CURRENT AWARENESS SERVICE

Transcription

1 CURRENT AWARENESS SERVICE AUGUST 2015 ISSUE NO.3 Integriti Newsletter 3_2015.indd 1 INSTITUT INTEGRITI MALAYSIA THE MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF INTEGRITY 19/1/2016 2:59:27 PM

2 CONTENTS / KANDUNGAN WHAT S IN THE NEWS / BERITA TERKINI 03 Najib Announces Formation of National Consultative Committee on Political Funding BREAKFAST TALK / SYARAHAN 04 Importance of Corporate Integrity to Economic Growth SPECIAL EVENT / PROGRAM KHAS 05 Forum Pemerkasaan Integriti 2015 Zon Sarawak RESEARCH DISCUSSION / DISKUSI PENYELIDIKAN 06 IIM Pelawa IPT Jadi Rakan Penyelidik INTEGRITY ART NIGHT / MALAM SENI INTEGRITI 08 Gobok Wayang: On the Streets of London ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION / PERBINCANGAN MEJA BULAT 09 Strategi bagi Mempertingkatkan Semangat Patriotik dalam Kalangan Belia FEATURES / RENCANA 10 Understanding Roots of Corruption 11 The Culture of Integrity 12 Integriti Penentu Ekonomi Makmur BOOK REVIEW / ULASAN BUKU 14 Integriti dalam Keluarga: Panduan ke Arah Keluarga Bahagia EDITORIAL TEAM / SIDANG PENGARANG Advisor Dr. Anis Yusal Yusoff Editor Zubayry Abady Sofian Staff Writers Norsheeda Din Nor Azni Ahmad Husairi Aimi Farhana Mohd Amin Photographer Rosalizawati Arshad Contributors Fison Hamdi Ahmad Norasikin Baharudin Mohd Ismail Abd Jalil Nelly Mansin Published by INSTITUT INTEGRITI MALAYSIA Menara Integriti, Persiaran Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin, Off Jalan Tuanku Abdul Halim, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tel: Website: 2 Integriti Newsletter 3_2015.indd 2 19/1/2016 2:59:32 PM

3 WHAT S IN THE NEWS / BERITA TERKINI NAJIB ANNOUNCES FORMATION OF NATIONAL CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL FUNDING Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak today announced the formation of the National Consultative Committee on Political Funding (JKNMPP) to draw up a political funding action plan of integrity that is comprehensive and inclusive. The prime minister said the JKNMPP would come up with an action plan for political funding with integrity through necessary reforms and improvement of the law within one year and subsequently implement it before the 14 th General Election (GE14). For the moment, he said, there was no regulation on political funding that could determine whether it was right or wrong, although there were several regulations on election expenses. It is hoped that this plan will boost confidence not only among political party members, but also to the people at large and the future generation, he said at a media conference here today. Najib said the JKNMPP would be chaired by the Minister in the Prime Minister s Department Datuk Paul Low while Datuk Seri Idris Jala would be the deputy chairman. The Malaysian Institute of Integrity (IIM) would act as the JKNMPP Centre for Reference and Consultation, assisted by a secretariat and the allocation provided by the Integrity and Governance Division (BITU), of the Prime Minister s Department. He said the JKNMPP was to determine the consultative process at all levels and would take into consideration the views of everyone. The JKNMPP would comprise members from the political parties, community leaders, academicians, thinkers, representatives of related government agencies, representatives of the private sector, representatives of civil society organisations and interested groups, including the younger generations, he said. The JKNMPP would consider all aspects of political funding regulations including changes of institutions, monitoring and enforcement of the laws and new regulations, he said. Najib also said that the JKNMPP would act as the adviser to the government in matters concerning political funding of integrity. Najib said the planned political funding with integrity would tackle issues on political funding where he had personally raised the matter since 2009 but this did not get any response. He said there was an urgent need to regulate political funding to ensure responsibility and transparency in order to encourage healthy political practices. The initiative was also part of the agenda of the Government Transformation Plan (GTP) and National Key Result Areas (NKRA) to create governance and a check and balance mechanism, he said. Najib said the committee would also provide the forum for its members to present their ideas to ensure a political funding mechanism and model that had integrity. The committee will also supervise efforts for consultative dialogues with every strata of society throughout the country. The consultative process will be based on regional and international best practices, he said. Meanwhile, Low said the committee was prepared to begin its task immediately. We already laid the ground work about two to three weeks ago, he said. Source: BERNAMA, August Integriti Newsletter 3_2015.indd 3 19/1/2016 2:59:32 PM

