Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue

Transcription

1 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue J. Martín Ramírez Luis A. García-Segura (Eds.)

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3 XLII CICA Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Program and Abstracts Madrid, 18 th 20 th September, 2017

4 Universidad Nebrija and CICA Cátedra Nebrija Santander sobre Gestión de Riesgos y Conflictos Publishing House: Universidad Antonio de Nebrija Design and layout: Publishing Service, Universidad Nebrija All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, storedin a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Editors. ISBN: Depósito legal: M Printed in Spain. 2017

5 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Content Introduction Commitees Sponsors Scientific Program Abstracts (in chronological order) List of participants (in alphabetical order) Index of participants (in alphabetical order) Publications of CICA and of the Nebrija - Santander chair on On Risk And Conflicts Managment Notes

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7 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Introduction To Robert A. Hinde ( ) for his outstanding contributions to CICA and specially to the Seville Statement on Violence. Welcome to the XLII CICA (Conferencias Internacionales sobre Conflicto y Agresión), on Conflict and Cross-cultural Dialogue, held in Madrid from 18th to 20th September 2017, and co-organized by the Nebrija-Santander Chair for for Risks and Conflict Managment (Center on Conflict Studies) and the Spanish Pugwash National Group. We would like to dedicate it to Prof. Robert A. Hinde, who passed away at the beginning of this year. He was a wonderful man and great scientist: twice Doctor, by Oxford and by Cambridge, Doctor h.c. by the Sorbonne, Master of St.John's College at Cambridge, and, as a real and honest Pugwashite, chairing the British Pugwash, non-violence, reconciliation and the abolition of war were close to his heart. I personally had the privilege of sharing quite close and deep professional collaboration through ISRA and CICA conferences (including publications, the join edition of a book and a key participation in the elaboration of the UNESCO endorsed Seville Statement on Violence), becoming a very close family friend for the past four decades, with him coming to my Seville home and I to his St.John's College. Robert was an oustanding person, a role model for all of those who knew him: kind and upright, he had a keen eye for the bigger picture and this gave him a unique way of viewing humanity and the problems associated with modern day living. In this, his solutions were always ethical, although within this he demanded a fairer deal for all. His kindness, humanistic character and gentleman like honesty, will always be present in our coming CICA task. The CICA conferences started in the early eighties of the last century, gathering scholars and researchers interested on the analysis and discussion of the relationship between brain and aggression, and other close topics, such as violence, terrorism, peace, and conflicts at their 7

8 XLII CICA different levels, from the internal to the international ones, through an integrated, comprehensive, and interdisciplinary approach that considers both biological and psycho-socio-cultural factors. Peace and conflict studies have grown in stature as scholarly subjects in recent years. The academic environment has witnessed a conceptual expansion, broadening out from issues of traditional security and military strategy to include conflict transformation, human security, peace building and governance. There is now much greater awareness that peace and conflict depend on a vast range of factors, inter alia inequality, human rights, arms control, international norms and psychological and mobilization processes. The main characteristic of these CICA meetings throughout the world therefore is precisely this comprehensive approach, in the hope that its effort will show the value of purposefully crossing disciplinary boundaries. Consequently, it is open to plenty of disciplines, such as: individual and social psychology, psychiatry, physiology, sociology, anthropology, animal behavior, criminology, international law, political science, pharmacology, child development, education, security studies and international relations, law and world affairs, military and peace studies, as well as policy makers. This interdisciplinary character of the CICA explains why, besides the discussion of both empirical and theoretical contributions in line with the title of each conference, they are always open to all scientists interested in how to deal with any of the of other above mentioned subjects, broader related to the general aims of the CICA. Besides the active contributors, this Conference is also a nice opportunity to offer a forum of interexchange to junior scientists and other people interested on these topics for networking, meeting old friends, knowing new colleagues and young students from around the world, in an informal atmosphere, to discuss their current research, future directions and international development of our fields, facilitating cooperation between specialists, scientists, and politicians, as well as to cross fertilize different areas of interest. This explains why other participants may be interested in a just passive attendance. The scientific fruit of the previous forty odd CICAs held to date at sixteen countries in five continents (Spain, Chile, Colombia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, USA [California, New England, and Georgia], Greece, Zambia, 8

9 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Italy, England, Nord Ireland, Mexico, Poland, Turkey, Hungary, and Bulgaria), is reflected in the elaboration of more than thirty publications, most of them in English language (see: In a year marked by both hopeful trends and alarming challenges related to the so called crisis of refugees, the CICA s mission to provide thoughtful, policy-relevant research and insights for a more secure, peaceful world, has chosen as a main goal of this present 42nd CICA how a cross-cultural dialogue may offer a positive solution of conflicts inherent to refugees, and more widely migrants. It will be analyzed from quite different perspectives: bridging cultures and religions, Western and Eastern cultures, dealing with different languages, considering the human rights, as well as its approach from quite different disciplines, such as psychology, art and law. Delegates of more than 30 countries from five different continents have announced their participation: China-Hong Kong, Cambodia, Iran, Vietnam, Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Switzerland, Canada, USA, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Western Sahara, Bolivia, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, and Spain. Among them, we count with the active participation as distinguished guest speakers of reputed scholars from different fields of expertise, such as the Chair of the International Pugwash Council, a former Permanent Representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the United Nations, the President of Sefardi Community of Jerusalem, a qualified member of the Muslim Council in UK, a Former President of the Parliament of Luxembourg and Honorary Ministre of Culture, the President-elect of the Society for the Study of Peace and Conflict, the President of the Colombian Institute of Studies on Psychosocialbiology and Intervention in Violence, as well as several delegates from the former Yugoslavia. We are also very honored by the presence of the highest academic authorities of Public and Individual Security Apeiron in Cracow. Even if this XLII has been co-organized by the Nebrija-Santander Chair for Risks and Conflicts Management (Center for Conflict Studies) and the Spanish Pugwash National Group, we have the academic cooperation 9

10 XLII CICA of the Spanish Center of Studies on National Defence (CESEDEN), the Spanish National Police School, the European Institute of International Studies and the Harvard Kennedy School Spanish Alumni Network, the patronizing of MARCA ESPAÑA and, last but not least, a financial sponsorship by the Spanish Ministry of Defence, throughout its Secretaría General de Política de Defensa. We hope that this international conference may help to materialize a new opportunity for exchanging interesting ideas and to contribute, even if modestly, to the development of some positive solutions to this key human conflict so vivid nowadays among our society. J. Martín Ramírez Madrid, 18 th September

11 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Commitees Chairs of the XLII CICA Prof. Dr. Juan Cayón Rector Universidad Nebrija (Madrid) Prof. Dr. J. Martín Ramírez President of CICAInternational Chair of the Spanish Pugwash Movement (Madrid) Chair of the Scientific Commitee Dr. Camilla Pagani Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, (Roma) Chair of the Organizing Commitee Dr. Luis García-Segura Coordinator of the Nebrija-Santander Chair on Risk and Conflicts Management (Madrid) Chair of the Administrative Team Marta Real Ibáñez Universidad Nebrija 11

12 XLII CICA Scientific Commitee CHAIR Dr. Camilla Pagani Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italia MEMBERS Army Brigadier General Dr. Miguel Ángel Ballesteros Director, Spanish Institute of Strategic Studies Rear Admiral Bartolomé Bauzá Former Head of the Communications and Information Systems Division at Spanish Navy HQ & DCOM of EU Operation Atlanta Dr. Miguel Bettin President of the IEPSIV /Colombian Psicobiosocial and Violence Study Institute) and Chair of the Colombian CICA Prof. Dr. Juan Cayón Rector Universidad Nebrija Dr. Marzanna Farnicka professor at the Zielona Góra University and Chair of the Polish CICA Commissioner Commissioner Dr. José García Molina Director, Spanish National Police School Prof. Dr. J. Martín Ramírez, Director, Chair on Risks and Conflicts Management, Universidad Nebrija; Chairman of CICA; President of the Spanish Pugwash Movement Ambassador Antonio Nuñez García-Sauco, President, European Institute of International Studies Air Force General Dr. Guillermo Velarde, President, Spanish Institute of Nuclear Fusion, Universidad Politécnica Madrid Air Force General Dr. Federico Yániz, Vice-President ADALEDE (Spanish High Studies on Defence Alumni) 12

13 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Organizing Commitee CHAIR Luis A. García Segura Universidad Nebrija MEMBERS Gracia Abad Universidad Nebrija Sonia Boulos Universidad Nebrija Natividad Carpintero Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Juan José Delgado Universidad Nebrija Mª Caterina La Barbera Universidad Nebrija Juan Carlos Fernandez-Rodriguez Universidad Nebrija Claudio Paya Universidad Nebrija Damian I. Onyekwere Member of the Council, CICA 13

14 XLII CICA Administrative Team CHAIR Marta Real Ibáñez MEMBERS Begoña Belda Bartolomé Ana León y Francia Ana Onyekwere 14

15 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Sponsors Academic organizers: With the special scientific collaboration of: Economic sponsors: 15

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17 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Scientific Program Monday 18 th SEPTEMBER, 2017 Auditorium of the CESEDEN (Paseo de la Castellana, 61, Madrid) 15:30-16:00 Arrival of participants and registration 16:00-16:30 Opening Ceremony Welcome words, by the Army Gen. Dr. Miguel Angel Ballesteros, Director of the Spanish Institute for Strategic Studies (IEEE) Opening of the XLII CICA, by Dr. Juan Cayón, Rector. Universidad Nebrija Presentation of the XLII CICA, by Dr. J. Martín Ramírez, Chair of CICA International 16:30-19:30 1 st Session: Chair: Air Force Gen. Guillermo Velarde President, Nuclear Fusion Institute, Universidad Politécnica Madrid PARTICIPANTS Dr. Abraham Haim President, Sefardi Community of Jerusalem, Israel. The Education for Democracy Peace and Human Rights: The Experience of the Israeli Educational System BREAK Ambassador Dr. Ali A. Soltanieh Senior Consultant on Monitoring of Verification of the CTBT Former Permanent Representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the United Nations and other International Organizations, Vienna The Destiny of Nuclear Weapons after the Ban Treaty Dr. Saideh Lotfian Chair of the International Pugwash Council Director, Center for International Scientific Studies and Collaboration of Iran The Entangled Security Crises in the Middle East and North Africa in a Globalized World 19:30 GROUP PICTURE 17

18 XLII CICA Tuesday 19 th SEPTEMBER, 2017 Universidad Nebrija, Campus Madrid-Princesa (C/ Santa Cruz del Marcenado, 27, Madrid) 8:30-9:00 Arrival of participants and registration 9:00-10:00 2 nd Session: Bridging cultures and religions Chair: Tina Lindhard International University of Professional Studies (IUPS), Hawaii PARTICIPANTS Sheik Dr. Hojja Ramzy Oxford Islamic Information Center, Muslim Council in UK Trust me, there is no war between Christians and Muslims Dr. Mona Khoury-Kassabri School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Religiosity and Arab youth involvement in delinquency and Political violence religiosity Dr. Tina Lindhard International University of Professional Studies (IUPS), Hawaii The search for unity beneath our cultural differences 10:30-11:30 3 rd Session: Human Rights Chair: Dr. Maria Caterina LaBarbera Nebrija University PARTICIPANTS Dr. Alice LoCicero President-elect of the Society for the Study of Peace and Conflict Past President, Society for Terrorism Research Cultural Misunderstanding or Genocide, with emphasis on indigenous/western relations Dr. Arthur J. Kendall Former Senior Mathematical Statistician at the US GAO Science and Human Rights Coalition The torture of detainees is counterproductive 18

19 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Hon. Amiira Neff President Founder of WAM (Women Against Mutilation) Conseillère de Nations Unies auprès des ONG s Violence against women. From words to deeds Dr. Carolina Jiménez Sánchez University of Málaga Women s Human Rights in a multicultural peace culture 11:30-12:00 BREAK 12:00-13:30 4 th Session: Dialogue through different languages Chair: Dr. Noémi Nagy National University of Public Service, Budapest PARTICIPANTS Hon. Erna Hennicot-Schoepges Former President of the Parliament of Luxembourg Honorary Ministre of Culture of Luxembourg Cross Cultural Relationship: how to bridge the gap: multilingualism & minority languages Dr. Noémi Nagy National University of Public Service, Budapest Language Diversity as a Source of Conflict in Hungary Possible Implications of Immigration George Rayess Interpreter & Journalist The interpreter as a witness in the refugees and asylum contexts Dr. Carmen Valero-Garcés University of Alcalá, Madrid The always forgotten but needed element: The multiple functions of interpreters & translators working in asylum and refugee settings 13:30-15:00 LUNCH BREAK 19

20 XLII CICA 15:00 16:30 5 th Session: Conflict & Psychology Chair: Dr. Marzanna Farnicka University of Zielona Góra PARTICIPANTS Drs. Farzaneh Pahlavan, Eugénia Ratiu & Hélène Feertchak Descartes University, Paris Aggressive Behavior and Construal Level of Future Events Dr. Marina Butovskaya 1,2,3, Dmitry Karelin 2, Valentina Burkova 1 1 Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Moscow 2 Moscow State University, Moscow 3 Russian State University for Humanities, Moscow Does parents beating predict self-ratings on aggression in four traditional African cultures? Dr. Violet Cheung-Blunden University of San Francisco A cross-cultural study of the cognitive and emotional appeals of government surveillance policies Dr. Marzanna Farnicka University of Zielona Góra What can psychology offer in cross - cultural dialogue? - The way of improvement of intercultural competence Dr. Damian Onyekwere Member of the CICA Council Respect and Tolerance from a Cross Cultural Approach: effective tools for conflict-solving 16:30 18:00 6 th Session: Miscelaneous Chair: Dr. Gracia Abad Universidad Nebrija PARTICIPANTS Dr. Predrag Vujovic Public Relations Business School, Belgrade How to communicate cultural difference as advantage for building better community in multinational society 20

21 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Emina Omanovic Secretary General of the Asian Bosnian-Herzegovinian Association for Cooperation, Understanding and Solidarity Art as a powerful tool for (re)creating and fostering cross-cultural dialogue in the Balkans. Ioanna Popescu, M.A. Leeds Student/Young Pugwash Coordinator Aesthetics of Peace: the role of art in conflict transformation Dr. Camilla Pagani Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome Identity, Diversity, and Destructive Conflicts Dumisani Khanyile & John David Cluett Kevali Chemical Group & JDC Consulting, South Africa Sensemaking and Unknowables in Risk Management 18:00-18:30 BREAK 18:30 19:30 7 th Session: Security, Defence and Justice Chair: Dr. Juan Cayón Rector, Nebrija University PARTICIPANTS Ambassador Javier Jiménez-Ugarte Hernández Marca España Security, Defence and Justice indicators in country branding indexes Dr. Pilar Otero University Carlos III Madrid Dangerous delinquents with personality disorders: a comparative study of the situation in various legal cultures, with a special focus on Spanish criminal law Drs. Luis Millana & J. Martin Ramirez Secretaria General de Instituciones Penitenciarias, Spanish Home Ministry & Nebrija University Terrorism. A Brief Touch about Reality of the Prison Environment. Personal Experiences and Reflections 21

22 XLII CICA Wednesday 20 th SEPTEMBER, 2017 Universidad Nebrija, Campus Madrid-Princesa (C/ Santa Cruz del Marcenado, 27, Madrid) 9:00-10:30 8 th Session: Dialogue through Western and Eastern cultures Chair: Ambassador Domingo de Silos Manso PARTICIPANTS Army Gen. Jesús Rafael Argumosa European Institute of International Security The world order to the new geopolitical tendencies Dr. Alberto Gil Ibáñez Office of the President, Spanish Counsel of State Western cultural decadence as an obstacle for transcultural dialogue Dr. Arthur J. Kendall Former Senior Mathematical Statistician at the US GAO Science and Human Rights Coalition Do Western and Eastern cultures completely clash? 10:30-12:00 9 th Session: Conflict & Migrations Chair: Dr. Natividad Carpintero Institute of Nuclear Fusion, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. PARTICIPANTS Dr. Miguel Bettin President of the Colombian IEPSIV (Psicobiosocial and Violence Study Institute) Colombian post-war in the middle of drug trafficking and criminal gangs Nicolas Buckley Universidad Metropolitana de Ecuador The Colombian Peace Referendum: causes of failure Dr. Ana Cornelia Beyer Hull University How to rebuild Syria long-term Justice Tania García Sedano Judge, Court of the province of Ávila Illegal inmigration Dr. Fátima Cisneros Ávila University of Málaga Inmigration and reject: a political and criminal analysis of the frontiers of tolerance 22

23 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue 12:00-12:30 BREAK 12:30-14:00 10 th Session: Firsthand information, research and intervention on migration and refugees (North Africa Desert, Haiti, Nepal & Cambodia) Chair: Dr. Jose Maria Poveda Autonomous University, Madrid PARTICIPANTS Lehdia Mohamed Dafa SERMAS Family Doctor The Prolonged Shelter, a threat to Security. The case of Saharawi Refugees Miguel Ángel Tobías Director and film producer The audiovisual as an engine for solving conflicts and promoting transculturally for peace: DREAMS OF HAITI, GURBA, THE CONDEMNED, RISING NEPAL Ana María Ramírez, Montserrat Morán & Elisabeth Fodor Education, Development and Health Research Group, UAM The Influence of Mother s Singing on the Development of Attention during the First Year of Life and his Contribution to Prevent Possible Learning Disabilities Dr. Jose Maria Poveda Autonomous University, Madrid A Model for Community Rehabilitation Service: the CCSP in Cambodia 14:00-15:00 CLOSING RECEPTION 23

