Spreading Protest. Social Movements in Times of Crisis. Edited by Donatella della Porta and Alice Mattoni

Transcription

1 Spreading Protest Social Movements in Times of Crisis Edited by Donatella della Porta and Alice Mattoni

2 D. della Porta and A. Mattoni 2014 Cover image First published by the ECPR Press in 2014 The ECPR Press is the publishing imprint of the European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR), a scholarly association, which supports and encourages the training, research and cross-national cooperation of political scientists in institutions throughout Europe and beyond. ECPR Press University of Essex Wivenhoe Park Colchester CO4 3SQ UK All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Typeset by ECPR Press Printed and bound by Lightning Source British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Hardback ISBN: PDF ISBN:

3 Series Editors: Dario Castiglione (University of Exeter) Peter Kennealy (European University Institute) Alexandra Segerberg (Stockholm University) Peter Triantafillou (Roskilde University) ECPR Studies in European Political Science is a series of high-quality edited volumes on topics at the cutting edge of current political science and political thought. All volumes are research-based offering new perspectives in the study of politics with contributions from leading scholars working in the relevant fields. Most of the volumes originate from ECPR events including the Joint Sessions of Workshops, the Research Sessions, and the General Conferences. Books in this series: A Political Sociology of Transnational Europe ISBN: Edited by Niilo Kauppi Between Election Democracy ISBN: Edited by Hanne Marthe Narud and Peter Esaiasson Deliberative Mini-Publics: Involving Citizens in the Democratic Process ISBN: Edited by Kimmo Grönlund, André Bächtiger and Maija Setälä Europeanisation and Party Politics ISBN: Edited by Erol Külahci Great Expectations, Slow Transformations: Incremental Change in Post- Crisis Regulation ISBN: Edited by Manuela Moschella and Eleni Tsingou Growing into Politics ISBN: Edited by Simone Abendschön Interactive Policy Making, Metagovernance and Democracy ISBN: Edited by Jacob Torfing and Peter Triantafillou Matching Voters with Parties and Candidates: Voting Advice Applications in a Comparative Perspective ISBN: Edited by Diego Garzia and Stefan Marschall New Nation States ISBN: Edited by Julien Danero Iglesias, Nenad Stojanović and Sharon Weinblum

4 Perceptions of Europe ISBN: Edited by Daniel Gaxie, Jay Rowell and Nicolas Hubé Personal Representation: The Neglected Dimension of Electoral Systems ISBN: Edited by Josep Colomer Political Participation in France and Germany ISBN: Oscar Gabriel, Silke Keil, and Eric Kerrouche Political Trust: Why Context Matters ISBN: Edited by Sonja Zmerli and Marc Hooghe Practices of Interparliamentary Coordination in International Politics: The European Union and Beyond ISBN: Edited by Ben Crum and John Erik Fossum The Political Ecology of the Metropolis ISBN: Edited by Jefferey M Sellers, Daniel Kübler, R. Alan Walks and Melanie Walter-Rogg Please visit for up-to-date information about new publications.

5 Contents List of Figures and Tables List of Abbreviations Contributors Preface and Acknowledgements vii ix xi xvii Part I What Spread? Chapter One: Patterns of Diffusion and the Transnational Dimension of Protest in the Movements of the Crisis: An Introduction 1 Donatella della Porta and Alice Mattoni Chapter Two: Transnational Diffusion Across Time: The Adoption of the Argentinian Dirty War Escrache in the Context of Spain s Housing Crisis 19 Cristina Flesher Fominaya and Antonio Montañés Jimenéz Chapter Three: Learning Democracy: Cross-Time Adaptation in Organisational Repertoires 43 Donatella della Porta Chapter Four: Dramatic Diffusion and Meaning Adaptation: The Case of Neda 71 Thomas Olesen Chapter Five: From Event to Process: The EU and the Arab Spring 91 Ari-Elmeri Hyvönen Part II How Did It Spread? Chapter Six: They Don t Represent Us! The Global Resonance of the Real Democracy Movement from the Indignados to Occupy 117 Jérôme E. Roos and Leonidas Oikonomakis

6 vi Spreading Protest: Social Movements in Times of Crisis Chapter Seven: The Transnational Dimension of the Greek Protest Campaign Against Troika Memoranda and Austerity Policies, Maria Kousis Chapter Eight: Occupy London in International and Local Context 171 Nikos Sotirakopoulos and Christopher Rootes Part III Why Did it Spread? Chapter Nine: Breaks and Continuities in and Between Cycles of Protest: Memories and Legacies of the Global Justice Movement in the Context of Anti-Austerity Mobilisations 193 Lorenzo Zamponi and Priska Daphi Chapter Ten: Towards a Non-Global Justice Movement? Two Paths to Re-Scaling the Left Contention in the Czech Republic 227 Jiří Navrátil and Ondřej Císař Chapter Eleven: Flap of the Butterfly: Turkey s June Uprisings 253 Kivanc Atak Chapter Twelve: Adapting Theories on Diffusion and Transnational Contention Through Social Movements of the Crisis: Some Concluding Remarks 277 Alice Mattoni and Donatella della Porta Index 293