4 BREAKFAST TALK / SYARAHAN IMPORTANCE OF CORPORATE INTEGRITY TO ECONOMIC GROWTH By Azni Husairi & Fison Hamdi Ahmad IIM had the honour of hosting three renowned personalities from the corporate sector, as speakers / panel members at the Institute s third series of its monthly Breakfast Talk. The Breakfast Talk was entitled Corporate Integrity: The Impact Towards Malaysian Economic Development, and the speakers were Chairman of Telekom Malaysia Berhad, Tan Sri Dato Seri Dr. Sulaiman Mahbob as the main speaker, Chairman of Pantai Holding Berhad, Datuk Khairil Anuar Abdullah and the Executive Chairman of Audit Oversight Board, Malaysia Security Commission, Nik Hasyudeen Yusoff as other discussants. Tan Sri Dato Seri Dr. Sulaiman shared his definition of corporate integrity. He said corporate integrity relates to how a corporate body undertakes its activities and displays its image in a manner that is expected by law as well as generally acceptable social values and norms. The market must reflect an environment with integrity. This to ensure that the investor keep their investment in the country Nik Hasyudeen said. Datuk Khairil and Nik both agreed that it is not the number of law which really matter, but how society perceives the level of corporate integrity. In summary, corporate integrity is very important in ensuring healthy economic growth in the country. The absence of this value may adversely affect the economy of one country. The event was graced by YB Datuk Paul Low Seng Kuan, Minister in the Prime Minister s Department. Moreover, he highlighted three elements of corporate integrity which need to be upheld by the business community. These elements include protection and enhancement of shareholder interests and value; be a responsible and good corporate citizen and adoption of good and ethical business practices. Tan Sri Dato Seri Dr. Sulaiman also asserted that accountability, transparency and zero tolerance for corruption are part of critical elements of corporate integrity. Datuk Khairil acknowledged sincerity as a core value that should be embedded and practiced by the corporate sector. According to him, this value is necessary to help promote high level of responsibility among corporate citizens. To elaborate on Datuk Khairil s idea, Nik Hasyudeen emphasized on the importance of practicing integrity in the corporate sector. He believes that the level of corporate integrity affects investors behaviour towards the country. (L-R) Nik Hasyudeen Yusoff, Tan Sri Dato Seri Dr. Sulaiman Mahbob, Dr. Anis Yusal Yusoff, YB Datuk Paul Low Seng Kuan, Datuk Dr. Mohd Tap Salleh and Datuk Khairil Anuar Abdullah 4 Integriti Newsletter 3_2015.indd 4 19/1/2016 2:59:33 PM

5 SPECIAL EVENT / PROGRAM KHAS (Dari kiri) Dr. Anis Yusal Yusoff, YB Puan Hajjah Nancy Haji Shukri, Datuk Wira Hj. Wan Mohd Nor Hj. Ibrahim FORUM PEMERKASAAN INTEGRITI 2015 ZON SARAWAK Oleh Norasikin Baharudin Institut Integriti Malaysia (IIM) dengan kerjasama Jabatan Bomba & Penyelamat serta Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah (SPRM) telah pun mengadakan Forum Pemerkasaan Integriti Siri 4 bagi tahun 2015 pada 6 Ogos 2015 yang lalu, bertempat di Institut Perguruan Batu Lintang, Kuching Sarawak. Seramai 400 orang peserta dari Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat, agensi penguatkuasaan, agensi-agensi kerajaan dan swasta telah hadir ke program ini. Objektif forum ini adalah untuk memupuk dan meningkatkan pengamalan integriti dalam kalangan penjawat awam terutamanya anggota bomba. Ini merupakan usaha untuk mengubah minda penjawat awam supaya bersikap dengan ikhlas, jujur dan tidak mudah terpengaruh oleh gejala-gejala negatif seperti ketidakcekapan, penyelewengan, salahguna kuasa dan rasuah dalam menjalankan tugas. Dalam majlis ini juga, para peserta diminta untuk sama-sama melafazkan ikrar integriti sebagai janji untuk terus menjadikan integriti sebagai asas dan teras utama dalam melaksanakan perkhidmatan di Jabatan & agensi masingmasing. Forum ini dimulakan dengan ucap utama oleh Dr. Anis Yusal Yusoff, Presiden IIM dengan tajuk Kepentingan Integriti dalam Konteks Pembangunan dan Keselamatan Negara. Ahli panel jemputan pada Forum Pemerkasaan Integriti Zon Sarawak ini ialah YBhg Dato Shamsun Baharin Mohd Jamil daripada Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah (SPRM), YBhg. Datu Haji Kipli Haji Yasin, Mufti Kerajaan Negeri Sarawak dan juga Encik Abang Ekhsan Abang Othman Dekan Fakulti Sains Kognitif dan Pembangunan Manusia, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS). Forum yang penuh bermakna ini telah dirasmikan oleh Yang Berhormat Puan Hajjah Nancy Haji Shukri, Menteri di Jabatan Perdana Menteri. Bercakap dalam ucapannya YB Hajjah Nancy berkata, integriti bukan sahaja harus ada dalam diri setiap orang, apa yang paling penting adalah setiap orang mesti mengamalkannya dan seterusnya mendidik orang lain untuk turut sama berintegriti. Katanya lagi Integrity is choosing your thoughts and action based on values rather than personal gain. 5 Integriti Newsletter 3_2015.indd 5 19/1/2016 2:59:34 PM