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25 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Abstracts (in chronological order) Abraham Haim President, Sefardi Community of Jerusalem, Israel Education for Democracy Peace and Human Rights: the Experience of the Israeli Educational System Education in Israel is a precious legacy. Following the tradition of past generations, education continues to be a fundamental value and is recognized as the key to the future. The educational system aims to prepare children to become responsible members of a democratic, pluralistic society, in which people from different ethnic, religious, cultural and political backgrounds coexist. It is based on Jewish values, love of the land and the principles of liberty and tolerance. It seeks to impart a high level of knowledge, with an emphasis on scientific and technological skills, essentials for the country's continued development. The education for democracy, peace and human rights is considered a firm component in all frames and sectors of the Israeli educational system. However, since some decades, an ample consent has been achieved for an urgent necessity to intensify the education for democracy by means of a profound and continual education activity. This consent has been achieved due to the reaction facing some phenomena and events, which took place in the Israeli public life which may be summed up as racism and resistance against democracy. Racism and anti-democracy are contrary to the values of humanism and on the same time are contrary to the basis of Judaism, the principles of Zionism and the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, and therefore are also contrary to the system of values of the Israeli society. The educational competence in this field constitutes a moral proof for the Israeli people, that along its history has been experienced to 25

26 XLII CICA persecutions, expulsions, hatred and discrimination and always has been strengthened by the values of humanism, peace, liberty and equality. The education for democracy is based on three principles: a. The universal, which considers the human being as a focus of the social process. b. The particular, which manifests the system of the cultural, national Jewish Zionist values. c. Prepare the pupil and adopt him to be able to confront the opposite values. This confrontation is vital for the accomplishment of an autonomous and adult option. Although this may be considered as a burden for the school and the teacher, when they treat some sensible issues, it seems preferable, instead of an escape from the conflicting issues, or avoiding them. Ali A. Soltanieh Senior Consultant on Monitoring of Verification of the CTBT Former Permanent Representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the United Nations and other International Organizations, Vienna The Destiny of Nuclear Weapons after the Ban Treaty On 7 July 2017, 122 of the 193 Member States of the United Nations at the plenary meeting adopted a multilateral Treaty banning nuclear weapons. None of the nine possessors of nuclear weapons: USA, Russia, Britain, China, France, India, Pakistan, North Korea and Israel did participate in the negotiations on the text of the Treaty and vote. Japan, the main victim of nuclear weapons, and non-nuclear weapons members of NATO refrain from participation at negotiation. Without questioning the good intention of the initiators of the Ban Treaty, a critical review of historical events indicates the following straight forward conclusion: The Ban Treaty prohibits the proliferation of nuclear weapons, the same as the NPT did. It does not include legally binding obligations for 26

27 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue elimination of nuclear weapons within certain definite timeline. Therefore the same historical mistake made during negotiation of the NPT, lacking any definite dead line for the total elimination of nuclear weapons, in its article VI, is repeated now. This shall leave the hands of the nuclear weapons possessor opened, as the NPT did, for almost had half a century. It has to be recalled the NPT was the initiative of the weapons states. The tremendous pressure augmented on weapon states during decades, due to public awareness and their concern of humanitarian impacts of nuclear weapons, was a great opportunity to push for a Nuclear Weapon Convention, for total elimination of nuclear weapons. The Ban Treaty, however, with step by step voluntary mild approach, practically postponed the realization of legitimate urgent demand of peace loving people, for decades if not indefinitely. The opponents of the Ban Treaty, specifically the weapon sates, are therefore satisfied by the Nuclear Ban Treaty initiative, though they oppose to possibly mislead the public. In nut shell, the security threat of thousands of nuclear arsenal still remains for decades. Saideh Lotfian Chair of the International Pugwash Council Director, Center for International Scientific Studies and Collaboration of Iran The Entangled Security Crises in the Middle East and North Africa in a Globalized World The end of the era of bipolarity led to greater uncertainty about the future of international system and helped the creation of a gloomy and highly challenging security environment of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). In this paper, the author examines the causes and consequences of conflicting geopolitical interests, devastating protracted wars, the rise of fundamentalism, and the legitimacy deficit of the authoritarian regimes. The MENA is a region where strategic interests of the P5 converge, and traditionally the major powers have been competing for influence and access to resources, particularly in 27

28 XLII CICA the Arab subsystem. The United States and Russia have been sources of arms and military technologies for the regional countries; and they are expected to be dominant in the foreseeable future. More recently, the Trump administration has been trying to encourage the wealthy Arab states to purchase high-priced American-produced weapon systems. In a similar fashion, states which are concerned about coercive regime change, have been trying to acquire capabilities to mitigate U.S. intervention, and challenge American supremacy in the region. Furthermore, the availability of natural resources has not led to the improvement of the quality of life of the majority of people in the MENA. Unequal distribution of wealth by the elites, and increased vulnerability of impoverished peoples are among the factors which led to the 9/11 attacks, the 2011 Arab Spring, and the rise of ISIS with implications for socio-economic development. In the conclusion, the author highlights the importance of a coordinated effort to end the violation of fundamental rights of citizens in the name of security. The regional governments must strive for increased cooperation, and search for political solutions for long standing problems instead of relying on a security umbrella provided by the external powers. Prosperity and stability cannot be bought through continued arms imports and military adventurism. Sheik Hojja Ramzy Oxford Islamic Information Center, Muslim Council in UK Trust me, there is no war between Christians and Muslims Crosscultural divisions between Muslim and Christian communities around the world, and the resulting conflicts often waged in the name of religion, have become a prevalent theme in the global narrative. Disturbingly frequently, such tensions lead to aggression, acts of mass violence, and terrorism; short victories for one side, and grief and misery for the other. Attempts to resolve such conflict typically call for bridging the gap between Muslims and Christians. But this phrase, and indeed mindset, is not sufficient. The necessity of a bridge implies the continued existence 28

29 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue of two disparate communities, living separately with occasional contact. Besides, bridges are always in danger of being burned. What we required instead is not bridging the gap but removing it. Bringing communities together, to live amongst each other. How then to arrive at a state of integrated, peaceful existence? Three approaches are proposed: First, scholarly endeavours need to be undertaken to revisit and distil the essential principles conveyed in the Muslim and Christian scriptures. refining the best and the most important verses of the scriptures to mould a culturally adaptable, but universally applicable, easily comprehensible and accessible attitude of peace, conciliation firmly grounded in the core tenets of the faith with global scholarly backing. This will facilitate the formation of religious identities that assumes no conflict of anyone else s existence. This will not only help to unite Muslim and Christian brethren, but is needed internally within each of these religions to heal intra-religious fissions. Secondly, a program for the dissemination of such attitudes is necessary at community level. Culture is defined as the total of the inherited ideas, beliefs, values, and knowledge, which constitute the shared bases of social action 1. These ideas, beliefs and values are manifest not only in institutions but in the hearts and minds of individuals, and it is these which must be reached. Finally, cooperation between religious institutions and other societal institutions at the local, national and international level, including politics, public services, financial and economic must be encouraged and developed. As a result, the interests of both faiths, and others, will be represented at all levels of society, and the gains achieved at grass roots level will not be undone by misjudged policies and institutional practices. From an Islamic viewpoint, an examination of sacred scriptures provides guidance at all of these levels. Such an examination in fact reveals that conflict between believers was never intended. There should never have been conflict between Muslims and Christians. By misunderstanding, misinterpreting, and straying from Almighty God s words, conflict has 1 Culture (n.), Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged (2012), Digital Edition 29

30 XLII CICA been sold as divinely ordained. The challenge is undoing the damage that humans have inflicted, and returning to the state of concord and harmony that was divinely decreed. It is this which forms the basis of this speech. Mona Khoury-Kassabri School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Religiosity and Arab youth involvement in delinquency and political violence religiosity This study examines the involvement of Arab youth at risk from East Jerusalem in delinquent behaviors, such as crimes against a person, public disorder offenses, and political violence. The contribution of religiosity and parental control factors in explaining these different types of youth involvement in illegal behaviors is assessed. A total of 161 young males, aged 15-21, participated in the study. We found that the greater the parental control and the more religious the adolescent the less likely they are to engage in delinquent behaviors and political violence. The relationship between parental control and youth involvement in delinquency and political violence was mediated by youth level of religiosity, after controlling for age and family socioeconomic status. Tina Lindhard International University of Professional Studies (IUPS), Hawaii The search for unity beneath our cultural differences Flowers come in many colors, many sizes and many forms and express themselves in different ways. Yet they are all flowers and together they form a most beautiful bouquet! Humans too come in all sizes, shapes and colors, yet they are still humans. Humans also express themselves in different ways, both culturally and individually. The question is how can we form a beautiful bouquet? For me this involves a deep respect for differences on the one hand, and on the other it involves a sincere search for that what underlies all of us. 30

31 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Mystical traditions in all cultures have been involved in this task. Spain has a long tradition in this respect including the time when the three cultures, Christian, Jewish and Arab the Three Cultures - lived in peace exploring and sharing their respective knowledge about the mystery from which everything arises. This brought a renewal in many fields including medicine, science and arts, which slowly spread from Spain to the rest of Europe. The Arabs where generous in their sharing as, at the time of the conquest, Spain and Europe were in the dark ages. Owing to the development of modern technology, another way of approaching the mystery may be the study of the early life of the human embryo. When looked at through a certain lens, it can be seen as going through the main kingdoms of Nature. This gives rise to the question Who are we? Maybe through contemplating what is behind the changing morphological forms the embryo undergoes, we can discover clues about our true nature and that what underlies not only us but also all of visible Nature. Alice LoCicero President-elect of the Society for the Study of Peace and Conflict Past President of Society for Terrorism Research Cultural Misunderstanding or Genocide, with emphasis on indigenous/western relations In 2016, a group of ten youth from Plains Indian tribes in the US began a prayer-oriented, non-violent encampment near the Standing Rock Sioux tribal lands in North Dakota. The purpose of the encampment was to halt progress on a 3.8 billion dollar pipeline being built to deliver oil from production areas in Canada to the Midwest in the US, where it will be stored, refined, or sold. Thousands of Native and non-native allies joined them. Construction for the pipeline had caused destruction of sacred burial sites, and the route went under a lake that is a source of drinking water for the Sioux and millions of non-natives as well. The problems, from the point of view of Native Americans and their allies including me are these: Native American rights and realities were ignored. Fossil fuels are increasing the rate at which the earth is becoming uninhabitable. The pipeline itself puts precious water supplies at risk. 31

32 XLII CICA The problem, from the point of view of Energy Transfer Partners, who own the pipeline, is that industry and military uses for oil need to be met, and pipelines are the best way to move oil. Protests cost money and interfere with progress. The conflict might appear to be one that could be resolved in legal settings, or in the court of public opinion. That did not happen for two reasons. First, the cultural divide between indigenous and western capitalistic systems is enormous. Second, in the current US militaristic, financial, and political climate, pipeline advocates, private security firms, and public officials were able to coordinate use physical violence-- probably including biological and chemical weapons--sophisticated surveillance tools, and propaganda developed in the war on terror, to attack peaceful protestors, myself among them. This is a 21st century version of the genocidal approach that has been taken historically towards Native Americans. Indigenous world views threaten capitalist enterprise. Tools for violence available to capitalist enterprises threaten Native Americans existence, as well as that of their allies. Arthur J. Kendall Science and Human Rights Coalition The torture of detainees is counterproductive Over the years, I have spoken with many US government officials, flag and senior officers, and social scientists about the topic of torture in intelligence gathering. I ll merely discuss the concepts that have been mentioned since (1) the set of respondents are in no way a sample, (2) people usually mentioned more than one concept, and (3) the parties to the conversation were not formally interviewed. A very few people thought that we can gain actionable intelligence via coercive methods. Most people opposed the use of torture because it is immoral, unethical, and/or because it is against international treaties and covenants. Many said it limits our ability to obtain reliable and usable intelligence, damages our reputation in the world, and helps recruitment to terrorist organizations. 32

33 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Amiira Neff President Founder WAM (Women Against Mutilations) Conseillère de Nations Unies auprès des ONG s Violence against women. From words to deeds Violence against women is a discrimination and violence of human rights. It is a source of misery and loss of life, and because of it, many of the world's women live in fear and pain. It harms families across generations impoverishes communities and reinforces other forms of violence in all societies. Violence against women prevents them from achieving their potential, hampers economic growth and undermines development. The scope and extent of violence against women are a reflection of the degree and persistence of discrimination that women continue to face. So we can not eliminate it, by addressing discrimination, promoting gender equality and empowering women and ensuring respect for their fundamental rights. Carolina Jiménez Sánchez University of Málaga Women s Human Rights in a multicultural peace culture The close relationship between peace and Human Rights has been repeatedly confirmed. Besides, it has been confirmed that gender equality benefits transitional societies building processes and contributes to their stability and to the rule of law. Being aware of it, it is necessary to focus the spaces that are disputed by gender and multiculturalism, presenting what is the real place of Human Rights, particularly the Human Rights of Women. Erna Hennicot-Schoepges Honorary Ministre of Culture of Luxembourg Former President of the Parliament of Luxembourg Cross Cultural Relationship: how to bridge the gap: multilingualism & minority languages 33

34 XLII CICA How do young people live these gaps, what is their knowledge about different cultures, this is my first question. They will shape our future, for them the world is already global. Digital divide is concerning older generations. How will they live without being familiar with computers? Living with different cultures asks for openness, tolerance and acceptance of the other. Assimilation versus integration, these are political choices. The case of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is an interesting study case. Some knowledge about the history of the country is basic to understand its status today. Multilingualism has shaped it the international place it became during the 20th century. Culture in the EU is not a common policy; decisions are left to the Member States, whereas the market is regulated in common. Economy is shaping the global world, whereas culture, according to the definition of the UN is considered with lower importance. This should be changed through better education and the respect of cultural diversity. Noémi Nagy National University of Public Service, Budapest Language Diversity as a Source of Conflict in Hungary Possible Implications of Immigration The aim of this paper is to present and critically evaluate the legislation and policies on language use and minority protection in Hungary, with special focus on the reverberations of today s immigration boom in Europe, and the Hungarian government s reactions to that. The author argues that although language differences per se are not a cause of conflict, discrimination on the ground of language, the exclusion or disadvantage caused by state authorities through language preferences, and the denial or insufficient implementation of minority language rights in practice may lead to violent conflict (see, e.g., the cases of the Basques in Spain, Northern Ireland in the UK, or Corsica in France). As for Hungary, a multinational and multilingual state since its very establishment (AD 1000), although the various peoples of the country had lived in relatively peaceful coexistence for centuries, managing the divers needs of nationalities became increasingly difficult by the end of the 19th century. It has been argued that the very dissolution of the Habsburg 34

35 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Monarchy and the Kingdom of Hungary as part of it was due to the state s failure to accommodate its linguistic and ethnic diversity. After a relatively calm period following World War II, the fall of Communism presented a new challenge to Eastern and Central European countries regarding their minority policies: renewed tensions between ethnic groups were a serious threat to the stability of the entire region. After the democratic transition in 1989/90, Hungary s new legislation on the protection of minorities became generally praised as standard setting in Europe. In 2011 a new Constitution and a new law on minorities were adopted, one of the major innovations being Hungarian declared as the official language of the state. Migration to Hungary has traditionally been negligible, the proportion of immigrants remaining around a stable 3% of the population. Therefore, minority and language policies could easily disregard the needs of immigrants, no wonder that the migration crisis in 2014 took the Hungarian government by surprise (or shock, really). Now, in the midst of a new exodus from Africa and the Middle-East, decision-makers should seriously consider the implications of the possible massive influx of people with different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. The author intends to answer, i.a., the following questions: Is Hungary s legal arrangement is appropriate to accommodate current needs of language minorities including new minorities, i.e. migrants? What are the possible implications of influx of immigrants into Hungary in terms of language policy? Will language resurface as a source of conflict as a new layout of multilingualism is being formed in the country? George Rayess Interpreter & Journalist, Lebanon The interpreter as a witness in the refugees and asylum contexts. Despite of what has been written on the subject, often based on third party experiences but rarely on own experience, this paper offers a unique vision and perspective lived by the author throughout more than 25 years in countries that have suffered armed conflicts and/or refugees crisis, with special focus on the current situations in Lebanon 35

36 XLII CICA as well as in Greece. The paper also elaborates on interpreters ethics and their role as cultural mediators in their mission while extending a communication bridge between the refugee and the authorities that are to grant international protection. A good interpreter is one who knows how and when to distinguish between his role as an interpreter and that of cultural mediator, and that is the real challenge as all interpreters are bound to confidentiality as well as to impartiality, two main fundamentals for those working in the asylum context and especially interpreters/ cultural mediators. The demands for good and professional interpreters has registered a tremendous increase in the last few years, but on the contrary the quality has registered a dramatic drop, and countries are now trying to cope with this situation. Carmen Valero-Garcés University of Alcalá, Madrid The always forgotten but needed element: The multiple functions of interpreters & translators working in asylum and refugee settings Nowadays, our society is a spectator of one of the biggest refugee crisis since the Second World War, in which citizens from Syria, Afghanistan, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, and Democratic Republic of the Congo among other countries run away from war to the European and Nordic countries looking for a new beginning, a life without fear with their relatives. Most of them simply bring with them their culture and language, leaving the rest behind, and moreover, they do not know the language and culture of the receiving country. Because of this, the role of the a linguistic and cultural intermediary is consequential in order to guide them and facilitate them the access to their rights and to public services such as healthcare, legal services, education, etc. However little attention is dedicated to them in international fora and few articles are published revealing some of the adversities that these intermediaries (interpreters / translators / mediators) face when working in asylum and refugee settings. This study explores some of the issues and complexities surrounding the interpreting and translation services provided and the role(s) that the interpreter / translator play(s) in this crisis as well as how they meet the refugees needs, and their abilities to overcome any problem that may arise. 36