7 List of Figures and Tables Figures Figure 4.1: Dramatic cross-border diffusion and global injustice-symbol formation 75 Figure 7.1: Total number of major protest actions and related bailout and austerity packages, Jan Dec Figure 7.2: Highest number of participants in main protest actions, Jan Dec Figure 7.3: Target groups mentioned in LPEs, Jan Dec Figure 7.4: Vote of the People s Assembly of Syntagma Square, 27 May 153 Figure 7.5: Major participating groups in LPEs, Jan Dec Figure 7.6: Major action forms of the 32 LPEs, Jan Jan Figure 7.7: Total number of violent actions, number of injured protesters and number of arrests, Jan Dec Figure 7.8: Number of non-greek cities participating in the 32 LPEs, Jan Jan Figure 10.1: Dynamics of issue and frame scales 233 Figure 10.2: Dynamics of issue and frame scales of Czech left movements ( ) 237 Figure 10.3: Frequency of protest events by Czech radical and moderate left actors 239 Figure 10.4: Average protest event participation 239 Figure 10.5: Evolution of key protest issues of the radical left 241 Figure 10.6: Evolution of key protest issues of the moderate left 241 Figure 10.7: Evolution of the issue scale of protest events organised by the radical left 244 Figure 10.8: Evolution of framing scale of protest events organised by the radical left 244 Figure 10.9: Evolution of the issue scale of protest events organised by the moderate left 246 Figure 10.10: Evolution of the framing of protest events organised by the moderate left ( , N=394) 246

8 viii Spreading Protest: Social Movements in Times of Crisis Figure 10.11: Dynamics of issue and frame scales of Czech left movements during financial crisis 249 Figure 11.1: Temporal distribution of web searches from Turkey, using Google Trends 271 See for full colour figures. Tables Table 3.1: Dimensions of democracy: from forums to camps 49 Table 7.1: Transnational events linked to the Greek anti-austerity campaign, Jan Jan Table 7.2: Names of non-greek cities mentioned as participating in the transnational events 161 Table 12.1: Transnational channels of diffusion 281 Table 12.2: Paths of diffusion in the two waves of global protests 286

9 List of Abbreviations 15M BBC CMCTU CNA CNN CNT CONADEE DG DRY ECB ECOFIN ENP ETUC EU EUROGROUP EZLN FIOM G20 G8 GDP GJM H.I.J.O.S. ICT ICFTU ILP IMF IR IT LGBT LPE LPM 15 May 2011 Protest Movement in Spain British Broadcasting Service Czech-Moravian Confederation of Trade Unions Czech News Agency Time Warner Transnational Media Agency Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (National Confederation of Labour) National Coordination of Ecuadorians in Spain Directorate Generale Democracia Real YA! (Real Democracy Now) European Central Bank Economic and Financial Affairs Council of the EU European Neighborhood Policy European Trade Union Confederation European Union Forum Of Finance Ministers of Eurozone Countries Zapatista Army of National Liberation Italian Metal-Workers Federation Group of 20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors of Major Economies Group of 8 Leaders of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, The UK and the USA Gross Domestic Product Global Justice Movement Hijos e Hijas por la Identidad y la Justicia contra el Olvido y el Silencio (Sons and Daughters for Identity and Justice against Forgetting and Silence) Information and Communications Technology International Confederation of Free Trade Unions Iniciativa Legislativa Popular (Popular Legislative Initiative) International Monetary Fund International Relations Information Technology Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Large Protest Event Free-Pass Movement

10 x Spreading Protest: Social Movements in Times of Crisis M12M M15M M15O MENA MP NAFTA NATO NGO NYGA OECD OWS PAH PEA PCI PGA PP PSI PSOE RDM SMO SWP SYRIZA TUC UfM UK US WB WSF WTO ΓΣΕΕ ΑΔΕΔΥ Μovimento 12 De Março De 2011 in Portugal Movimento 15 Mayo 2011 in Spain October 15 May 2011 in Portugal Middle East and North Africa Members of Parliament North American Free Trade Agreement North Atlantic Treaty Organization Non-Governmental Organization New York General Assembly Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Occupy Wall Street Platform For Those Affected By Mortgages/Platform Of Mortgage Victims Protest Event Analysis Italian Communist Party People s Global Action Partido Popular (Popular Party) Private Sector Involvement Partido Socialista Obrero Español (Spanish Socialist Workers Party) Real Democracy Movement Social Movement Organisation Socialist Workers Party Coalition of the Radical Left Trades Union Congress Union for the Mediterranean United Kingdom United States World Bank World Social Forum World Trade Organization Confederation Of Private Sector Employees Confederations Of Public Sector Employees