6 RESEARCH DISCUSSION / DISKUSI PENYELIDIKAN IIM PELAWA IPT JADI RAKAN PENYELIDIK Oleh Azni Husairi Sejak akhir-akhir ini pelbagai isu berkaitan integriti menjadi bahan bualan dan perbahasan banyak pihak. Antara yang hangat diperkatakan bukan sahaja tentang pencapaian kualiti hidup, tetapi juga mutu penyampaian dalam perkhidmatan awam. Menyedari akan peri pentingnya kualiti hidup dan penyampaian perkhidmatan diberi penekanan, lebih-lebih lagi daripada perspektif ekonomi negara, satu diskusi penyelidikan telah diadakan oleh Institut Integriti Malaysia (IIM) bagi membincangkan isu berkenaan. Sesi ringkas ini dipengerusikan oleh Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif dan Presiden IIM, Dr. Anis Yusal Yusoff serta dihadiri oleh Timbalan Pegawai Eksekutif dan Timbalan Presiden IIM, Dr. Ahmad Fadzli Ahmad Tajuddin, pengarah-pengarah kanan IIM dan beberapa orang wakil termasuk ahli akademik daripada enam institut pengajian tinggi iaitu Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHOM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Universiti Multimedia (MMU), Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP) dan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Fokus utama perbincangan adalah tentang polisi awam dan undang-undang negara yang sedia ada. Ini selari dengan objektif kajian yang hendak dilaksanakan iaitu menilai impak dasar awam dan undang-undang sedia ada terhadap kualiti hidup dan penyampaian perkhidmatan awam di negara ini di samping kekangan yang wujud daripada pelaksanaannya. Menurut Dr. Anis Yusal Yusoff, diskusi sedemikian sudah menjadi acara bulanan IIM, tetapi ia lebih menjurus kepada topik-topik yang khusus. Sebaliknya, sesi kali ini yang menghimpunkan seramai sembilan orang pakar dengan pelbagai bidang dan latar belakang adalah untuk mencapai persetujuan kolaborasi sekali gus menjadi rakan penyelidik IIM di samping membincangkan tentang isu polisi awam dan undang-undang negara. 6 Integriti Newsletter 3_2015.indd 6 19/1/2016 2:59:37 PM

7 RESEARCH DISCUSSION / DISKUSI PENYELIDIKAN Manfaat rakan penyelidik Saya berpendapat, dengan adanya latar belakang yang pelbagai, kita juga boleh melihat daripada pelbagai perspektif. Malah, pandangan yang datang daripada latar belakang yang berbeza ini juga akan dapat memperkuatkan lagi apa yang kita samasama hendak laksanakan, ujar Dr. Anis lanjut. Tambah beliau, IIM menjemput pakar-pakar daripada pelbagai latar belakang dan universiti dengan harapan golongan ini akan menjadi rakan penyelidik institut ini, sekali gus meningkatkan kapasiti penyelidikan sedia ada. Selain itu, beliau turut menyuarakan hasratnya untuk mengetengahkan dapatan kajian yang diperoleh kepada kerajaan agar dapat dimanfaatkan oleh semua pihak khususnya masyarakat. Kapasiti penyelidikan di IIM agak terbatas. Tetapi pada masa yang sama, semua kakitangan perlu tahu tentang penyelidikan. Jadi, dengan adanya rakan penyelidik, mereka boleh membantu dan menasihati IIM, ulas Dr. Anis lanjut yang nyata riang dan terharu sebaik mendengar persetujuan semua wakil universiti untuk bekerjasama dengan IIM. Katanya lagi, IIM memberikan tumpuan terhadap isu integriti yang membabitkan agensi penguatkuasaan, sektor ekonomi, sektor awam, masyarakat sivil dan komuniti, agama dan kepercayaan, politik dan pemimpin, sukan dan rekreasi, warisan dan budaya, keluarga serta kanak-kanak, pelajar dan belia. Justeru, melalui kerjasama yang baik dengan para penyelidik ini, mereka dapat bertindak sebagai penasihat penyelidikan untuk setiap portfolio berkenaan. 7 Integriti Newsletter 3_2015.indd 7 19/1/2016 2:59:43 PM