37 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Farzaneh Pahlavan, Eugénia Ratiu & Hélène Feertchak Descartes University, Paris Aggressive Behavior and Construal Level of Future Events To communicate and interact, human beings must develop a kind of everyday social cognition, in order to understand the others goals and intentions, and themselves. To apply this conceptual knowledge and adjust their social behaviors, individuals also need to develop self-regulatory capacities. For some researchers, self-control requires analyses of the costs/benefits of the behaviors in long-term rather than short-term outcome (e.g. Thaler, 1991). Accordingly, near-future outcomes are likely to undermine self-control efforts (Trope & Fishbach, 2000). Thus, self-control is considered as a process of decision making and acting in accordance with high-level (superordinate, general meaning) or low-level (subordinate, uniqueness) construal of the situation whenever its psychological distance is respectively longer or shorter. Imagining distance future events, for example, could enhance thinking more abstractly-generally-cognitive processing, whereas imagining near-future events might promote more concrete-detailed-cognitive processing. The primary goal of the study was to analyze aggressive tendencies by applying Construal Level Theory of self-regulation, based on posited social information processing deficits in aggressive children, and their negative vision of social world. In this sense, believing in an unfair world as a profound ideology (Tetlcok, 2002) leads to a high-level construal of aggression whenever children would have to face a social interaction. In order to examine our hypothesis, we conducted a study with 217 (F=116, H=101) young children and adolescents, using a package of questionnaires, including series of stick-figure cartoon (Smith, et al., 2002). For each vignette, the participants were asked to imagine to be involved in described event in near-future (next week) or in distant-future (next term). Resultants showed, for both reactive and proactive aggressive, distantfuture construal of conflict situations has lead individuals with low Belief in a Just World to remember a greater number of Aggressive Memories in order to preserve their Vision of the Social World. 37

38 XLII CICA Marina Butovskaya 1,2,3, Dmitry Karelin 2, Valentina Burkova 1 1. Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Moscow 2. Moscow State University, Moscow 3. Russian State University for Humanities, Moscow Does parents beating predict self-ratings on aggression in four traditional African cultures? Currently parents beating are strictly forbidden in European Union and many post-industrial countries, but in many non-industrial cultures parent violence are practiced nowadays. In this paper we test the association between the violence experienced from parents in childhood and self-ratings on aggression in adults, representatives of four traditional cultures from northern Tanzania: Hadza (n=368), Datoga (383), Maasai (n=311) and Isanzu (n=213). The data were collected between 2007 and 2017 by the authros. All respondents were highly traditional in everyday life and followed cultural prescriptions in their social behavior. Ratings on aggression were measured by the Buss-Perry aggression questionnaire. The interviews were conducted in Swahili personally with each respondents due to the fact that majority of them were illiterate. It was demonstrated that parent's beating were practiced in all four cultures. Family violence was positively associated with anger in Hadza, with physical aggression in Maasai, with all four scales of aggression in Datoga and Isanzu. Age, sex and cultural factors as predictors of aggression are presented. We are going to discuss these findings in the context of the processes of nation-creation in Tanzania and current trends in interethnic marriages in this country. Violet Cheung-Blunden University of San Francisco Does parents beating predict self-ratings on aggression in four traditional African cultures? Past research has shown that participants with a greater sense of vulnerability after a terrorist attack tended to embrace surveillance policies. A deeper research question is whether their support is rooted in cognitive risk perception (Cohr, Kielmann, & Maes, 2005) or in the emotions of fear and anxiety (Learner, 2003; Lohm, Davis, Flowers, & Stephenson, 2015). 38

39 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue An online survey was conducted after the 2015 terrorist attack in Paris. American participants from Amazon Mechanical Turk (N = 220), and German participants from Clickworker (N = 232) were polled in a crosscultural study examining their support for government surveillance. Two dependent variables attitudes toward restriction of civil liberties (ATRCL) and attitudes towards surveillance measures (ATSM) were first examined as a function of demographics in order to control for their effects in the upcoming hypothesis testing. Another round preliminary analysis was conducted to examine the correlations between our dependent variables and main predictors, i.e. risk assessment, fear and anxiety. In the American sample, ATRCL and ATSM both held significant correlations with risk, fear and anxiety. In the German sample, ATRCL was significantly correlated with fear and anxiety. ATSM attitudes held a significant correlation with anxiety. To test our hypotheses, we conducted a linear regression analysis for each dependent variable by simultaneously taking into account the significant demographics and significant predictors. In the American sample, the result was the same for both dependent variables where fear alone was the significant predictor (ATRCL: β =.21, SE =.09, p =.026; ATSM: β =.20, SE =.14, p =.046). In the German sample, the results for ATRCL found fear approaching significance (β =.18, SE =.08, p =.059) and the results for ATSM revealed anxiety as a significant predictor (β =.14, SE =.06, p =.034). It is not so much of the perceptions of risk but the feelings of fear or anxiety that push citizens toward surveillance policies. Marzanna Farnicka University of Zielona Góra What can psychology offer in cross - cultural dialogue? - The way of improvement of intercultural competence The EU report made by Salto in 2010 noticed the relevance of intercultural competence for living in the globalized world. The hope was based on using them in proper and effective way we can decrease social injustice and discrimination, isolationism, fear and stagnation. Moreover we can improve the climate about building the conditions to dialogue. 39

40 XLII CICA The psychology as a field of a applied social science could offer some theories, procedures and trainings in solving some basic problems (fear, prejustice) and in mediators' preparation, and conditions' to dialogue. Presented paper is focused on theories of acculturation, emotionalcognitive processes involved in the creation and preservation of the bias, and intercultural skills such as: dealing / coping with insecurity, critical thinking, tolerant of ambiguity, communication. This knowledge can be part of professional training and support process of intercultural dialogue. Damian I. Onyekwere Member of the CICA Council Respect and Tolerance from a Cross Cultural Approach: effective tools for conflict-solving There are differences with a relatively high degree of heterogeneity which when they are considered to be a cultural enrichment, positive values and opportunities, this attitude might contribute to a harmonious and peaceful co habitat, especially in this era characterized by a globalized world with a dynamic interchange of population, diversity of cultures and different ethnic backgrounds. These differentiated values, might be based or not, in religious beliefs, ideological beliefs or simply learned. The reasonable doubts about the underlying features of these beliefs somehow justify a need for a work focused on Conflict - solving and Cross- cultural dialogue. Bearing in mind that this is not a dialogue between equals. For that a need for Respect, Tolerance, Dialogue based on multicultural approach and empowerment. Some unavoidable features: Heterogeneity in nationalities and cultures of origin. Heterogeneity of ages and sexes. Heterogeneity in philosophical and religious options. Heterogeneity also in the motivations among others. Our experience, and data gathered from our daily observations of the people from different nationalities, cultures, languages, and what have you, show that the real possibilities of an immigrant to be able to preserve his identity in the emigration process is really a difficult task. Sometimes 40

41 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue provoking tensions, conflicts, discomfort or incomprehension, which at times end up in resignation or rejection attitude. There is an exhausting effort to preserve what the individual was in the country of origin and at the same time struggling to adjust adequately to the new norms of the host country, while striving not to find himself in the phenomenon of cultural assimilation, disintegration and the risk of possible social exclusion. Awareness of differences in cultural backgrounds and carrying out sensibilization campaigns and other positive attitudes as already mentioned earlier could facilitate somehow mutual understanding thus reducing conflicts. A unilateral approach could be a handicap when carried out without an active participation of the communities jointly and cooperatively as a whole. Due to a growing population of people from different nationalities in many communities ( the phenomenon of a dynamic interchange of population with very diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds), it could be convenient to adopt the attitude of Respect, Tolerance, cooperation and dialogue. An adequate and balanced Conflict solving skills, specialized training and profound knowledge are necessary in order to fill gaps in the theoretical knowledge of different cultures. Respect for differences, as well as the awareness of self prejudiced ideas, ethnocentric sentiments is needed. Being open to other systems of values, and also trying to improve personal and cultural identity to facilitate openings to intercultural communication and understanding. The overcoming of these previous stages are conditions necessary to enhance advancing in other aspects. Respecting the differences and accepting them if need be constitutes a fundamental approach to a better mutual understanding, and recognition. Among so many real obstacles are those that emerge from within, prejudices, and/ or (Ethnocentrism). These behaviors and extreme attitudes are strong obstacles to acceptance of diversity. It might be convenient to highlight that depending upon the nationality, one behavior or the other might be aggravated. Hence this undeniable need for intercultural communication as a challenge of great magnitude for our time. To enhance a peaceful and intercultural dialogue and to put to the least the "cultural clashes" it should be necessary to avoid certain extreme Attitudes, Generalization, Irrational Fears, Xenophobia, Ethnocentrism, to mention but few. 41

42 XLII CICA Predrag Vujovic Public Relations Business School, Belgrade How to communicate cultural difference as advantage for building better community in multinational society. If we define communication as a way to share information, thoughts, believes, feelings, needs, ideas and in order to produce understanding and cooperation, efficient communication is vital activity in establishing good relations with others. People can prevent cross-cultural conflicts by learning about cultures that they come in contact with. This knowledge can be obtained through schools, cultural activities, communication campaign, media activities, education, training programs, festival and events promoting different cultures, good practice cases, but also in opening people for the communication with others, especially with people from different cultures. Emina Omanovic Asian Bosnian-Herzegovinian Association for Cooperation Art as a powerful tool for (re)creating and fostering cross-cultural links (in the Balkans) Last decade was marked by an increased interest of scientists and researchers for the role of art and culture in the reconciliation processes and its role as potential catalyst for change in post-conflict zones. As in the rest of the world, art scene in the Balkans was often a reply to social circumstances in this area. After the conflicts in the Balkans in the end of last century ( ), a multifaceted, multicultural, multinational and multi-religious society in the Balkans needed to recreate broken bonds. Politics was often obstructing the process, however arts and culture were putting efforts in creating the path towards dialogue. This paper investigates how art, cultural events, cultural institutions and individuals were dealing with recent past and are still recreating and fostering cross-cultural dialogue in the Balkans. It will stress the advantages of multicultural society, examine how art might contribute to sustain or promote social cohesion in society, bridge the gaps in cross-cultural 42

43 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue dialogue and improve relations in a multinational society. Focusing on Bosnia and Herzegovina, it will give examples on how art projects (Biennial of Young Artists of Europe and the Mediterranean, Duplex Gallery, Sarajevo Winter Festival, Cultural Center Abrasevic and others) have helped audiences express emotions, re-examine the past, and improve communication and peace keeping process in unstable, postconflict society. Ioanna Popescu Leeds University Aesthetics of Peace: the role of art in conflict transformation Alternative conflict transformation methods are starting to be sought by scholars and peacebuilding practitioners because it was revealed that the traditional approaches cannot address the deep rooted sociopsychological causes of conflicts. This paper discusses the possibility of using art as a tool in conflict transformation by drawing from Lederach s definition of conflict transformation and Aristotle s concept of catharsis. Four case studies will be analysed in order to assess how artistic activities and aesthetic experiences can be used to address some underlying causes of conflict such as: trauma, miscommunication, social exclusion and dehumanisation. This study is important in the peace studies field because it provides a new approach through which conflict transformation can be pursued in order to prevent the (re)occurrence of violence. Camilla Pagani Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione, National Research Council Roma Identity, Diversity, and Destructive Conflicts In this presentation my considerations basically rest on these three points: a) the sense of identity lies at the core of both interpersonal and intergroup relations; b) the more complex is the sense of identity the higher is the possibility for these relations to be positive and for destructive 43

44 XLII CICA conflicts to be avoided; 3) a well-structured sense of identity basically lies on a deep awareness both of the various diversities that constitute the specific nature of this identity and at the same time of a certain degree of essential unity and completeness by which this specific nature is also characterized. Some data will be drawn from our research studies on youth s attitudes towards multiculturalism in contemporary Italian society. But also an excerpt from My Place, a contemporary Australian novel by Sally Morgan, will be considered, as it subtly presents the various and complex relations between micro and macro contexts as far as the concept of personal and cultural identity and the role of destructive conflicts in these relations are concerned. Finally, my considerations will be wound up with some references to complexity theory, as it is arguably an extremely useful tool for a deeper understanding of the experience of diversity. Dumisani Khanyile & John David Cluett Kevali Chemical Group & JDC Consulting, South Africa Sensemaking and Unknowables in Risk Management The understanding of unknowables in the risk management processes hinges on identity, requisite diversity and ontological dimension of a sense maker. A team involved in risk assessment and risk analysis must form a unit of sense makers who can deal with knowns, knowables and more so unknowables through the process of sensemaking. The paper discusses sensemaking concepts as popularised by Weick in 1995 and use this understanding to unravel unknowables during risk analysis. With the current focus on Terrorist Conflict that challenges all national and international security organisations, the importance of risk assessment and risk analysis becomes a critical part of mitigating those risks to prevent frequent, unannounced and devastating losses in human and assets of incalculable value. There are incidents of devastating terrorists attack which happened but retrospectively there were cues, but unfortunately sensemaking did not happen to connect the cues to the frame to pick up those weak signals and raise the alert. Sometimes the occasion for sensemaking did not happen even though there was ambiguity, unexpectedness or uncertainty during the risk analysis phase. 44

45 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Javier Jiménez-Ugarte Hernández Marca España Security and Defence indicators in country branding indexes The High Commissioner s Office for MARCA ESPAÑA has been following, for the last five years, the evolution of Spanish brand in those most prestigious Indexes regularly produced by Foundations and Think- Tanks, and has established a constructive dialogue with all public and private institutions concerned. Different indicators have been studied into six distinct groups: General; Economy; Tourism, Heritage and Culture; Quality Life; Governance; and Infrastructures. Significative improvements have been recorded since This presentation presents, from a national and international point of view, reasons for taking into consideration a new group of indicators under the title Security and Defence. Pilar Otero University Carlos III Madrid Dangerous delinquents with personality disorders: a comparative study of the situation in various legal cultures, with a special focus on Spanish criminal law. Guilt versus danger. This work relates the problem of dangerous offenders with personality disorders, for example sex psychopaths, and neuroscience studies of the last decades, which makes it possible to question whether these subjects are imputable or semi-imputable, that is, if they are fully Criminally responsible or not. Prior to this scientific progress, the behaviors of these subjects were conceptualized as violent performances free of the person. On the other hand, from the neuroscience it is verified that everything can be explained in scientific terms according to the rules of the causality. Consecuently, these studies will be useful to refine the relationship between certain conditions and their degree of responsibility. That is to say, with these advances the border between being responsible and irresponsible has been diluted. 45

46 XLII CICA However, this possible attenuation of the sentence does not combine well with the dangerousness of these subjects so that the penalty once complied by the subject must be supplemented with a post-penitentiary security measure aimed at special prevention. These security measures applicable to dangerous individuals established in different countries will be analyzed, with special attention to Spanish criminal law. Luis Millana & J. Martin Ramirez Secretaria General de Instituciones Penitenciarias, Spanish Home Ministry & Nebrija University Terrorism. A Brief Touch about Reality of the Prison Environment: Personal Experiences and Reflections In prisons, there are different types of modules where different programs are applied for intervention depending on recidivism, typology of crime and even by the dangerousness of the accused. Coexistence is easier in conflicting modules, since inmates see the official as a help or an equal and not as someone who must be confronted, as an enemy. Their trust or confidence to us, facilitates our work. On the contrary in other modules, we have reluctant internal to the options presented by the institution and materialized by the official. In these cases, the stress increases, is palpable, and the best defense is the ability with words, with dialogue. Obviously, this is not the best medium for understanding between people; it is even more complicated due to those who form groups or closed systems that face against those who they believe are their oppressors, as it is the case with prisoners who belong to armed or criminal gangs, Latino gangs (mainly maras), jihadist terrorism or convicted due to violent crimes. In order to do our job as best as possible when a conflict arises, we should get an emotional detachment, and focus the attention on the resolution of conflicts, although this is not always successful especially when other resources are needed. The more violence, the less options: these are reduced, becoming more drastic, with a decreased sensitivity to pain, which makes, in some cases, receiving no pain or suffered mental load during the conflict. It is a daily task, which in many cases, threats to our mental integrity or even our physic one. These individuals set on their own rules, breaking the established system that they do not share. But, at the same time, they know well enough the laws and they know how to use 46

