 points Modify Remove Compare and contrast Wright and Goldthorpe's typology of class structure. Who has the best model according to Brym

19 and Lie? Do you agree? not provided. Add Here 132 Essay 0 points Modify Remove What reasons make class analysis so important to the study of stratification and sociology? not provided. Add Here 133 Essay 0 points Modify Remove What are the two main currents of American opinion on poverty and how do they differ from one another? not provided. Add Here 134 Essay 0 points Modify Remove How is the poverty threshold determined? How is it used? not provided. Add Here 135 Essay 0 points Modify Remove Construct your own question drawing on relevant course materials for your answer. Points will be awarded for both the question and the answer. not provided. Add Here