8 INTEGRITY ART NIGHT / MALAM SENI INTEGRITI GOBOK WAYANG: ON THE STREETS OF LONDON By Mohd Ismail Abd Jalil At IIM, the integrity agenda is a 24/7 operation, and coincidently today, on 24 July (24/7), our second Integrity Art night program was held. It featured the screening of a 20-minute short film, followed by an interactive post-screening discussion. The event attracted an audience of more than 60 people mainly from the film industry, including Datin Paduka Shuhaimi Baba, Malaysia s renowned film director/producer. The film entitled, On the Streets of London was produced and directed by Azrain Ariffin. It has won various awards including the category for Best Story at the World Film Awards 2014, and categories for Best Short Film, Best Director and Best Screenplay at the International Movie Awards After film screening, the evening continued with a post-screening discussion moderated by Fison Hamdi of IIM and 3 panel members comprising of the film director himself, Azrain Ariffin, Syed Mahfuz Al-Junid, who played the character of Din, and Syed Zulkifli Syed Mahsir, Vice President of the Film Directors Association of Malaysia (FDAM). When asked to describe the film, Azrain commented that his inspiration for the film came from his observation of Malays living in London. Whilst there are those who cherish their Malay customs and traditions, there are some who completely forget and ignore their Malay heritage and customs. Syed Mahfuz Al-Junid also shared+ Azrain s opinion, that the film delivers a strong message to Malays, especially students overseas. They should not be ashamed of their identity because no race is superior from another, as emphasized by Prophet Muhammad in his last sermon: The evening s special guest of honour, Tan Sri Johan Jaaffar, Non-Executive Chairman of Media Prima Berhad, displayed his true Tan Sri Johan Jaaffar commitment to the Integrity agenda by attending the event despite having to walk on crutches as a result of a recent foot injury. He congratulated IIM for the effort in organizing the event which according to him is an initiative capable of touching people s hearts. He also recommended a number of films that promote integrity in the storyline such as An Enemy of the People, High Noon, All the President s Men and To Kill a Mockingbird. For Tamil and Hindi movies, there are Mudhalvan and Dil Se; and finally, a Malay drama, Menyerahnya Seorang Perempuan, which is based on a story written by the distinguished novelist and National Laureate, Dato (Dr) Usman Awang. All in all, the important message to be learnt from this event is that films can be a powerful medium to spread and communicate the message of integrity. (L-R) Syed Zulkifli Syed Mahsir, Syed Mahfuz Al-Junid, Azrain Ariffin and Fison Hamdi Ahmad 8 Integriti Newsletter 3_2015.indd 8 19/1/2016 2:59:46 PM

9 ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION / PERBINCANGAN MEJA BULAT STRATEGI BAGI MEMPERTINGKATKAN SEMANGAT PATRIOTIK DALAM KALANGAN BELIA Oleh Norasikin Baharudin Norzulaiqha Zulkifli Y dan Z ( lahir ) hari ini kurang patriotik? Kajian yang dilaksanakan oleh UiTM Centre of Excellence dan Biro Tatanegara pada tahun 2014 menunjukkan bahawa Indeks Patriotisme negara berada pada paras 3.8 daripada skor terbaik 5 berbanding Filipina yang berada pada kedudukan ranking ke 9 dunia. Kajian yang dibuat oleh Chicago University National Opinion Research Centre, USA pula meletakkan USA dan Venezuela di tempat pertama dan Australia di tempat ketiga sebagai negara yang paling patriotik. (Dari kiri) Dr. Anis Yusal Yusoff dan Puan Kartini Kamalul Arifin Ogos adalah bulan yang diiktiraf sebagai bulan kemerdekaan yang disambut oleh rakyat negara ini bagi mengenang dan memperingati jasa pemimpin terdahulu dalam membawa kemerdekaan negara yang diisytiharkan pada 31 Ogos Pada tahun ini sambutan bulan kemerdekaan yang bertemakan Sehati Sejiwa akan bermula di Kuching, Sarawak pada 8 Ogos ini dan ia dijangka akan dilancarkan oleh Perdana Menteri Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak. Pada bulan ini juga rakyat Malaysia kebiasaannya akan turut mengibarkan bendera Malaysia di rumah, kereta, bangunan-bangunan dan sebagainya sebagai melahirkan semangat patriotik. Patriotik bermaksud cintakan tanah air manakala Nasionalisme pula diertikan dengan kesadaran dan semangat cinta tanah air serta sanggup mempertahankan kedaulatannya. Persoalannya benarkah generasi muda atau lebih dikenali sebagai generasi Institut Integriti Malaysia(IIM) pada 13 Ogos 2015 yang lalu telah mengambil inisiatif mengadakan satu Perbincangan Meja bulat bagi membincangkan tentang Strategi Bagi Meningkatkan Semangat Patriotik Dalam Kalangan Belia hari ini. Perbincangan ini bertujuan untuk mendengar sendiri pendapat generasi muda mengenai isu ini serta melihat beberapa strategi yang berkesan untuk menyuntik semula semangat patriotik ini dalam kalangan generasi muda. Pembentangan mengenai isu ini telah dibuat oleh ahli-ahli panel yang terdiri daripada Y.Bhg Datuk Sayuti Mukhtar, Ketua Panel Pemikir, Jabatan Hal Ehwal Khas (JASA), Puan Kartini Kamalul Arifin, seorang selebriti yang juga Pengarah Radio IM4U dan Cik Norzulaiqha Zulkifli, Ahli Parlimen Belia. Hasil perbincangan mendapati strategi terbaik dalam usaha meningkatkan semangat patriotik dalam kalangan belia ini adalah melali penyaluran maklumat melalui media sosial seperti Facebook dan Instagram. Ini kerana golongan muda lebih tertarik kepada gambar dan imej. Ini selaras dengan hasrat kerajaan yang ingin menjadikan 75% masyarakat Malaysia sebagai internet savvy seperti terkandung di dalam RMK10. Mengikut Kajian yang bertajuk Demokrasi Dan Hegemoni Satu Analisis Kedinamikan Politik Malaysia oleh Leo Augustino dan Prof Dato Mohammad Agus Yusoff pula, generasi baru tertarik kepada sesuatu yang baru dalam politik. Mereka sebenarnya sayangkan negara tetapi tidak mengetahui cara untuk berjuang dan berbakti kepada negara. Mereka bencikan hipokrasi dan sukakan kebenaran. Justeru, untuk menyemaikan rasa cintakan tanah air dalam kalangan mereka, para pemimpin perlulah terlebih dahulu memacu landskap politik tanah air ke arah kebenaran. 9 Integriti Newsletter 3_2015.indd 9 19/1/2016 2:59:50 PM