47 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue their tools and self-protection mechanisms, resulting in complaints (mostly false) to the bodies concerned. This motivated an aggressive behavior that is not devoid of goals, but it instead is aimed at achieving goals, like destruction of all that does not coincide with their purposes or their thoughts. It is what is known as instrumental aggression. This situation forces the officials to be under permanent alert, with the risk of reducing their the self-control. After having had enough argues, discussions, dialogues within a hostile, threatening and complicated environment, we think that this violence, that we could call politic but personal, is carried out by people lucid but threatening, rational but faced against the world and the people around them, with reasons which, even if they might be morally justified, they are full of aversion. All this generates in the officials a constant pressure, a psychological permeability, producing a fear, holding in the air your own ghosts, generating doubts, that sometimes may weaken our own knowledge and our own performance. Jesús Rafael Argumosa European Institute of International Studies The world order to the new geopolitical tendencies Past research has shown that participants with a greater sense of vulnerability after a terrorist attack tended to embrace surveillance policies. A deeper research question is whether their support is rooted in cognitive risk perception (Cohr, Kielmann, & Maes, 2005) or in the emotions of fear and anxiety (Learner, 2003; Lohm, Davis, Flowers, & Stephenson, 2015). An online survey was conducted after the 2015 terrorist attack in Paris. American participants from Amazon Mechanical Turk (N = 220), and German participants from Clickworker (N = 232) were polled in a crosscultural study examining their support for government surveillance. Two dependent variables attitudes toward restriction of civil liberties (ATRCL) and attitudes towards surveillance measures (ATSM) were first examined as a function of demographics in order to control for their effects in the upcoming hypothesis testing. 47

48 XLII CICA Another round preliminary analysis was conducted to examine the correlations between our dependent variables and main predictors, i.e. risk assessment, fear and anxiety. In the American sample, ATRCL and ATSM both held significant correlations with risk, fear and anxiety. In the German sample, ATRCL was significantly correlated with fear and anxiety. ATSM attitudes held a significant correlation with anxiety. To test our hypotheses, we conducted a linear regression analysis for each dependent variable by simultaneously taking into account the significant demographics and significant predictors. In the American sample, the result was the same for both dependent variables where fear alone was the significant predictor (ATRCL: β =.21, SE =.09, p =.026; ATSM: β =.20, SE =.14, p =.046). In the German sample, the results for ATRCL found fear approaching significance (β =.18, SE =.08, p =.059) and the results for ATSM revealed anxiety as a significant predictor (β =.14, SE =.06, p =.034). It is not so much of the perceptions of risk but the feelings of fear or anxiety that push citizens toward surveillance policies. Alberto Gil Ibáñez Office of the President, Spanish Counsel of State "The western cultural decadence as an obstacle for intra and transcultural dialogue" Dialogue according to the Spanish Academy dictionary is a "talk between two or more people, who alternately express their ideas or affections... in search of compromise or agreement." In order for dialogue to take place, each party must be clear about what their ideas or affections defend and a clear intention to understand those of the other. Otherwise we would fall into the "dumb/useless dialogue" ("a conversation without logical coherence") or in the "deaf dialogue (a "conversation in which the interlocutors do not pay attention"). The thesis of this Communication is that the dialogue between cultures is hindered in practice, in addition to other factors, by the fact that Western society does not know who is and who wants to become. Jean-Fraçoise Lyotard (postmodern scholar) characterized postmodernity by the 48

49 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue feature of including discourses, languages and different stories almost for each occasion or social group, which would lead to the concept of multiculturalism : a society composed of minorities who coexist in supposed creative freedom each one with his own story and language. This should facilitate dialogue but Lyotard himself would realize that this relativism legitimized as well, as one more element of a plural society, the survival of the neo-nazi discourse and (we would add) any other radical discourse that intends to destroy democracy and pluralism itself. Arthur J. Kendall Science and Human Rights Coalition Do Western and Eastern cultures completely clash? Recently world leaders have pushed a divisive perspective of preserving Western values and protecting ourselves in the clash of civilizations. In contrast there are two perspectives that can move us toward harmony and understanding. In this presentation Dr. Kendall will reflect on how the science and scientific responsibility perspective and the human rights perspective can work together. Miguel Bettin IEPSIV (Colombian Psicobiosocial and Violence Study Institute) Colombian post-war in the middle of drug trafficking and criminal gangs The civil war in Colombia, which caused more than 200,000 deaths and nearly 7 million victims, its arriving to an end after 50 years. However, the same phenomenon that fueled it for decades; drug trafficking, which imprinted it with special characteristics, makes that Colombian post-war also has particular traits that even compromise the peace process that has begun. Although the numbers of violence have decreased with the signing of the peace treaty between the government and FARC, Colombia still has a rate of 25.2 homicides per 100,000, thus exceeding the average rate in Latin America that is around 21. The number of deaths associated 49

50 XLII CICA with the armed conflict went from 1710 fighters in 2017 to 440 in 2016, however in Colombia today a murder is committed every half an hour. The production and trade of illicit drugs, which was the fuel of a war of more than 5 decades, is now also to promote the new forms of post-war violence that have been sown mainly in Colombian cities, as well as in the territories formerly controlled by FARC. Criminal gangs, born from paramilitarism, nowadays operate a large part of drug trafficking and illegal mining. In consecuence the measures that have to be adopted in the framework of this sui generis post-war, which although similar to some others, is produced in the world's first producer country of cocaine, and therefore requires creative and bold measures both In the economic as the social thing that avoids the resumption of civil war. An enormous task of psychosocial reparation of the victims, inscribed in a new and extensive policy of mental health, is urgently required. Nicolas Buckley Universidad Metropolitana de Ecuador The Colombian Peace Referendum: Causes of the failure of the referendum on the peace accords between Juan Manuel Santos and the FARC. Limits and historical contradictions of the Colombian state. On October 2, 2016, Colombia held a referendum to approve the peace accords between the government of Juan Manuel Santos and the guerrilla Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC). Against all expectations at national and international level, the result was the victory of "no" to such agreements. How can these results be understood at a historical level? In the months following this unexpected result, many reports, falling into simplifications, basically cast the blame on part of the Colombian people for not understanding the importance of the referendum. The previous question, however, reveals the need to deepen Colombian history in order to understand the causes of this "no". My proposal, more specifically, refers in the necessity of analysing the history of the FARC in order to understand the contradictions of a 50

51 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Colombian state that has been unable to establish a culture of peace that will take root within the Colombian society. Ana Cornelia Beyer Hull University How to rebuild Syria long-term A new Marshall Plan, such as the programme of intensive aid and reconstruction applied to Germany after the Second World War, is needed as soon as the violence really has stopped sufficiently to rebuild the country, as well as other countries in the region. It would help stabilise the country and would even help with the flow of refugees from Syria towards Europe. Prosperity can bring peace, as we also know from the literature on civil wars. Civil wars, such as we have seen in Syria, usually happen in countries below a certain developmental level. This does not mean that we should help the Islamic State more, as long as they are fighting, with foreign aid. But it means to build up the rest of Syria, and help even the Islamic State as soon as they stop fighting and start complying with human rights and other demands. Such a Marshall Plan could be a joint project between the Western powers, and powers such as China, Russia, and Brazil. It should contain intensive economic reconstruction aid in terms of infrastructure creation, finance and investment, job creation, education, good governance, but also other aspects of support, such as might be fulfilled by first NGOs and later by good governance: including a welfare state comprising social services, medical and mental health services, welfare services, disability services etc. Secondly, research seems to indicate that, for example, an increase in mental health conditions such as depression, but also others in any country probably increase in war and after war and can possibly predict the outbreak of (renewed) conflict. Hence, mental health should be taken seriously (but not as dogma) in addition to physical health in Syria and other post-war countries. It would be a normal occurrence of certain mental health conditions to increase after the experience of war. Also, it would be impossible, and not sufficient, to address such a development, i.e. an increase in mental health problems, with medication 51

52 XLII CICA alone. While traditional medications might be necessary for and wanted by some people, they should always remain a choice. Alternative options also should be offered (as soon as possible), as the experience in the West has shown that a reliance on drugs solely is often insufficient to treat mental illness. While a cessation of violence and a process of economic recovery, including full employment as soon as in any way possible, would be probably help relieve mental distress, additional options could possibly be considered. They could include therapeutic services, alternative and new medical and therapeutic options that are available or becoming available in the West, sufficient supply with healthy nutrition that is high in nutrients (i.e. fresh produce) as this has also been shown to play an important role in recovery from mental illness, social facilities of all sorts to recreate communities: from community and recreation centres, churches (i.e. mosques), education facilities, libraries, to cinemas, to sports clubs, etc., free media and, importantly, as wide as possible access to the internet. Other options might be thought about or demanded by the populations. Vitamins and other supplements are recommended as add on to medication. Finally, mental health should not become an obsession replacing other (re)development needs. Tania García Sedano Court of the Province of Ávila Universidad Carlos III, Madrid Illegal immigration The restrictive migration policies adopted in recent years by migration destination States encourage the proliferation of "illegal" immigration channels exploited by criminal organizations that base their business on this difficulty of "migrating". In this way, we can explain the inevitable relationship between the emergence and consolidation of the phenomenon of trafficking in immigrants and trafficking in human beings. Therefore, "trafficking in human beings is an opportunistic response to the tensions between the need to emigrate and the restrictions of public order that oppose it." Thus, despite recognizing the sovereign right of all nations to determine their migration policy, unduly restrictive policies, both in countries of origin 52

53 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue and in countries of destination, are inadequate. The effects of restrictive migration policies condemn migrants to the irregularity that ends "not infrequently, passing through the spaces where the risks of exclusion are more significant, becoming a breeding ground for the exploitation of human beings" and, on the other hand, Lead potential migrants and employers to seek ways to circumvent regulations, which drives irregular migration, trafficking and forced labour. Fátima Cisneros Ávila University of Málaga Immigration and reject: a political and criminal analysis of the frontiers of tolerance Cultural diversity is an inherent reality of all societies. Globalization and the ease with which we move and get in touch with other people and other cultures have made our world a multicultural setting. This has allowed us to enrich ourselves, to learn new ways of interpreting the world and new customs that have undoubtedly added value to our way of life. However, it should be said that this plural reality has also been a challenge in terms of its management. One of the most complex realities is immigration, one of the main sources of diversity. The important migratory flows that have occurred in the last decades oblige us to ask ourselves how the coexistence between the majority culture in a society and those cultural minorities that live in that society must be confronted. In turn, the increasing rejection of the different and the rise of hate speech that is being experimented, make it difficult to study this question from parameters of tolerance and intercultural dialogue. This research makes a criminal political approach to the relationship between increased immigration and the emergence of xenophobic and racist attitudes, as a result of a climate of rejection of the different that seems to feed, even from the very structure of the legal system. Together with the study of the current state of the issue and the analysis of the most complex problems, I make a proposal of treatment from the principles of interculturalism, with the aim of providing the appropriate framework for dialogue to manage cultural diversity and immigration From tolerance and understanding. 53

54 XLII CICA Lehdia Mohamed Dafa SERMAS Family Doctor The Prolonged Shelter, a threat to Security. The case of Saharawi Refugees In 1975, Morocco developed an occupation maneuver of the Western Sahara territory, until then under Spanish sovereignty, denominated "Green March", which counted with the support of United States, France and the countries of the Arabic Gulf. As a result of this occupation, more than half of the Saharawi population was forced to flee to the Algerian Hamada in order to establish in several refugee camps. Moreover, under the leadership of the Polisario Front, a national liberation war was declared, which lasted 13 years. In 1988, Morocco and F. Polisario, under the United Nations auspices, signed a ceasefire agreement and a commitment to hold a referendum on self-determination. Currently, due to the Moroccan blockade, such referendum has not been held and more than 100,000 Saharawi refugees have been living in the Tindouf camps in extreme precarious conditions for more than 40 years, separated from their families in occupied areas and with total reliance on humanitarian aid. Geopolitical factors (a rivalry between Morocco and Algeria), a framework of economic interests (Western Sahara has phosphate mines, a rich fishing bank and mineral deposits) and pseudo-humanitarian derivatives, are the main vectors of the extension of this litigious, pernicious and dangerous, prolonged shelter". The characteristics of this "prolonged shelter" are: A lack of time horizon, living in a desert habitat, without sanitation network, living completely on dependence conditions, serious deficits in sanitary basic, education and infrastructures are giving rise to important sequelae both in physical health (change of diet and eating habits, water pollution, lack of hygiene, chronic diseases, lack of medical assistance, accidents, air pollution etc.) and in mental health (anxiety, depression, return to supernatural beliefs and religious cures) and finally, an irreversible acculturation (loss of values and traditional knowledge, loss of self-esteem, picaresque, delinquency etc.). This acculturation and dependence on humanitarian aid make the former Saharawi nomads into beggars, disabling them for an authentic cross-cultural dialogue. 54

55 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue On the other hand, in Saharawi camps, as in other refugee camps, it can be observed a process of the model cronification (Excluded Camps), which hinders the processes of dialogue, reconciliation, inclusion and security. The contributing factors would be: a. The lower risk that the developed countries may consider the existence of these Camps in places far away than the reception of part of these populations (traumatized, who feel victims of injustices and with serious deficiencies) This lower risk assessment can lead them to create a line of permanent financing for its maintenance under the formula of Humanitarian Aid. b. The fiscal crisis of the developed world and the budget cuts of ODA have left a ground for the incorporation of the large business groups, which under the umbrella of the social corporate responsibility are developing projects in the areas of food, housing, education and logistics, which can end up becoming business lines oriented to public marginal that are increasing, and who have a minimum and basic income but constant. The Transcultural Dialogue is essential in order to avoid the conflicts encroachment with serious risks for peace and security; as well as an element that overcomes the exclusion and marginalization formulas, which are the camps where a part of the world population is subjected to the begging with serious mental and moral sequels. Miguel Ángel Tobías Director and film producer The audiovisual as an engine for solving conflicts and promoting transculturally for peace: DREAMS OF HAITI, GURBA, THE CONDEMNED, RISING NEPAL In 1975, Morocco developed an occupation maneuver of the Western Sahara territory, until then under Spanish sovereignty, denominated "Green March", which counted From my point of view and based in my own professional experience, most of the conflicts start from the ignorance of the different realities that 55

56 XLII CICA live the different parts of it. It is the fear of the unknown what makes us distrust, run away from others, and what confronts us. We live in a world in which political and economic interests are often hidden and concealed on purpose to make us believe what interests them, those that mark the path of confrontation between countries, cultures, religions, people. Fear of the unknown is fostered to preserve a concrete status quo, regardless of the harm it may inflict on millions of people in the world. My professional work as Director of Film and Documentary during many years has made me travel around the world with my camera telling stories of human beings throughout the planet. My conclusion after having visited more than 100 countries and having lived with people of all kind of cultures is very clear: There are more things that link us to human beings than those that separate us. I usually explain it with an example that I have seen it and lived it: the cry of a mother due to the dead of her child is the same in Africa, India, Europe, USA Important things are lived the same everywhere: Our feelings, emotions, longings, sufferings, joys, are the same for all human beings anywhere in the world. When we achieve that people realize that this is so, we begin to look at the other as an equal. To be recognized in their eyes, in their joy, in their sadness, in their need, in their pain. But it is impossible to transfer to every human being that needs to generate that awareness, to each place of conflict, to each country different from one's own, to each culture, to each family. We can only do it through the audiovisual, which is, according to my point of view, the most powerful tool to change the world. When the examples that we show through the Cinema, the TV, Publicity, Internet, are positive, the society turns in positive and when they are negative, turns in negative. This conviction has led me in my professional development to tell stories through film documentaries, which demonstrate this fact in an unequivocal way. And here you have three examples of this reflection: Dreams Of Haiti ( It is the only documentary that was filmed in the Caribbean country after the earthquake. I want to explain here an anecdote lived with the President of Haiti after the earthquake took place, Michel Martelli, which is a clear 56

57 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue sign of the power of the audiovisual in the resolution of conflicts and at the time of building bridges between cultures. The President called me after watching the documentary and told me literally: "Thank you for making a documentary that makes the world want to help my people." I knew perfectly well that I could have shown through my camera the barbarity that, because of the situation, was lived there: death, murder, robbery, rape, lynching, voodoo ceremonies... all of which lived together with wonderful scenes Of love, of compassion, of solidarity, which were the ones in which I decided to focus with my camera to foster understanding, empathy and solidarity! I did the same with Gurba, The Condemned ( This documentary is about the violation of human rights in a refugee camp, as it happens to the Saharawi people, emphasizing those aspects on which we never think about in the conflicts, such as the psychological damage that occurs in the people who suffer from them. After the earthquake in Nepal, I also filmed a film documentary Rising Nepal ( Password: nepal In which, taking advantage of the latent spirituality of that country and the peaceful coexistence of Buddhists, Hindus and Christians, I wanted to highlight how, despite a tragedy, human beings are able of rising, linking collaborating, leaving aside our cultural, religious and ideological differences... and work together in favor of the community and always helping the weakest first. One of the protagonists of RISING NEPAL who appears in the film, saw her university career truncated by tragedy, and today, she is an immigrant who continues her studies in a Spanish university. In the same way, Gennet Corcuera, an adopted African immigrant, graduated brilliantly in Spain at a university that supported her, being the first Spanish-born deafblind to have a university degree. This 36 year old girl is the protagonist of the movie that I'm filming right now, "MY NAME IS GENNET". It is easy to understand through these two examples, the role that the university can and should play as a direct engine to change through its students, and as enhancer and prescriber 57

58 XLII CICA of social audiovisual projects to build bridges between cultures, which allow not only in the present but also much more in the future to avoid and resolve conflicts between "different" people. Jose Maria Poveda 1, Maria Menchaca 2, Thida Chak 3, Cintia Rodríguez 1, María Jesús del Olmo 1 & Alicia Rodríguez 1 1 Autonomous University, Madrid 2 Antonio Menchaca Foundation 3 University Health Sciences A Model for Community Rehabilitation Service: the CCSP in Cambodia The main goal of the Child in Crisis Support Project (CCP)was to support Cambodia s government to palliate risks associated with poverty amongst vulnerable people through psychosocial and supporting interventions. Were selected 3 schools, in a very needed district at the west corner of Cambodia border With Thailand. Proposed by UAM-UHS MOU and supported by the Antonio Menchaca Foundation The CCSP was focused on three main objectives. First of all, it intended to increase and strengthen the capacity of the psychosocial interventions of teachers and community networks through educational training. Secondly, to increase the community consciousness on different aspects related to the mental health, family education or children development among others, in order to create the better opportunities for supporting these children. Finally, it aimed to organize effective support networks to assist school children as much as those from the community. In order to accomplish the main purposes, according to the local authorities,the CCSP was in charge of recruiting and training the members of the project (teachers, social assistant, nurses and police officials), organizing the optimal workshops for all the selected areas, promoting the fundamental information of mental health and family relations, providing school material, supporting and guiding teachers to improve the education and identifying and assisting children on risk from a population of 945 students organized in 3 Schools: Hill 32 Primary School, O Ttravchou Primary School, Serey Meanchey Primary School. 58

59 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue I. Education programed for teachers: 1. Specific workshops to educate on subjects of mental health, social kills (communication, teamwork, empathy, body language and play). 2. Workshops designed for the development of English language abilities and computer skills. 3. Support programs for the training on Mental Health. 4. Periodic follow up programs on the field with visits from the project leaders. II. Supervision & follow up, Case studies of the assisted children: General evaluation & Mental Status Examination. Medical, pedagogical & psycho-social interventions. Crisis intervention III. Intervention in the school and social environment 1. Maintenance and extension of school library funds. 2. Cambodia woman dressmaking sustainability project. 3. Supplement and maintenance of health and water infrastructures. 4. Music Therapy Workshops. For mothers, childrens and school teachers IV. Presentation: At the International Solidarity and Collaboration Congress UAM (2011). Oficina de Acción Solidaria y Cooperación (UAM). 59

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61 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue List of participants Dra. Gracia Abad Quintanal (Spain) Professor in Political Science and International Relations, Universidad Nebrija Gracia Abad Quintanal holds a PhD in International Relations (Honours), a M. Phil in International Relations and a B.A in Political Science from Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Dr. Gracia Abad is Lecturer in International Relations and Political Science at Universidad Nebrija. She has also taught undergraduate, graduate and specialisation courses at Comillas University, Saint Louis University, Complutense University of Madrid and University of Salamanca, among others. Campus de La Berzosa Hoyo de Manzanares, Madrid, España Tel gabad@nebrija.es Evangelina María Álvarez de Eulate González Tel eeulate@yahoo.es 61

62 XLII CICA Army Major General Jesús Rafael Argumosa Former Chief of the Defense Study Higher School Chief of the Defense Study Higher School ( ). As Brigadier General and Chief of Joint Staff Strategy and Cooperation Military Division, led the The Spanish Military Strategy document, published in He was the commander of Mechanized Division 1º Engineer Regiment. In the Army Staff participated as Project Officer in the Army NORTE Plan. He has published more of two hundred of articles about geopolitics, security, strategy and defense in different civilian and military magazines. Dr. Adela Alija Garabito (Spain) Coordinator, International Relations, Universidad Nebrija Adela Alija Garabito holds a PhD in History from Universidad Complutense of Madrid. She has a degree in Geography and History. She is accredited from ACAP. She is a member of the Spanish commission of International Relations History (CEHRI) and the Contemporary History Association. She is part of the Interuniversity International Relations History Group (GHistRI) and is the leading investigator in the Nebrija International Relations scientific group. Campus de La Berzosa Hoyo De Manzanares, Madrid, España Tel aalija@nebrija.es 62

63 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Begoña Belda Bartolomé (Spain) Academic Secretary, Universidad Nebrija Campus Madrid-Princesa Hoyo De Manzanares, Madrid, España Tel Dr. Anna Cornelia Beyer (UK/Germany) Deputy Director of the Centre for Security Studies, Hull University, Hull University, Senior Lecturer, Deputy Director of the Centre for Security Studies, School of Law and Politics. Nicolas Buckley (Ecuador) Student, Universidad Metropolitana de Ecuador Dr. Miguel Bettin (Colombia) President of IEPSIV Chair of the Colombian Committee of CICA President of the Psicobiosocial and Violence Study Institute (IEPSIV) and a member of the Sociopsicobiological Academic Group of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. He holds a PhD from this same university in Psicobiology. He 63

64 XLII CICA has a Masters Degree in Drugdependency from the Universidad de Barcelona. He is the President of the Colombian CICA. Tel Móvil: Migbettin@yahoo.com Sonia Boulos (Palestine/United States of America) Professor, International Relations, Universidad Nebrija Sonia Boulos obtained an LL.M. and JSD in international human rights law from the University of Notre Dame, USA. She currently works as an adjunct professor at the University of Antonio de Nebrija in Madrid, where she teaches international law, international organizations and international human rights law. Boulos acquired extensive practical experience working with Israeli and Palestinian human rights organizations, including the promotion of international humanitarian law. Tel sboulos@nebrija.es Dr. Marina Butovskaya (Russia) Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Moscow, Russia Professor, Head of the department of cross-cultural psychology and human ethology,institute of ethnology and anthropology, Moscow, Russia marina.butovskaya@gmail.com 64

65 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Valentina Burkova (Russia) Russian State University for Humanities, Moscow Dr. Guillermo Calleja Leal (Spain/Cuba) Professor, Universidad Nebrija Bachelor and Ph.D. Diploma in Geography and History by the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain). Ph. D. Diploma in Contemporary History by the Phoenix International University (United Kingdom). Corresponding Member of the Real Academia de la Historia (Royal Academy of History, Spain), Graduate by the Centre Technique Européen de Formation en Sécurité: Professeur en Histoire de Sécurité et de Defense (Technical European Center of Formation in Security: History Teacher of Security and Defense, Belgium). He has directed and taken part in programs of investigation financed by: Instituto de Cooperación Iberoamericana (The Institute of Latin- American Cooperation, Spain), Florida International University (United States), Servicio Histórico y Cultural del Ejército del Aire (Historical and Cultural Service of the Air Force, Spain), Ramon Areces Foundation (Spain) and Ministerio de Defensa (Defense Department, Spain). Campus de La Berzosa Hoyo De Manzanares, Madrid, España Tel gcalleja@nebrija.es Dr. M Natividad Carpintero Santamaría (Spain) General Secretary, Institute of Nuclear Fusion, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Member of the Presídium of the European Academy of Sciences 65

66 XLII CICA Bachelor Natividad Carpintero-Santamaría is a professor at the Polytechnic University of Madrid and General Secretary of the Institute of Nuclear Fusion. She has a Ph.D., Diploma in High Studies of Defense. Natividad collaborates in the field of CBRN threats at the Air Force Warfare Center (CEGA) and at the Center for National Defence Studies (CESEDEN). She has published 75 papers, and authored the book The Atom Bomb: The Human Factor during Second World War (2007) and co-edited Inertial Confinement Nuclear Fusion: A Historical Approach by its Pioneers (2007). She has lectured in Latin America, Middle East, former Soviet Union, and the United States and co-organized eight international conferences as general secretary. Dr. Carpintero-Santamaría has published 75 papers, and authored the book The Atom Bomb: The Human Factor during Second World War. She has received two academic awards in recognition to her research in history of applied sciences: the Alfonso XIII Award from the National Academy of Sciences and the first prize for her PhD thesis in She has also been awarded the Air Force White Cross for Aeronautical Merit and is corresponding member of the European Academy of Sciences. Instituto de Fusión Nuclear, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid José Gutiérrez Abascal 2 - Madrid Tel / natividad.csantamaría@upm.es Dr. Juan Cayón Peña (Spain) Rector, Universidad Nebrija Dr. Cayón Peña has a PhD in Law from Universidad Pontificia Comillas (ICADE). He has been General Secretary, Vice-rector for International Relationships, Head of the Law and International Relationships Academic department, Legal Counsel, Full Professor 66

67 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue (Law philosophy, Moral & Politics) before been Rector at Universidad Nebrija. He has also been Assistant professor at the Ministry of Law and Justice, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Police National Force). Is the author of many articles and co-author of several books. Academic Scholar of the Royal Academy of Jurisprudence and Legislation. Benefactor of the Elias de Tejada and Erasmo Percopo Foundation. A member of the Società Internazionale Tommaso d'aquino and member of the International Union of Catholic Jurists. President of the Southamerican Catholic Culture Association. Academic Scholar of the Arts and Sciences Academy, Puerto Rico (USA). He is visiting professor in different universities: Catholic University of Santiago de Guayaquil (Ecuador), Inter American University of Puerto Rico and Pan-American University of Mexico. and Fellow of the World Academy of Art and Sciences Campus de La Berzosa Hoyo De Manzanares, Madrid, España Tel Francisco José Cesteros García (Spain) Industrial Engineer ICAI Council Member of ADALEDE (Spanish Asociation of Alumni of Higher Studies on National Defence) Francisco J. Cesteros is industrial engineer from the ICAI, and has several diploms on National Defence and in Cybersecurity by the Spanish Defence Ministery. Professional Expert in Information Systems, Private Investigations, Security and Defence. Industrial Engineer ICAI; Private detective; Master in Business Administration; Master in Peace, Security and Defence. Diplomat in National Defence and in Cybersecurity by CESEDEN, Judicial expert on engineering, security, graphology, documentoscopy and scientific police. Certified instructor in Lie Detection by Dr. Paul Ekman. Currently working in the field of IT, Research on 67

68 XLII CICA Security/Defense, with over 25 years of experience and providing capacity, knowledge, methodology, team management and focus on results. At the present, he works as Intelligence Manager of Cuzco Detectives. Las Rozas de Madrid Mobile: Thida Chak (Cambodia) Director Department of Psychiatry. University Health Sciences (UHS) (Cambodia) Dr. Violet Cheung-Bunden (USA/Hong Kong) University of San Francisco Violet Cheung is an associate professor in the department of psychology at the University of San Francisco. Her research on mass emotions started 15 years ago while she was completing her doctorate degree at University of California at Berkeley. She examined angry responses to the 9/11 terrorist attack and how the public sentiment precipitated the U.S. to go to war. She now focuses on anxious and fearful responses to the new threats in cyberspace. Her research was funded by the American Psychological Association. Fátima Cisneros Ávila (Spain) University of Málaga Fatima Cisneros Ávila holds a PhD in Law from the University of Málaga. His line of research is the study 68

69 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue of the relationship between multiculturalism and criminal law, with special reference to issues such as diversity management policies, crimes of discrimination or hate crimes. She has been a Fellow of the Training Program of the University Teachers of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport and has carried out her doctoral thesis on culturally motivated behavior, in which she has analyzed the tendency in criminal law to address the determination of The criminal responsibility of those who engage in criminal conduct motivated by their cultural origin. She has made several publications on the main themes of her research and has been part of the research projects "Multiculturality, gender and law" and "Collectives on the margins: their exclusion by law in times of crisis", whose principal investigator was the Professor of Criminal Law Patricia Laurenzo Copello. He is currently developing his postdoctoral research on the introduction of the crime of forced marriages in criminal law. fatimacisneros@uma.es John David Cluett (South Africa) Former Visiting Adjunct Professor. University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Researcher: JDC Consulting John was awarded M.Phil. (Mechanical Engineering) from Rand Afrikaans University, Johannesburg and has been Visiting Adjunct Professor at the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. John s career in the brewing industry extends back over 5 decades having travelled extensively around the world and held positions in manufacturing and consultancy organisations. Over the last 30 years he has been actively involved in academic and operational research of stainless steel in the food and beverage industry. In recognition of this work, he received a Lifetime Achievement Award in 2016 from the Southern African 69

70 XLII CICA Stainless Steel Development Association (SASSDA). John has 40 publications in Researchgate covering subjects related to biotechnology, nanotechnology, engineering, corrosion and social networking. John is a member of the EHEDG Working Group Foreign Bodies, Past Chairman of the IBD Africa Section, Fellow of the Institute of Brewing and accredited Assessor and Moderator of the Food Bev SETA, South Africa. 108 Lanzerac. Lonehill, South Africa PO Box 1457, Lonehill 2062 South Africa johndoreencluett@gmail.com Rocio Corrales (Spain) Rocio is an international relations professional with expertise in the MENA region and four years experience in project and events management in the area of cultural exchange and dialogue, in diplomatic missions and international organisations working closely with embassies and government bodies. She holds a Master s degree in International Politics from The School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London. C/ Collado de la Mina 7, F, bajo Madrid Te rociocorralesrayon@gmail.com Andrzej Czop (Poland) Former Commander-in-Chief of the Police in Krakow and Head of the Prevention Department of the Police in Krakow Graduated Faculty of Law ad Adminisration, Jagiellonian University, Cracow. Previously he served in the Police, i. a. as Commander-in-Chief of the Police in Krakow 70

71 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue and Head of the Prevention Department in of the police in Krakow. Currently he also holds the position of Vice-President of the Polish Employers Association Protection, Branch of Malopolska. He is a lecturer at University of Public and Individual Security "APEIRON" in Krakow. The main purpose of its research activities is to seek practical solutions to enhance the level of security for both people and businesses. He gained a master degree (1 dan) in All Style Karate. kcb.aczop@tlen.pl Juan José Delgado Moran (Spain) Lecturer in Security and Defence, Universidad Nebrija Campus de La Berzosa Hoyo De Manzanares, Madrid, España Tel jdelgado@nebrija.es Jarosław Dziubiński, M.A (Poland) Former Commander-in-Chief of the Police in Krakow and Head of the Prevention Department of the Police in Krakow Jarosław Dziubiński is graduated history and political science (master degrees) at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Poland. For few years active in typesetting and publishing industry, co-editor of over 150 scientific monographs and journals. Since 2017 holds the chair of Head of the Publishing House of the University of Public and Individual Security APEIRON in Cracow. science@apeiron.edu.pl 71

72 XLII CICA Dr. Marzanna Farnicka (Poland) University of Zielona Góra Chair of the Polish Committee of CICA Dr. Marzanna Farnicka is a licensed psychologist and adjunct professor in the Institute of Psychology at the University of Zielona Góra. She is a trainer of social skills and ART therapy. She is a member and chair of local branch of the Polish Psychology Association, the International Society for Research on Aggression and a cofounder of the Research Group on Family and Adolescents in Middle Europe. Her research includes developmental psychopathology included issues connected with family life, coping with stress and aggression and the support of development. She chairs the Polish CICA. Institute of Psychology, University of Zielona Góra Zielona Góra, Lubuskie, Polonia Tel marzanna@farnicka.pl Dr. Hélène Feertchak (France) Assistant profesor, Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris Descartes Hélène Feertchak research focuses on values and ideology in terms of cooperative movement, between the ideal of the origins and historical principles and the difficulties to translate them into a new movement, based on a clear, pragmatic and viable system of values/standards/behaviors. Laboratoire de Psychologie des Menaces sociales et environnementales Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris Descartes 71, avenue Edouard Vaillant, Boulogne-Billancourt Cedex, France. ln.feer@wanadoo.fr 72

73 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Dr. Juan C. Fernández Rodríguez (Spain) MBA Director and Postgraduate Coordinator, Universidad Nebrija Juan Carlos Fernández-Rodríguez is Professor at the Universidad Antonio de Nebrija of Madrid and Director of Postgraduate Studies in Risk Prevention, and Director of Academic Degrees, at its School of Social Sciences. Academic background: Degree and Ph.D. in Psychology, obtaining the unanimously outstanding rating suma cum laude for his dissertation and research proficiency (Universidad Complutense of Madrid). Technician in Ocupational Risk Prevention and University Expert in Management of People in Global Enviroments. He has participated in differents researchs projects dealing with Educational Technologies, Knowledge Economy and Globalitation, Managing stress and any other psychological topics. He has written several papers and books. Campus Dehesa de la Villa C/ Pirineos, Madrid Tlf: / Ext jfernanr@nebrija.es Ruth Ferrero Turrión (Spain) School of Political Sciences and Sociology, Universidad Complutense Madrid rferrero@ucm.es 73

74 XLII CICA Elizabeth Fodor (Germany) Writer and researcher specialize by the German DBS in the infancy development from 0 to 3 years old. She is the creator of The educational method trough movement and senses published by Pirámide Editorial in the Book Collection Todo un Mundo..., which is being spread since 1981 trough several workshops and conferences. Dr. José García Molina (Spain) Director, National School of Police Former Home Attaché at the Spanish Embassy in USA Dr. García Molina is Commissioner of the Spanish National Police. At the present, he is Director of the Spanish National Police School. Before, he has been Counsellor of Home Affairs at the Embassy of Spain in USA-Washington DC. (from 2010 to 2015); Deputy Director General of the Spanish Prime Minister Security Department (from 1997 to 2010); Secretary General of the General Commissioner of Public Safety (from 1996 to 1997); Chief of the South-Tenwerife National Police Station as well as other positions with responsibility on Public Safety and counterterrorism (from 1984 to 1996). PhD of the Madrid Polytechnic University ( 2011), he became Lieutenant of the National Police High Academy (1984), and got a Bachelor degree in Spanish Laws of the Madrid Complutense University ( 2000), a Master of Management in Public and Private Safety of the Madrid Carlos III University (2004), and a diploma as National Defence Expert of the Ministry of Defence (2004). Among his publications we can highlight the books Guía de la Patrulla Urbana, Plan de Seguridad Olímpica del Cuerpo de Policía Nacional., Manual sobre técnicas básicas de intervención policial, and Administración y Justicia Tradicional: El Consejo de Hombres Buenos de Murcia, 74