10 FEATURES / RENCANA UNDERSTANDING ROOTS OF CORRUPTION By Dr. Anis Yusal Yusoff, President, The Malaysian Institute of Integrity As Published in the New Straits Times, 2 June 2015 ABOUT a year ago, I was invited as a speaker at a public forum titled Givers and Takers: The Integrity and Corruption Continuum. I was the 10 th speaker that morning. After listening to all the speakers before me, I felt like how Percy Gibson (fifth husband of Joan Collins) would have felt on the first night of his marriage to her. What else could I say that has not been said already? Despite all these efforts, and the many initiatives to promote integrity and fight corruption, people are still not happy. If there is an international commission to review our performance in fighting corruption and promoting integrity, Malaysia might score a B. Although the rakyat may disagree. We are always too hard on ourselves. The rakyat would probably give a C- or even a D, and the comment that comes after would be: We need stronger political will! What about people s will? My presentation that day was to look at the socio-cultural milieu and whether we had people s will. To explain this, I had to go back to history. As we know, the idea of integrity has a long and colourful history. The medieval French philosopher, Pierre Abelard, used the term integratias (to become whole) to describe a human being who had drawn the excesses of his spiritual and physical needs into a balanced whole each acting in concert with the other. From his point of view, in its prehistoric form, the human being, in a state of nature, reacts first and foremost according to the demands of his primary appetites. This is what Muslims refer to as Nafs, which means self, psyche, ego or soul. In its unrefined state, the ego is the lowest dimension of man s inward existence, his animal and satanic nature which, according to the ancient Greeks, is located in the lower self. This so-called natural state is akin to the instinctive behaviour of animals which lack characteristic rationality or moral sense. Its existence is predicated on fulfilling the demands of our instinctive appetites. Thus, according to Abelard, the character of human excess his greed, desires, self-interest, capacity for ruthlessness, propensity towards improper or illegal behaviour can be usefully tempered only when his animal spirit is conjoined with a trained mind, conspicuous to needs greater than that which even resemble self-interest. Aristotle wrote a book titled Nicomachean Ethics. At the beginning of the book, he argued that human life could be judged good when it was shaped by a relatively consistent pursuit of ends that were themselves good. His entire conception of morality was based on the conviction that a good life was one devoted to the pursuit of good purposes or ends. One of his most significant conclusions was that a good life was oriented to goods shared with others. Buckminster Fuller said it in almost every one of his thinking out loud lectures. In fact, it was the last thing he said publicly: Only integrity is going to count, and individual personal integrity is the key to humankind s success or failure. He also said: If humanity does not opt for integrity, we are through completely. With this background in mind, often when we talk of integrity or corruption, we mean it in a specific sense. It usually revolves around an understanding of institutional rules and regulations, and the ways in which they are compromised. Thus, while the intent of talking about such things corresponds closely with a discussion about ethics, it is frequently reduced to a discussion of the law and legal institutions. What is missing in our discussions about integrity and corruption is the ability to locate it as a part of a much wider discourse about our sense of morality and its place as part of our public culture. To my mind, we should not limit discussions about corruption and integrity in the way it is presently framed in the country. To present it as a problem that can be resolved through better or more effective laws is to miss the point entirely. Only when we understand the problem of corruption and integrity, and see it as part of a much deeper and broader discussion about the kind of public culture we are fermenting as a society, can we begin to trace our social, moral and ethical priorities correctly. Most critics start with institutions. They look at Parliaments, senates, heads of state, elections and lobbyists, and point to the ways in which these have degraded or abused the trust and authority entrusted upon them. Any reform, they conclude, must begin here. We need new laws, different electoral regimes, restrictions on lobbying and political funding; we need to give more (or less) authority to the executive branch, and we need to find ways to make elected and unelected officials responsive and answerable to their constituencies and paymasters. All true. We need all these, but such changes have been in the air for many decades. It ought to be clear by now that the reason they have not happened or do not work is because they are imagined, designed and implemented by the very people responsible for the dilemma. Let me conclude this point by making a reference to the United States senate there is little point in asking the US senate to reform its lobbying arrangements. As Upton Sinclair famously observed a century ago: It is difficult to get a man to understand something when his salary depends on him not understanding it. 10 Integriti Newsletter 3_2015.indd 10 19/1/2016 2:59:50 PM