75 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue as well as several Public Safety instructional videos and more than 20 articles in journals such as Public Safety Police, Science Police, Civil Guard, Notebooks of the Civil Guard and Agricultural and Food Law. He has different Spanish medals of the Mérito Policía, Mérito Guardia Civil, Mérito Militar, Mérito Isabel la Católica and Mérito Civil. Escuela Nacional de Policía Avda. Juan Carlos I, nº Ávila Teléfono: / Móvil : Fax: jgamolina@policia.es Justice Tania García Sedano (Spain) Judge, Court of Avila Lecturer, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid Tania García Sedano is Deputy Magistrate at the Provincial Court of Avila, Associate Professor at the Carlos III University of Madrid and Associate Professor at the Universidad Pontificia de Comillas. Her research work focuses mainly on the study of the human rights of people who are particularly vulnerable, immigrants and victims of trafficking in human beings. c/ Valderribas 13, 4º-B , Madrid Tlf: taniagarciasedano@yahoo.es Dr. Luis García Segura (Spain/Dominican Republic) Coordinator, Nebrija-Santander Chair on Risks and Conflicts Management, Universidad Nebrija 75

76 XLII CICA Luis A. García Segura was born in the Dominican Republic. He studied Law, with a Masters Degree in Business Law and a PhD in Social Sciences from the University of Nebrija. He has worked for the public and private sectors in Education, Law and ICT projects. He is currently a bar member of the Ilustre Colegio de Abogados de Madrid and an Associate member of the American Bar Association. Campus de La Berzosa Hoyo De Manzanares, Madrid, España Tel lgarcise@nebrija.es Dr. Alberto Gil Ibáñez, (Spain) Office of the President, Spanish Counsel of State Alberto Gil Ibáñez, PhD on European Law by the European University Institute of Florence (Italy) and PhD (extraordinary prize) on Sciences of Religions by the University Institute of Sciences of Religions (Complutense University) with the thesis "Evil, Religion and Wisdom: a relational-integral struggle face to an ambivalent reality", where among other things, it performs a comparative study of how different religions approach the problem of evil. He has published numerous articles and several books in which he applies an interdisciplinary approach that cover diverse subjects: from institutional reform, to Law, History and Political Science. Recently he has published two relevant articles: Why nations fail? It s not "just" the economy, stupid! where he defends the thesis that cultural values strongly influence the performance of a society and Does exist (or should is exist) a European culture? In June of 2016 he has published the book The Silenced Historical Plot against Spain Alberto.Gil@consejo-estado.es 76

77 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Dr. Janusz Gierszewski, (Poland) vice-rector of University of Public and Individual Studies APEIRON in Cracow The area of his scientific interest is the issue of national security, in particular the organization of the social security system. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of security studies, he is also concerned with institutional and legal aspects of security. The author of several scientific works analising various aspects of security and public order. Dr. Abraham Haim, (Israel) President, Sefardi Community of Jerusalem, Israel Dr. Abraham Haim was born in Jerusalem within a Sefardi family. He has a Master in History of Middle East and in Arabic Language and Literature by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and a PhD in History by the University of Tel-Aviv. Professor and researcher in several universities, Dr. Haim was Director General of the Sefardi Heritage, at the Israeli Ministry of Education and Culture, for a quinquenium and Coordinador of the Commision of the Samuel Toledano Price, since its beginning (1997) until At the present, he is President of the Council of the Sefardi Community of Jerusalem, Fellow of the Assembly of the National Authority of Ladino and its Culture, Member of the Board of the Israeli Sefardi Federation and of the World Sefardi Sefardi Federation. Among other honours, he is also knight commander of the Spanish Order of Civil Merit, Honorary Fellow of the Diplomacy Academy of the Spanish Kingdom, Distinguished Guest of Salamanca as well as Honorary President of the Centro de Estudios Medievales de Ribadavia (Orense) of the 77

78 XLII CICA Asociación Cultural Monte Sinaí (Ponferrada), Socio de Honor de la Real Sociedad Colombina Onubense y de la Asociación de Amistad Judeo-Cristiana de Valencia, and Ambassador for Peace of the Universal Peace Federation. haimdan6@gmail.com Hon. Erna Hennicot-Schoepges, (Luxembourg) Former President of the Parliament of Luxembourg honorary Minister of Culture of Luxembourg Mrs. Hennicot-Schoepges, after a career as a concert pianist and a professor at the Luxembourg Conservatory, stepped into politics. She became the first woman president of the Luxembourg Parliament and held several government portfolios including Culture, Religions, Education, Higher Education, Research and Public Works. As a member of the European Parliament she was appointed Rapporteur to the EP on the European Year of Intercultural Dialogue in She was the founder of the University of Luxembourg and is currently the Vice President of the Institute for Cultural Diplomacy in Berlin. hennicotschoepges@gmail.com Daniel Hernández Meneses, (Spain) Universidad de Málaga 78

79 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Dr. Carolina Jiménez Sánchez (Spain) Universidad de Málaga Carolina Jimenez Sanchez is a lecturer on Public International Law and International Relations at the University of Malaga and Tutor Lecturer of National University of Distance Education. In 2013 she obtained her PhD with a thesis on gender and armed conflict. In 2015 won the International Research Award Victoria Kent. She has made several international research stays at centers of excellence, among which the University of Cambridge, the Transitional Justice Institute, University of Ulster (Northern Ireland) or the European University Institute in Florence (Italy) or the Centre for Gender and Women s Studies in Lancaster University. She has published several articles and papers in the field of gender and International Law in Spanish, English and French. She also published two books about women and war: Las mujeres en los conflictos armados: conflicto, proceso de paz y posconflicto and La dimensión de género en los Tribunales Penales Internacionales and one book about Western Sahara conflict El conflicto del Sáhara Occidental: el papel del Frente Polisario. carolina@uma.es Ambassador Javier Jiménez-Ugarte Hernández (Spain) Amb. Jiménez-Ugarte He studied Law, being Assistant Professor of International Law (University of Madrid). He joined the Diplomatic Service in 1972, being posted to the Spanish Embassies in Cairo and in Rome, Consul General of Spain in Houston, Edinburgh, Tetuan and Larache, at the Spanish Representation to NATO (defense and nuclear issues) in Brussels, as well as 79

80 XLII CICA Ambassador of Spain to Algeria, Greece and Sweden. Amb. Jiménez-Ugarte has also been Chief of Cabinet of the Secretary of State and Technical Secretary General at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Madrid, and Secretary General for Defense Policy at the Spanish Ministry of Defense. In April 2017 he has been posted to Marca España Office, at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Dmitry Karelin (Russia) Russian State University, Moscow Dr. Arthur J. Kendall (USA) Former Senior Mathematical Statistician at the US GAO Arthur J. Kendall is a political psychologist and a mathematical statistician. He has a PhD in Social Psychology and a BA in Philosophy. He specializes in applying social science methods and statistics to social and policy issues. He helps individuals and organizations: develop statistical and research capacity; design, implement, interpret, and review research and evaluation; explore existing data; review submissions for conventions, journals, and books. Dr. Kendall retired in 2001 from a Senior Mathematical Statistician position after 22 years at the US GAO where he mentored evaluators working in National Security and International Affairs, Federal statistical activities, and Federal scientific activities on behalf of the US Congress. Before that he was an Expert - Social Science Methods at the Statistical Research Division, US Census Bureau. 80

81 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue He is a Fellow and active member of the American Psychological Association (APA) and of the Society for the Psychological Study of Social issues. He served on the APA Task Force on the Psychological Effects of Efforts to Prevent Terrorism. He reviewed articles and did a massive editing of the book from that task force Collateral damage: the psychological consequences of America's war on terrorism. He helped in the establishment of APA s Division 48 and served on the editorial board of its journal and has been active in the International Society of Political Psychology (ISPP) since it was started in Dr. Kendall previously served as an Associate Editor for the journal Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict and Terrorism. He is currently on the Advisory Board of the Society for Terrorism Research and a reviewer for its journal, Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression. Dr. Kendall is an active member of the Classification Society and the American Statistical Association (AMSTAT). He serves on AMSTAT s Committee on Scientific Freedom and Human Rights, the section on Government Statistics, and is a founding member of the Section on Homeland Defense and National Security. He is a member of Statistics Without Borders where he provides consultation to governmental and nongovernmental organizations working on human rights and humanitarian issues. He provided methodological and editorial review for many of the chapters submitted for Statistical Methods for Human Rights. He helped establish the Science and Human Rights Coalition of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (SHR/AAAS). He works with AAAS s On-Call Scientists system which puts together human rights NGOs and volunteer scientists from many disciplines. He volunteers to help those NGOs plan and evaluate their programs, explore existing data, and document issues regarding human rights. 81

82 XLII CICA Recently, he was a co-editor of the CICA book Conflict, Violence, Terrorisn and Their Prevention, published by Cambridge Scholars. dr.art.kendall@gmail.com Dumisani Khanyile (South Africa) Technical Director & Co-owner: Kevali Chemical Group Dumisani graduated with BSc (Hons) in Chemistry from University of Natal and M Phil from University of Stellenbosch. He worked for global companies in the areas of Product Development, Quality Management, Food Safety Management and process optimisation using Lean Six Sigma methodologies. He also spent few years in Economic Development as Knowledge Manager. Dumisani is currently the Technical Director at Kevali Chemicals which is a company that is involved in Hygiene and Water Treatment solutions for Food and Beverage Industries. 15 Blesbok Place, Dawn Park, 1459 P O Box 20158, Dawn Park, 1474 SOUTH AFRICA dkhanyile@kevalichemicals.co.za Mona i Khoury-Kassabr (Israel) The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Mona Khoury-Kassabri is an full professor at the School of Social Work and Social Welfare at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and a visiting professor at the Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work University of Toronto. Prof. Khoury-Kassabri is the advisor for minority affairs to Hebrew University president, and the head of the 82

83 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue University Steering Committee for Accessibility to Higher Education among Arab Students. Her research evolves around issues related to the welfare of children and youth. She is especially interested in the area of children and youth at risk for becoming perpetrators and victims of violent and delinquent acts. Her research addresses both the factors underlying youth violence, and the ways to prevent victimization and perpetration and promote the welfare and rights of children. In addition, she has done several studies exploring the issue of parental and children development and understanding of children s rights. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem , Israel monakh17@gmail.com Ana Leon y Francia Ramos (Spain) Academic Secretary, Universidad Nebrija aleonyfr@nebrija.es Dr. Tina Lindhard, (Denmark/USA) International University of Professional Studies (IUPS), Hawaii, USA) Tina Lindhard has a B.Sc. in Psychology and Sociology from UCT, Cape Town, South Africa, a MA in Transpersonal Psychology from Sofia University (California, USA), and Doctorate studies in Consciousness Studies on the Arka Dhyana Method of Meditation (Intuitive Meditation) at the International University of Professional Studies (IUPS) in Hawaii, USA. She is President of the Center for Conscious Awareness Spain and member of the Spanish National Pugwash Group Her writings and investigations are mainly concerned with consciousness. 83

84 XLII CICA Office: P.O. Box 236 Makawao, Maui, USA HI Telephone: (800) Private Address: Pico de la Pala, Miraflores de la Sierra, Madrid. SPAIN Telephone: Mobile: Dr. Alice LoCicero, (USA) First Prsident of the Society for Terrorism Researh President-elect of the Society for the Study of Peace and Conflict Dr. Alice LoCicero is a Visiting Scholar at the Wright Institute in Berkeley, California, and a member of the Advisory Board for the Program in Social Justice at the Boston Graduate School of Psychoanalysis. Elected as 2018 president of the Society for the Study of Peace and Conflict (a division of the American Psychological Association), she is former president of the Society for Terrorism Research. Dr. LoCicero s recent scholarship has documented the costs of US counterterrorism policies, now including its policies toward Native Americans. Prior to her current positions, Dr. LoCicero was a core faculty member at the Center for Multicultural Training in Psychology at Boston Medical Center, and President of the Board of Directors of the Community Legal Services and Counseling Center in Cambridge, MA. Earlier in her career she was visiting professor at Tufts University, senior staff psychologist at Children s Hospital, Boston, and a faculty member at Harvard Medical School. alice.locicero@gmail.com 84

85 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Dr. Saideh Lotfian, (Iran) Chair of the International Pugwash Council Nobel Peace Prize 1995) Director, Center for International Scientific Studies and Collaboration of Iran Prof. Lotfian is Professor of Political Science at the Faculty of Law and Political Science at the University of Tehran. She is the Chair of the International Pugwash Council for the and Quinquenna. She received her Ph.D. from Michigan State University in political science, and was assistant professor of political science at the University of Iowa, TCU and Boston University from She was a visiting researcher at Stockholm international Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) in Sweden in 1995, and the Visiting Iranian Fellow at the Middle East Centre, St Antony s College (University of Oxford) in She has written on non-proliferation and nuclear disarmament in the Middle East, security of the Persian Gulf and Central Asia, and foreign and defense policies of Iran. At the present, she is the Director of the Center for International Scientific Studies and Collaboration, in the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Iran. feryal2500@yahoo.com Domingo de Silos Manso García (Spain) Ambassador of Spain Ambassador Domingo de Silos Manso, after getting a Degree of Law, and in Economics, attended the Spanish Diplomatic School, the Ecole Nationale d Administration de France (ENA), Promotion Michel de l Hospital (1979), and the NATO Defence College, at Rome, as well as a Course of High Studies of National Defence at the CESEDEN, in Madrid. 85

86 XLII CICA His Diplomatic Service started at the Spanish Embassies to the Holy See and to Italy. Then he was Commissioner of Spain for the International Exhibition of 1992, in Genoa, Mission of Spain to the OECD, Ambassador of Spain to Gabon and Sao Tomé Principe and Consul General of Spain in Mumbai. In the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, he has been in the Directions of Servicio Exterior and of Economic Affairs, High Council of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Ambassador General Inspector of Embassies and Consulates of Spain. At the present, Ambassador Manso works as Lawyer at the Bar, being Counselor of Antonio Viñal & Co, Abogados. General Díaz Porlier Madrid Tel. m: María Menchaca (Spain) President of the Antonio Menchaca Foundation Bilbao Dr. Luis Millana Cuevas (Spain) Prison administration oficial, Spanish Home Ministryl Mr. Millana has a PhD in Psychology from the Universidad Complutense of Madrid, was a member of the Sociopsychobiology of aggression academic group of the UCM and presently is a member of the Nebrija-Santander Chairo n Risks and Conflicts management. His research focuses on the study of aggression and pleasure in criminals. Luis works at the Spanish Home Ministry, in the Secretaria General de Instituciones Penitenciarias. c_millana_c@yahoo.es 86

87 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Hristov Mincho (Bulgaria) Lehdia Mohamed Dafa, (Western Sahara) Family Doctor in the SERMAS and PhD candidate at the medical School of Universidad Autónoma Madrid. She was born in Smara (Western Sahara), during the Spanish colonization; after 3 years her family took refuge in the Sahrawi camps in Tindouf (Algeria) where she grew up to 12 years. Lehdia did her high school and college students in Cuba, where she graduated in medicine. In her youth, she played different political responsibilities, and, as a medical doctor, she has exercised her professional activity in the Saharawi refugee camps in the Canary Islands, Melilla and currently in the Public Health Service of Madrid (SERMAS) as a family physician. Lehdia has a Master in Public Management at Speyer University (Germany) and another master of expertise in mastology at Menendez Pelayo InternationalUniversity. Currently, in addition to my work as a doctor, I am a researcher at the Autonomous University of Madrid with a doctoral thesis in the field of mental health of refugees. lehdia.m.dafa@gmail.com Cecilio Moreno Hurtado De Mendoza (Spain) Inspector Jefe de Policia Local de Valdepeñas 87

88 XLII CICA Cor. Fernando Morón (Spain) JCISAT-Unidad de Estudios / SUBOPER Acto. Cap. Sevillano Pozuelo de Alarcón. Madrid Tel / fmoron@et.mde.es Dr. Noémi Nagy (Hungary) Faculty of International and European Studies, National University of Public Service, Budapest Dr. Noémi Nagy is Assistant Professor at the Faculty of International and European Studies, National University of Public Service (Budapest, Hungary) as well as Lecturer at the Faculty of Law, University of Pécs (Hungary). From 2010 to 2014 she was research fellow at the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and in the 2014/2015 academic year she was doctoral research fellow at the Wirth Institute for Austrian and Central-European Studies, University of Alberta (Edmonton, Canada). She holds a PhD in law as well as university degrees in law and psychology. Her research interests lie in the field of language rights and minority protection. She is author of 25 publications, and she gave approx. 20 academic lectures in 8 countries in Europe as well is in America in English and Hungarian languages. She is fluent in English and Spanish. nagy.noemia@googl .com Hon. Amiira Neff, (Switzerland/Vietnam) President Founder WAM (Women Against Mutilations) Conseillère de Nations Unies auprès des ONG s 88

89 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Amiira Neff is an Afro-Vietnamese Advisor of the United Nations on NGO s in Switzerland and member of the ECOSOC Human Rights Council since She was elected Municipality Advisor in Montreux from , sitting on the Permanent Board of Management, COGEST and to the Migration Integration Unit, COCOSI. Organizer, trainer and specialist in issues related to the integration of migrants in Switzerland, the legal framework and the social and health issues relevant to foreigners. Marie-Christine Nibagwire (Rwanda/UK) Founder of Saferefugerwanda I suffered, I strived to survive, I now thrive to make a difference in my generation. By Marie-Christine Nibagwire, a survivor of the Rwandan genocide of Before the genocide, Marie-Christine was happy in her job as accountant, in her marriage and as a young mother of a two-year-old daughter. She escaped in horror, without any luggage or documents, stepping on the dead bodies of her loved ones. Carrying her daughter on her back, Marie-Christine crossed three other African countries seeking asylum without success. She managed to reach the United Kingdom in 1998 where she was granted asylum then citizenship. In 2001, after completing a training in Mentoring and Counselling refugees, Marie-Christine resigned from her paid job as Procurement Manager of Eurostar UK to devote herself fully to helping survivors of the Rwandan Genocide and she founded an organisation, called Saferefugerwanda that has been mentoring and counselling Rwandan refugees and other refugees from the Great Lakes who live in West Europe and North America in their integration in the Western society and in the upbringing of their children according to the West norms. Saferefugerwanda has also had compassion to refugees from those countries who are still in slums or camps in 89

90 XLII CICA Africa and who don't have access to social services nor any other organisation helping them. Saferefugerwanda has been reaching out to search refugees and helping them with projects that help them not only to generate income but also to restore their dignity. Saferefugerwanda also seeks to prevent genocides and wars. The organisation has many survivors who testify about the warning signs and triggering events that led to the genocide in Rwanda. Informed by their own experiences, the Saferefugerwanda team believes that the only way to prevent such atrocities is by educating in schools, universities, faith groups, social clubs, local and international communities, the values of equality, justice and respect of one another. Marie-Christine Nibagwire has many qualifications in helping refugees, in Peacebuilding, Mediation, Conflicts resolution, security and Human Rights. Marie-Christine Nibagwire is a member of the International Peacebuilders Forum based at Caux (Switzerland), a member of Professionals in Humanitarian Assistance and Protection based in Geneva. Marie-Christine Nibagwire is also a Licensed Minister of the Church of England, serving the Diocese of London in the leadership of Holy Trinity Brompton Church, located in Kensington Marie- Christine Nibagwire speaks five languages fluently and has traveled in more than 33 countries and states. She is known for her ability to relate and communicate easily to people from different cultures, colours and classes. Her story and her work have been published in different magazines including The Changemakers. She has also spoken on different radios including The Vatican Radio and spoken in different television programs in Europe and in the USA. In March 2016, Marie-Christine Nibagwire was nominated for the Women on the Move, award given by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Saferefugerwanda 61b St Charles Square Kensington. London W10 6EN United Kingdom saferefugerwanda@gmail.com 90

91 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue María Jesús del Olmo (Spain) Master de Musicoterapia (UAM) Ms. Emina Omanović (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Asian Bosnian-Herzegovinian Association for Cooperation, Understanding and Solidarity Ms. Omanovic is Secretary General of the Asian Bosnian-Herzegovinian Association for Cooperation, Understanding and Sophistication (ABACUS). A graduate in Psychology from Sarajevo University, she has been engaged in cultural projects and initiatives in Sarajevo and abroad since She was a PR and Program organizer of the Sarajevo Winter Festival from 2004 to 2007, and coordinated BiH artists at the Biennial of Young Artists of Europe and the Mediterranean, collaborating on cultural projects with various international media and institutions. A co-founder of the First Sarajevo International Guitar Festival, she has been actively working in the field of cultural diplomacy since emina@omanovic.com Annita Onyekwere (Spain/Nigeria) University of Jaén Student of Psychology at Universidad de Jaén (Spain) and Universitá di Torino (Italy) (2016/2017) in the frame of the Erasmus Program. Fellowship for a course of English language (MEC): Zoni Languages New York (USA) (2011). annita.ope@gmail.com 91

92 XLII CICA Dr. Damian Ikechi Onyekere (Nigeria) Doctor In Psychobiology by Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Member of the CICA Council Dr. Pilar Otero González, (Spain) Deputy Director of the Master in Public Law. University Carlos III Madrid Full Professor of Penal Law and accredited by the ANECA. She is the author of seven books and more than fifty academic articles and book chapters. C/ Madrid, 126, Getafe (Madrid). España. Tel Dr. Camilla Pagani (Italy) Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy. Camilla Pagani, chair of the CICA Scientific Committee, is a researcher at the Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC) of the Italian National Research Council (CNR). She has a degree in Modern Languages and Literature, a PhD in Anglo-American Literature, and a degree in Psychology. As the Head of the Project The sense of diversity and its psychological implications, she has mostly been involved in the following research areas: youth s attitudes toward multiculturalism; the perception of threat in cross-cultural relations; the role of knowledge, fear, hate, anger, resentment, and envy in youths racist attitudes; empathy in cross- 92

93 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue cultural relations; child-animal relationships with special reference to empathy and violence; the relation between animal abuse and interhuman violence in both their socially acceptable and unacceptable forms. She is Head of the Migrations and Education Unit of the Migration Project of the Dipartimento di Scienze Umane e Sociali, Patrimonio Culturale of the National Research Council. She is a Fellow of the University of Denver. She published papers in national and international peer-reviewed journals and chapters in national and international books, and co-authored a book with Francesco Robustelli on teachers attitudes toward immigrant pupils attending Italian schools in mainstream classes. She is Expert Evaluator of European projects for the European Commission. She is a member of IAIE (International Association for Intercultural Education) and of ISAZ (International Society of Anthrozoology). For some years she participated in the ISTC research project on education against violence ( Project for the Dissemination of the Seville Statement on Violence - Head: F. Robustelli,) in collaboration with the Ministry of Education and the Municipality of Rome. She organized international and national conferences and seminars on the themes of violence, cross-cultural relations, and child-animal relations and organized and held courses and seminars for principals, teachers, university and secondary school students, parents, and convicts. Via San Martino della Battaglia, 44, 00185, Rome Office: Mobile: camilla.pagani@istc.cnr.it Dr. Farzaneh Pahlavan (France/Iran) Professor of Social Psychology, Université Paris Descartes Farzaneh is currently professor of social and environmental psychology at Paris Descartes University 93

94 XLII CICA (Laboratory of Social Psychology: Threat & Society, EA 4471, Institute of Psychology, Paris Descartes University). Her research and publications focus on identifying affective, motivational, and cognitive regulation of social behavior, being author/co-author of more than 30 scientific articles, books, and book chapters. Dr. Pahlavan investigate the social behaviors in terms of individual and contextual differences in affective and cognitive processing of social/ environmental information. Laboratoire de Psychologie des Menaces sociales et environnementales Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris Descartes 71 avenue Edouard Vaillant, Boulogne-Billancourt Cedex, Tel : farzaneh.pahlavan@parisdescartes.fr Dr. Claudio Payá Santos (Spain) Cátedra Nebrija-Santander en Análisis y Resolución de Conflictos, Universidad Nebrija Profesor de la Universidad Nebrija, es Coordinador de la Cátedra Nebrija-Santander en Análisis y Resolución de Conflictos y Responsable del Grado de Seguridad de dicha universidad. Profesor visitante de la Universidad de Florencia y de la Luiss Guido Carli, Roma. Experto en asuntos relacionados con la Seguridad y Defensa, ha participado en congresos nacionales e internacionales. Campus de La Berzosa Hoyo de Manzanares, Madrid, España Tel (Ext. 5752) cpaya@nebrija.es 94

95 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Alejandro Paz Otero (UK/Spain) Student. SOAS University of London Alejandro Paz Otero was born in Madrid on the 29th of July, He studied in Santa María del Pilar School in Madrid and finished his Baccalaureate with First Class results. He is currently studying International Relations and Economics at SOAS, University of London. Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 67, 10º C, Madrid (Spain) Tel Marta Pankiv, M.A. (Poland) Head of foreign languages department at the University of Public and Individual Studies APEIRON in Cracow. She is also ERASMUS coordinator at APEIRON Barbara Piwowarska. (Poland) Chancellor, University of Public and Individual Security APEIRON in Cracow Juliusz Piwowarski, PhD. (Poland) Rector, University of Public and Individual Security APEIRON in Cracow. Rector of the University of Public and Individual Security Apeiron in Cracow. The founder of Cracow Research Institute for Security & Defence Skills APEIRON(2012) at the University of Public and Individual Security Apeiron in Cracow. A member of such scientific associations as International Martial Arts and Combat Sports Scientific Society, European Association for Security, Polish Union of Uniformed Services Instructors and the co-founder 95

96 XLII CICA of Polish Kickboxing Union. A multiple participant of World and European Championships in All Style Karate. Won the title of World All Style Karate Champion in 2006, has got master s degrees of 9 DAN in karate, 8 DAN in kickboxing and 5 DAN in ju-jitsu. In 1986 Juliusz Piwowarski founded a sports club Orion at Military Weapons Plants in Cracow. In the late 80s of the last century an infighting instructor of special police units (civil expert), including Anti-terrorist Campaign in Cracow. So far Juliusz Piwowarski is the author of two monographs published abroad, eleven monographs published at Polish publishers and nearly a hundred scientific articles published at Polish and foreign scientific magazines. His main interests are security sciences, philosophy of security, social psychology, sociology, pedagogy, praxeology and science of morality conceived as a constituent of the first pillar of security culture. juliuszpiwowarski@apeiorn.edu.pl Dr Jose Maria Poveda (Spain) Director CCSP (UAM-UHS) Prof. José María Poveda, M.D., Ph.D. is Tenured Lecturer in Psychopathology At the Department of Psychiatry. School of Medicine, and WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Research and Training of Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Fulbright- Spanish Government fellowship, At Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute. University of California, San Francisco (UCSF); DAAD, Max Planck Institut für Psychiatrie, Munich, Germany, and Head of Mental Health Services, at the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. Focused on transcultural research on the doctor-patient relationship. Dr. Poveda is Coordinator of Cooperation Program between University Autónoma of 96

97 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Madrid and University of Health Sciences (UHS), and with the University of Carabobo (UC), Venezuela; and Coordinator of the Child In Crisis Support Project (CCSP) in Cambodia. UAM-UHS with the Antonio Menchaca Foundation ( Bilbao). Among his multiple hobbies, he loves Trekking -Central Himalayas, Kumbu Valley, and Everest Base Camp, (Nepal); Merapy Volcano, (Java); Kintimany Volcano, (Bali); Lake Toba, (Sumatra)- and Canoeing -Sioux Lookout,( Canada); Amazonia, (Brazil); Pokara Lake, (Nepal). River Sella (Spain). C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 2-4 ; Madrid (SPAIN) Phone: Fax: jyjy04@gmail.com Dr. J. Martín Ramírez (Spain) Head, Chair on Risks and Conflicts Managment, Universidad Nebrija Chair of the Center for Conflict Studies at Nebrija University, he is also Fellow of the World Academy of Art and Science and Chair of CICAInternational and of the Spanish Pugwash Movement (Peace Nobel Price 1995). He studied Medicine, Humanities, and Law, obtaining a PhD degree in Medicine and Surgery (Neurosciences) and in Philosophy (Education) as well as three Diplomas and a Master in National Defense at the Spanish CESEDEN. Research Fellow of International Security Program of the Harvard University and Visiting Fellow of the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford University. Several times official of the Boarding Conseil of the International Society for Research on Aggression (ISRA), he is on the Advisory Board of the Society for Terrorism Research and of the Professors World Peace Academy. He has also been head of the Complutense Research Group on Sociopsychobiology of Aggression and of the Departments of Psychobiology 97

98 XLII CICA at the Seville and Complutense Universities, as well as Director of the Rector Office at the Universidad Autónoma Madrid. Dr. Martín Ramírez was Humboldt & Fullbright Fellow, in Ruhr Universität and Stanford, respectively, and is author of almost 500 scientific publications, among books and articles. Pico de la Pala, Miraflores (Madrid) - Spain Phone: Fax: mramirez@ucm.es jmartinramirez@nebrija.es nebrija-santander-resolucion-conflictos Ana María Ramírez Carro (Spain) PhD candidate, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma Madrid As an Educational Psychologist of Music, Ana Ramírez Carro focuses her interest in the development of children through music, more specific in the attention mechanisms. Currently is doing a phd at Autónoma University of Madrid, which study the influences of mother s singing during the first year of life of children. She studied her master s degree in Psychology of Music at the University of Sheffield, where she had the opportunity to do her final research about Music and Autism and also, to work in two big institutions from the area (Mossbrook School and Musical Works). She has attended to several conferences from important organizations such as, the International World Congress of Music Therapy, the Society for Education, Music and Psychology Research) or the Sheffield Autism Research Laboratory, among others. Her Bachelor s Degree of Music she got it at the Hogesschool voor de Kunsten, in Holland, where she started her professional 98

99 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue experiences as music teacher and performer. Her personal and professional project is to foment the psychology of music in order to improve the quality of life and development of children. She considers herself a creative but disciplined person, with great organization skills, high attention to detail, and very inquisitive about life. For her personality and education, to help people through music fascinates her. Thus, to continue researching the science that links, education, psychology and music is her biggest aim. Calle de las Eras 8, v.31, El Escorial, Madrid Telephone: anaramirezcarro@gmail.com Sheikh Dr. Hojjat Ramzy, (UK/ Middle East) Executive Member of the Muslim Council of Britain Hojjat Ramezanzadeh, known as Sheikh Dr. Hojjat Ramzy, is the Director of the Oxford Islamic Information Centre and the Muslim Chaplain at Oxford Brookes University. Born in the Middle East, Sheikh Ramzy has lived in Oxford for over 30 years. He holds an undergraduate degree from Oxford Brookes University and completed further Islamic studies at Markfield Institute in Leicester. As an Islamic scholar, he has worked with several governmental and non-governmental organisations and with religious leaders of all faiths. He established the Oxford Islamic Information Centre to provide accurate and accessible information about Islam with a view to promoting understanding, peace and brotherhood within the local and national community. h.ramzy@hotmail.co.uk 99

100 XLII CICA George Rayess Yazbeck (Libano) Interpreter & Journalist Born in Beirut, Mr. Rayess has a Master's Degree in Architecture by University of Norman - Oklahoma, and Diplomas on International Relations and on European Institutions by the Spanish Diplomatic School. Interpreter with the Spanish Royal House, Presidency of the Spanish Government, Congress, and Senate, as well as with several Spanish Ministries, Spanish Supreme Court, Lebanese Presidency and Ministry of Foreign Affairs, United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization, Doha Forum, Council of Europe, European Parliament, European Commission, European Asylum Support Office, International Red Cross, Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Inter-Parliamentary Union, Emirati National Council, among many others. Currently, Mr. Rayess is deployed by The European Asylum Support Office, Agency of the European Commission, in the Greek islands, to assess and train interpreters with 11 different languages, to help a team of asylum experts from Member States in processing international protection seekers in the relocation program, and later with admissibility and eligibility procedures, helping the Greek Asylum Service in the implementation of the EU- Turkey agreement signed pm refugees. As a journalist, he collaborate with Asharq Alawsat, BBC, CNBC and France 24. He is also Personal Assistant of H.R.H. Prince Sultan Bin Abdu Aziz during his visits to Spain. georgerayess@yahoo.es Marta Real Ibáñez (Spain) Coordinator of the Academic support Department, Universidad Nebrija Facultad de Ciencias Sociales Universidad Nebrija Campus de La Berzosa Hoyo de Manzanares Madrid Tel (ext. 4654) mreal@nebrija.es 100

101 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Eugénia Ratiu, (Romania/France) Assistant profesor, Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris Descartes Laboratoire de Psychologie des Menaces sociales et environnementales EA 4471 Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris Descartes 71, avenue Edouard Vaillant, Boulogne-Billancourt Cedex, France. Dr. Jordi Regi Rodríguez (Spain) Universidad Nebrija Jordi Regi is an expert in European Union research. He worked for 15 years in the European Division of the Community of Madrid Offices. He has taught classes in the Universidad Carlos III, Universidad de Barcelona and the Community of Madrid. He is member of the Department of Law, at Nebrija University. Campus de La Berzosa Hoyo de Manzanares, Madrid, España Tel Radosława Rodasik (M.A.) Editor-in-chief of the journal "Security Culture. Science- Practice-Review" at the Publishing House of the University of Public and Individual Studies APEIRON in Cracow. Graduated polish philology (master degree) at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Poland. Editor-inchief of the journal "Security Culture. Science-Practice- Review" at the Publishing House of the University of Public and Individual Studies "APEIRON" in Cracow. Her 101