11 FEATURES / RENCANA THE CULTURE OF INTEGRITY By Dato (Dr.) Anwar Fazal* As Published in malaysiakini.com, 15 August 2015 Ensuring integrity and fighting corruption has been among the greatest challenges of all times to humanity. Religions have addressed the issues as have governments of all shapes, sizes and structures. Sadly, it continues to be an unremitting scourge globally. It is a deep malaise that, like a malignant cancer, continues to grow, destroy, while appearing in unexpected and even in quasi-legal ways with the complicity of the very institutions established for ensuring justice and good governance. Malaysia s journey in meeting these challenges continues to be a struggle. One of the most significant publications in this field was done in Malaysia appearing first as The Sociology of Corruption in 1968, and subsequently and extensively updated, a globally classic intellectual work on corruption was published in Malaysia by one of its outstanding public intellectuals, Dr. Syed Hussein Alatas. The 1991 edition was entitled Corruption: its nature, causes and functions. The book was reprinted in 2005 and the distinguished Malaysian prince who launched it he is currently His Royal Highness the Sultan of Perak warned us that Corruption may become an industry. The late Dato Professor Syed Hussein Alatas book has one of the best description of the scourge of corruption. His nine point characteristics of corruption have not been better stated: a. A betrayal of trust. b. Deception of a public body, private institution or society at large. c. Subordination of common interests by specific interests. d. Secrecy of execution except in situations which allow powerful individuals or those under their protection to dispense with it. e. Involvement of more than one person or party. f. The presence of mutual obligations and benefits, in pecuniary or other forms. g. The focusing of action on those who want definite decisions and those who can influence them. h. The attempt to camouflage the corrupt act by some form of lawful justification. i. The expression of a contradictory dual function by those committing the act. The monumental struggle to address the scourge continues to be challenging and recent episodes have only been disturbing. We need to have faith and courage and the following enunciations from our spiritual traditions are deep reminders and should manifest our conscience: The Law of Moses says You must not distort justice, you must not show partiality and you must not accept bribes for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and subverts the cause of those who are in the right. The law of Manu from the Hindu tradition says Men who are appointed by the King to protect his subjects generally become hypocrites who take the property of others, and he must protect those subjects from them. Buddha states Unjust officials are the thieves of people s happiness, they defraud both ruler and people and are the cause of the nations troubles. Islam - the Quran reminds us (do not) give bribery to the rulers and the Prophet Mohamed (S.A.W.) elaborated Allah curses the giver of bribes and the receiver of bribes and the person who paves the way for both parties. Christianity - John the Baptist reminded his followers Do not extort money from anyone. As for those who think no one will ever know of their illegal or unethical acts, I would welcome them to visit the Four Knows Hall of the Yeoh Kongsi in George Town, Penang. There is a deep saying there that reminds us of our conscience: Don t say nobody knows. The Heavens know, The Earth knows, You know and I know. History has taught us one thing and that one thing above all has made a difference leadership that means political will at the top and popular will from the bottom. It is leadership at all levels - people who are prepared to stand up against injustice and dishonesty at the community level, in government and corporate board rooms. We need that more than ever now! *Dato (Dr.) Anwar Fazal was a co-founder of Transparency International Malaysia and a recipient of the Right Livelihood Award popularly known as the Alternative Nobel Prize. 11 Integriti Newsletter 3_2015.indd 11 19/1/2016 2:59:50 PM

12 FEATURES / RENCANA INTEGRITI PENENTU EKONOMI MAKMUR Oleh Anuar Ahmad, Timbalan Pengarah & Penyelaras Program Institusi Pentadbiran, IIM Disiarkan dalam Utusan Malaysia, 7 Ogos 2015 Institut Integriti Malaysia (IIM) sekali lagi menganjurkan satu forum bagi membicarakan akan pentingnya integriti dalam dunia korporat yang membariskan Pengerusi Telekom Malaysia, Tan Sri Sulaiman Mahbob sebagai pembicara utama dan Pengerusi Pantai Holdings Berhad, Datuk Khairil Anuar Abdullah dan Pengerusi Audit Oversight Board, Suruhanjaya Sekuriti Nik Hasyudeen Yusof sebagai discussants. Kehadiran peserta yang rata-ratanya ialah pegawai tinggi kerajaan dan peneraju korporat yang secara kolektif bersetuju bahawa demi kemakmuran ekonomi negara, semua pihak perlu berganding bahu membersihkan negara kita daripada sebarang persepsi negatif dalam kalangan pelabur dengan memberikan penerangan yang betul terhadap apa juga isu integriti yang melanda negara terutama sekali berkaitan isu korporat. Apa sahaja fitnah yang tidak bertanggungjawab perlu ditentang habisan-habisan demi survival negara dalam persaingan yang kian mencabar agar generasi akan datang tidak menderita kerana perbuatan setengah pihak yang suka menangguk di air yang keruh demi untuk kepentingan politik dan sebagainya. Integriti dalam mencari rezeki telah diajar berkurun lamanya oleh salah seorang Imam Ahli Sunnah Wal jamaah. Imam Muhammad Idris Al Syafie ( ) iaitu pengasas Mahzab Shafie yang lahir di Asqalan, Syria dalam pesanannya, berpada-padalah dalam mencari rezeki. Apa yang diperkatakan oleh Imam Syafie itu adalah supaya kita sentiasa bersederhana dalam mencari rezeki dan sentiasa menitik beratkan soal halal haramnya rezeki yang kita bakal peroleh itu. Dewasa ini apa yang membimbangkan adalah statistik yang dikeluarkan oleh Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM) pada tahun lalu menunjukkan bahawa jenayah perdagangan di Malaysia meningkat 168%, melibatkan kerugian lebih RM1.3 bilion. Ini satu perkembangan yang cukup membimbangkan di mana jenayah ekonomi ini seringkali dikaitkan dengan mereka yang bijak pandai dan berkelulusan tinggi. Tentunya kita masih ingat akan the world biggest accounting fraud yang dilakukan oleh Ramalinga Raju iaitu Ketua Eksekutif Kumpulan Satyam Computer Services, syarikat Fortune 500 yang tersenarai di tiga bursa saham iaitu di Mumbai, New York dan London. Kebijaksanaan memanipulasi akaun yang dilakukan oleh lulusan MBA dari Universiti Harvard, Amerika Syarikat (AS) itu telah berjaya menyembunyikan penipuannya selama beberapa tahun dan hanya terbongkar pada Februari 2002, apabila pihak CBI India mula menjalankan penyiasatan sehinggalah Ramalinga dijatuhkan hukuman penjara 7 tahun dan didenda RM5.5 Crore Rupees (RM3.3 juta) oleh Mahkamah Tinggi di Hydrabad, India pada Mei lalu. Natijah daripada perbuatannya itu telah menyebabkan Syarikat Satyam Computer Services mengalami penggulungan operasi dan menyebabkan 30,000 warga kerjanya kehilangan pekerjaan. Kebankrapan terbesar dunia pula melibatkan syarikat gergasi Worldcom Corporation, syarikat telekomunikasi AS berlaku pada 2002, melibatkan kerugian lebih AS$100 bilion adalah gara-gara perbuatan Ketua Pegawai Eksekutifnya yang bernama Bernard John Ebbers,lulusan Doctorate In Law dari Missisippi College, AS. Walaupun beliau kini terpaksa meringkuk dalam penjara selama 25 tahun tetapi perbuatannya telah menyebabkan banyak pihak mengalami kesukaran hidup. Kita juga masih tidak lupa terhadap skandal Enron Corporation yang berlaku pada Oktober 2001 di mana syarikat gergasi yang pernah memenangi anugerah American Most Innovative Company selama enam tahun berturut-turut ini juga akhirnya tumbang gara-gara perbuatan tiga orang peneraju utamanya iaitu Kenneth Lay, Pengerusinya, Jeffery Skilling, Ketua Pegawai Eksekutifnya dan Andrew Fastow, Ketua Pegawai Kewangannya, melibatkan kerugian AS$64 bilion dan seterusnya menyebabkan 20,000 warga kerja syarikat berteraskan tenaga itu kehilangan pekerjaan masing-masing. Sebab itulah, seorang penulis dan penyair Inggeris yang terkenal iaitu Dr. Samuel Johnson ( ) dalam karyanya The Rasselan mengatakan bahawa - Integrity without knowledge is weak and useless, and knowledge without integrity is dangerous and dreadful. Mengekang jenayah korporat bukanlah satu perkara yang mudah malah memerlukan pendekatan program pendidikan secara inklusif dan berterusan. Hukuman yang berat juga belum tentu 12 Integriti Newsletter 3_2015.indd 12 19/1/2016 2:59:50 PM