102 XLII CICA main interests are language in pragmatic dimension, taboo in communication, forensic linguistic and sociology in humanistic dimension. Alicia Rodríguez (Spain) CEO Master de Musicoterapia (UAM) Cintia Rodríguez (Spain) Director; Master de Musicoterapia (UAM) Joanna Röser (Poland/Germany) University of Zielona Gora Joanna Röser, born in Poland and living in Germany, studied Culture Science and German Philology and psychology at University in Zielona Góra (Poland) and in Frankfurt (Germany ), being Antiracism Department Officer of the student organisation ASTA. She has worked as a manager at the Education Centre SupraLingua, as translator and mediator, and has been founder and coordinator of Children University, carring out a lot of cultural projects for children and students, including radio broadcast: Hitchhiking around Europe - Language and Culture. In 2015 Joanna worked as a social worker for Initial Reception Center in Eisenhüttenstadt and Frankfurt, responsible for organization, planning and integration, and currently works as a German teacher of Education for Democratic Citizenship at primary school in Eisenhüttenstadt, focusing on teaching refugees kids. She has experience in HR recruitment in many European countries and is interested in foreign languages and politics. joanna_roeser@yahoo.de 102

103 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Dr. Susana San Cristóbal Reales (Spain) Lecturer of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad Nebrija Dr. San Cristóbal has a PhD from Universidad Complutense de Madrid and is an expert in Procedural Law. She has authored numerous articles on different legal topics and has taught classes in various universities, including: UNED, UEM, UCM. Campus de La Berzosa Hoyo de Manzanares, Madrid, España Tel ssancris@nebrija.es Carlos Francisco Sanchez Cortines (Spain) UAM carlos@cortines.es Air Leutenant General Rafael Sánchez Ortega, Director of the CESEDEN Lt. Gen. Rafael Sánchez Ortega was first commissioned in 1979 after his graduation in the Air Force Academy. He is a graduate from Air Command and Staff College (1996), and has a Bachelor Degree in Law. He is an Air Force pilot with more than 5,500 flight hours in trainers as the T-6 Texan, F 33C - BONANZA, and cargo aircrafts as the CASA C-212 and C-130 Hercules. Lt. Gen. Sánchez Ortega has commanded various operational flying squadrons and he was Chief of the Cadets Corps at the Air Force Academy and also instructor pilot and academic professor at various Departments in the Academics Divisions of the Academy, as well as in High 103

104 XLII CICA Military Studies Colleges. His staff experience includes a three-year tour in the Spanish Military Representation to the NATO Military Committee (NATO HQ, Brussels). He has also been Head of Planning Branch, Planning Division, Air Staff, Air HQ, Madrid. As a Colonel he was the 31st Airlift Wing Commander (C-130), at Zaragoza AFB and he had an active participation in ISAF Operation, Afghanistan, as Commander of FSB Herat ( ). After becoming General Officer he was appointed as DCOS OPS and, later on, as COS of the ESP Joint Operational Command where he spent about 6 years. In 2015 he became Chief of ESP Joint Staff College, responsible for the management of all aspects of courses concerning to High Military Studies. At present, Lt. Gen. Sánchez Ortega is Director of the ESP National Defence Advanced Studies Centre (CESEDEN), institution that integrates the ESP Joint Staff College, the Spanish Institute for Strategic Studies, the ESP Concept Development Joint Centre and the Spanish Commission of Military History. CESEDEN Paseo de la Castellana Madrid Tel secretaria-ceseden@oc.mde.es Ambassador A.A. Soltanieh (Iran) Former Permanent Representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the United Nations and Other International Organization, Vienna Senior Advisor Trained as a nuclear physicist, Ambassador Soltanieh has been involved in scientific & diplomatic activities, as a nuclear physicist and senior diplomat, during the last thirty five years. He has been involved in the WMD non-proliferation & disarmament, including all together 12 years as 104

105 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Ambassador & representative to the IAEA since 1982, three years as Secretary of National Authority for Chemical Weapons Convention and three years as Chief Negotiator for Biological Weapons Convention. He has followed the issue of Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Middle East as well as nuclear safety, nuclear security and safeguards for the last three decades. He has participated, In the capacity of special envoy, delegate, chief negotiator, and invited speaker, in numerous international events (over 180) on nuclear science & technology as well as WMD disarmament and international security, such as NPT, CWC, BWC, CTBT, CCW, and has worked closely with the relevant international scientific and technical organizations such as IAEA, OPCW, and other specialized international organizations such as UNIDO, OPEC, OFID, ILO, IPU, OIC, WMO, TWAS and ICDO. He has had interactions with the known Think-Tanks & NGOs in the world. He has been participating as panellist on WMD at the Pugwash conferences in Hiroshima (2005), Istanbul (2013, on chemical weapons panel), Nagasaki (2015), EU Consortium on Non-proliferation & Disarmament (2011, 2013, and 2015). He has published several papers & books in afore-mentioned areas, and gotten National & International Admirations & Medals. IPIS Niavaran Street, Tehran, Iran Mobile : Fax: Dr. Carmen Valero-Garcés (Spain) Professor of Translation and Interpreting at the University of Alcalá, Madrid Carmen Valero- Garcés, PhD and MA, is a Professor of Translation and Interpreting at the University of Alcalá, 105

106 XLII CICA Madrid (Spain), and the Director of the Post Graduate Program on Public Service Interpreting and Translation, offered in nine language pairs since She is also the coordinator of The International Conference on Translation and Interpreting held at Alcalá since 1995 and the editor of the Proceedings. She is also responsible of the Research Group FITISPos, group dedicated to training and research in public service interpreting and translation, and a founder member of Red COMUNICA (Permanent Observatory of Communication between Languages in Cultures in Spain). She is the editor of more than a dozen of books, as well as the author of some books and articles dealing with interpreting and translating in public services, cross-cultural communication, interpreting and translating, SLA and Contrastive Linguistics. She is a freelance translator; member of organizations and institutions related to translation and interpretation (eg ASETRAD, CCDUTI); member of several national and international scientific committees (eg CRITICAL LINK, ANEP ACSUCY, AGAE), as well as part of the AENOR (Spanish Association for Standardization and Accreditation) committee dedicated to working on standardization in the field of Translation Services. cvalerovalero@gmail.com Air Force Major General Dr. Guillermo Velarde (Spain) President, Institute of Nuclear Fusion, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid General de División de las Fuerzas Aéreas Españolas Presidente del Instituto de Fusión Nuclear de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ESPAÑA. En 1956 ingresó en la División de Física Teórica de la Junta de Energía Nuclear, siendo posteriormente director de 106

107 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Tecnología que incluía las divisiones de electrónica, teorías y cálculo de reactores, fusión nuclear, ingeniería y reactores en operación. Según se enuncia en un mural el Museo Aeronáutico de Madrid, una de las principales aportaciones científicas del gen. Velarde ha sido el paso de las bombas termonucleares a la fusión nuclear por láser para producir energía eléctrica. Instituto de Fusión Nuclear Universidad Politécnica de Madrid José Gutiérrez Abascal 2 Madrid España Tel gvelarde@denim.upm.es Luka Vujović (Serbia) Founder and President, Public Relations Business School Dr. Predrag Vujović (Serbia) Founder and President, Public Relations Business School Professor Vujovic is a leading expert in communication in the ex-yugoslavia region. He holds degrees in Marketing, Journalism and Communication, and a Ph.D. in Public Relations. Specializing in Italy and the Netherlands, he ran large PR projects such as the Winter Olympic Games, as well as communication and PR projects for several governments and leading international and domestic companies and media. For the last three years he has been the EU key communication expert in Serbia. He lectures at the universities of Belgrade, Podgorica, Zagreb, Sarajevo and Milano. Founder and President of the Public Relations Business School, with more than 2,500 PR specialists, he won two highly recognized Golden World Awards for Excellence from the International Public Relations Association. predrag.vujovic@pra.rs 107

108 XLII CICA Air Force Major General Dr. Federico Yaniz Velasco (Spain) Former Assistant Director of the IMS for Cooperation and Regional Security (NATO Headquarters), Vice-presidenty ADALEDE Dr. Federico Yaniz joined the Air Force Academy and after several operational and logistical positions in 1986 he graduated as Staff Officer and was assigned to the Air Force Staff. In 1991, after receiving his diploma as Joint Staff officer, he WAS assigned to the Joint Staff of Armed Forces. In the summer of 1993, Colonel Yaniz joined the International Military Staff of NATO Headquarters. After being promoted to General in 1997 he was appointed Chief of the Second Division of the Joint Staff. In June 2001 joined the International Military Staff as Assistant Director for Cooperation and Regional Security. In 2006 he was appointed Director of the Museo de Aeronáutica y Astronáutica. General Yaniz has a Doctor degree in Economics and a Master in Statistics. He is also an experienced journalist. He is the author of two books, has collaborated in many others and has written more than 300 articles mainly related with Strategy, Aeronautics, Economics and History. General Yaniz belongs to several nonprofit associations: he is vice-president of EURODEFENSE- ESPAÑA and member of the Board of Directors of the Asociación Atlántica Española and ADALEDE (Asociación de Diplomados de Altos Estudios de la Defensa). velascoyf@hotmail.com 108

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111 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Index of participants Abad Quintanal Argumosa , 47, 62 Alija Garabito Belda Bartolomé , 63 Beyer , 51, 63 Buckley , 50, 63 Bettin , 22, 49, 63, 116 Boulos , 64 Butovskaya , 38, 64 Burkova , 38, 65 Calleja Leal Carpintero Santamaría Cayón Peña , 12, 17, 21, 66 Cesteros García Chak , 68 Cheung-Bunden , 38, 68 Cisneros Ávila , 53, 68 Cluett , 44, 69 Corrales Czop Delgado Moran , 71 Dziubiński Farnicka , 20, 39, 72, 117 Feertchak , 37, 72 Fernández Rodríguez , 73, 117 Ferrero Turrión

112 XLII CICA Fodor , 74 García Molina , 74 García Sedano , 52, 75 García Segura , 13, 75, 118 Gil Ibáñez , 48, 76 Gierszewski Haim , 25, 77 Hennicot-Schoepges , 33, 78 Hernández Meneses Jiménez Sánchez , 33, 79 Jiménez-Ugarte Hernández , 45, 79 Karelin , 38, 80 Kendall , 22, 32, 49, 80, 117 Khanyile , 44, 82 Khoury-Kassabr , 30, 82 Leon y Francia Ramos , 83 Lindhard , 30, 83 LoCicero , 31, 84 Lotfian , 27, 85 Manso García , 85 Menchaca , 86 Millana Cuevas Mincho Mohamed Dafa , 54, 87 Moreno Hurtado Morón Nagy , 34, 88 Neff , 33, 88 Nibagwire del Olmo , 91 Omanović , 42,

113 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Onyekwere, A , 91 Onyekwere, D.I , 20, 40, 92 Otero González Pagani , 12, 21, 43, 92, 116, 117 Pahlavan , 37, 93 Payá Santos , 94, 117, 118 Paz Otero Pankiv Piwowarska Piwowarski Poveda , 58, 96 Martín Ramírez , 11, 12, 17, 21, 46, 97, 115, 116, 117, 118 Ramírez Carro Ramzy , 28, 99 Rayess Yazbeck , 35, 100 Real Ibáñez , 14, 100 Ratiu , 37, 101 Regi Rodríguez Rodasik Rodríguez A , 102 Rodríguez C , 102 Röser San Cristóbal Reales Sanchez Cortines Sánchez Ortega Soltanieh , 17, 104 Valero-Garcés , 36, 105 Velarde , 17, 106 Vujović L Vujović P , 42, 107 Yaniz Velasco ,

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115 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Publications C.I.C.A. series of books Aggression: Functions and Causes (1985) J. Martin Ramirez & Paul F. Brain (eds.) Cross-disciplinary Studies on Aggression (1986) Paul F. Brain & J. Martin Ramirez (eds.) Essays on Violence (1987) J. Martin Ramirez, Robert A. Hinde & Jo Groebel (eds.) Research on Aggression (1987) J. Martin Ramirez (ed.) International Journal of Neuroscience, 1988 Vol 41 (3 & 4) J. Martin Ramirez & David Benton (eds.) Terrorism: Psychological Perspectives (1989) Jo Groebel & Jeffrey Goldstein (eds.) Terrorismo (1989) Francisco Gómez-Antón & Carlos Soria (eds.) Aggression in Children (1989) Lea Pulkkinen & J. Martin Ramirez (eds.) Comparative Psychobiology of Aggression (1990) Orlaldo Gutierrez (ed.) Violence. Some Alternatives (1994) J. Martin Ramirez (ed.) Neuropsiquiatría de la Conducta Agresiva (1995) J. Martin Ramirez & Hector Peñaloza (eds.) Cross-cultural Approaches to Aggression and Reconciliation (2001) J. Martin Ramirez & Deborah Richardson (eds.) Neuroscience and Biobehavioural Reviews (2006) J. Martin Ramirez (ed.) Aggression and Terrorism (2007) J. Martin Ramirez (ed.) 115

116 XLII CICA Aggression, Terrorism, and Human Rights. (2008) Tali Walters, J. Martin Ramírez & Malgorzata Kossouska (eds.) Krakaw: Javelonian University Aggression and Terrorism. (2009) J. Martin Ramirez (ed.) Journal of Organisational Transformation and Social Change. Vol 6 (2) Political Violence and Collective Aggression: Considering the Past, Imagining the Future. (2009) Rachel Monaghan, J. Martin Ramirez, Tali K. Walters (eds). Jordanstown: University of Ulster Attitudes towards Conflict and Aggression: A cross-cultural Approach (2009) J. Martin Ramirez & Simha F. Landau (eds.) Bodrum, Turkey An interdisciplinary analyses of terrorism. (2010) Daniel Antonius, Adam D. Brown, Tali K. Walters, J. Martin Ramirez, Samuel Justin Sinclair (eds.) Cambridge Scholars Publihshers Conflict and Aggression in a Society in Transition (2010) Borisz A. Szegál (ed.), Leányfalu: Willa Székely Aggression, Political Violence, and Terrorism (2010) Miguel Bettin, J. Martin Ramírez & T. Walters (eds.) Cartagena de Indias: IEPSIV The Brain and Aggression (2010) J. Martin Ramirez (ed.) International Social Science Journal, 200/201 Contemporary Issues on Aggression, Violence, Terrorism: Global to Local Perspectives (2011) Stephen N. Thom, Tali K. Walters, J. Martín Ramirez (eds.) University of California, Irvine Violence is not Biologically Determined. (2011) The Seville Statement on Violence twenty-five years later Camilla Pagani, J. Martin Ramirez (eds.), Rome: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Defining `Terrorism': Moving towards a more integrated and interdisciplinary understanding of political violence (2011) Rachel Monaghan, Daniel Antonius, Samuel Justin Sinclair (eds.) Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression Volume 3, Issue 2 116

117 Conflict and Transcultural Dialogue Cultural Issues in Research of Aggression. An Introduction to A Hot- Topic. (2011) Martin Ramirez (ed.). The Open Psychology Journal CONFLIGO Conflict in a Society in Transition (2011) Borisz A. Szegál, István András (eds.) Dunaújvaros, Hungary Aggression and Crime. A Hot-Topic, (2011) J. Martin Ramirez (ed.). The Open Criminology Journal Terrorism and Aggression: Towards Uncreased Freedom and Security (2012) Tali K. Walters, J. Martin Ramirez, Tatyaba Dronzina & Lindsey Harris (eds.) Burgas: Burgas Munincipality Towards Understanding Conflicts, Aggression, Violence and Peace (2013) J. Martin Ramirez, Camilla Pagani (eds.) Héviz Radicalization, Terrorism, and Conflict (2013) Tali Walters, Rachel Monagan, J. Martin Ramirez (eds.) Cambridge Scholars Publishing Conflict, Violence, Terrorism, and their Prevention (2014) J. Martin Ramirez, Chas Morrison, Arthur J. Kendall (eds.) Cambridge Scholars Publishing Conflict and Aggression: Developmental and Social Conditions (2014) Camilla Pagani, Marzanna Farnicka, Hanna Liberska, J. Martin Ramirez (eds.) Difin Towards a better understanding of Aggression and other related Concepts (2015) J. Martin Ramirez, Camilla Pagani (eds.) The Open Psychology Journal A Central European Face of Criminology and Rehabilitation (2015) Martin Ramirez, Marzanna Farnicka (eds.) The Open Criminology Journal Análisis de Riesgos y Amenazas a Infraestructuras Críticas (2015) J.C. Fernández-Rodríguez, Claudio Payá, Martin Ramirez (eds.) Centreur, Madrid Security in Infrastructures (2016) Martin Ramirez, J.C. Fernández-Rodríguez (eds.) Cambridge Scholars Publishing 117

118 XLII CICA Cyberspace: Risks and Benefits for Society, Security< and Development. (2017). J. Martin Ramírez & Luis A. García-Segura (eds.) Springer Cátedra Nebrija Santander en Gestión de Riesgos y Conflictos Manual de Derecho Operativo (2015) Eugenio Pérez de Francisco (coord.) Editorial Marcial Pons (Madrid) Análisis de la Seguridad Internacional desde una perspectiva académica (2017) Claudio Payá (coord.) Thompson Reuters Aranzadi El Terrorismo como Desafio a la Seguridad Global (2017) Claudio Payá & Fernando Tomé (coord.) Thompson Reuters Aranzadi 118

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122 Patrocinadores Colaboradores Esta actividad ha recibido una subvención de la Secretaría General de Política de Defensa del Ministerio de Defensa.