13 FEATURES / RENCANA boleh mengekang masalah integriti dan ini terbukti di mana negara China yang mengenakan capital punishment kepada penjenayah ekonomi di China juga gagal mengekang masalah rasuah di negara itu apabila Indeks Persepsi Rasuah Antarabangsa China yang dikeluarkan oleh Transparencies International jatuh merudum dari posisi 80/177 pada 2013 kepada tangga 100/175 pada Ini bertepatan sekali dengan apa yang diperkatakan oleh Lord Betrand Russel iaitu pemenang Hadiah Nobel bagi kategori kesusasteraan yang mengatakan bahawa - No amount of rules could ensure morality. Kita sentiasa berdoa agar negara kita akan terhindar dari segala bentuk fitnah dan mala petaka kesan dari tadbir urus yang tidak baik dalam dunia korporat. Satu perkara yang paling utama yang perlu kita hayati dan amalkan adalah sebagai ketua keluarga yang berintegriti tinggi, kita wajib memastikan bahawa rezeki yang kita bawa pulang untuk memenuhi keperluan keluarga di rumah adalah rezeki yang baik lagi halal. Bagi orang Islam perintah untuk memakan rezeki yang baik itu telah difirmankan Allah SWT di dalam al-quran yang bermaksud Wahai orang yang beriman, makanlah kamu dari rezeki yang baik (lagi halal) yang telah Kami Anugerahkan kepada kamu dan bersyukurlah jika benar kamu beriman kepada Allah (Al-Baqarah -172). pulang untuk keluarga akan mampu melahirkan anak-anak yang berakhlak mulia. Penulis ingin menutup diskusi pada kali ini dengan mutiara kata dari negarawan ulung India iaitu Mahatma Gandhi yang mengatakan bahawa - The world is enough for everybody need, but not enough for one man greed. (Dunia ini cukup untuk semua manusia, tetapi tidak cukup untuk ketamakan seorang manusia). Selagi ada sifat ekstrim ketamakan dalam diri seorang manusia maka selagi itulah masalah integriti seperti rasuah, penipuan dan penyelewengan akan terus berleluasa. Sebagai orang Islam, kita wajib percaya bahawa rezeki yang baik yang dibawa 13 Integriti Newsletter 3_2015.indd 13 19/1/2016 2:59:55 PM

14 BOOK REVIEW / ULASAN BUKU INTEGRITI DALAM KELUARGA: PANDUAN KE ARAH KELUARGA BAHAGIA (Dari kiri) YB Datuk Hajjah Jainab Datuk Seri Panglima Haji Ahmad Ayid, Menteri Kementerian Pembangunan Masyarakat dan Hal Ehwal Pengguna Sabah, Prof. Datuk Dr. Mohd Harun bin Abdullah, Naib Canselor Universiti Malaysia Sabah dan Prof. Dr. Ismail Ibrahim, Dekan Fakulti Psikologi dan Pendidikan Universiti Malaysia Sabah (Dari kiri) Dr. Ferlis Bahari, Ketua Unit Penyelidikan Psikologi dan Kesihatan Sosial Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Haji Hamilye Sham Harun, Pengarah Pusat Koordinasi dan Pemantauan IIM, Cik Nelly Mansin, Penyelaras Program Institusi Keluarga IIM, Dr. Anis Yusal Yusoff, Presiden IIM dan Prof. Dr. Dahlan Hj. A. Malek, Timbalan Dekan Fakulti Psikologi dan Pendidikan Universiti Malaysia Sabah Buku Integriti Keluarga: Panduan Ke Arah Keluarga Bahagia merupakan hasil kerjasama awal antara Unit Keluarga, Sektor Sosiobudaya, Institut Integriti Malaysia (IIM) dan Unit Penyelidikan Psikologi dan Kesihatan Sosial, Fakulti Psikologi dan Pendidikan, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS). Julung kali diterbitkan di Malaysia, buku ini turut mendapat sentuhan pakar rujuk bidang keluarga dan psikologi dari Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia dan Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences. Secara ringkasnya, penerbitan buku ini merupakan keseinambungan daripada Seminar Kebangsaan Integriti Keluarga; Pembentangan Ilmiah Isu Keluarga; Wanita dan Kanak-kanak yang telah berlangsung pada Disember Sebanyak 23 artikel daripada 50 artikel yang dibentangkan telah dipilih melalui proses pemurnian semasa Bengkel Pewasitan Artikel Buku. Objektif penerbitan buku ini adalah untuk mengisi bahan bacaan mengenai integriti keluarga dan dijadikan panduan oleh para pembaca terutamanya tenaga akademik, mahasiswa dan mahasiswi dan kakitangan kerajaan mahupun swasta profesional yang terlibat secara langsung di dalam bidang keluarga. Buku ini membincangkan secara komprehensif mengenai pembudayaan integriti kekeluargaan, penjiwaan integriti keibubapaan, penghayatan integriti dari aspek psikologi remaja, pemerkasaan nilai, etika, serta akauntabiliti dalam konteks organisasi dan golongan khusus seperti wanita serta Orang Kurang Upaya (OKU). 14 Integriti Newsletter 3_2015.indd 14 19/1/2016 2:59:56 PM

15 BOOK REVIEW / ULASAN BUKU Penulisan buku ini menggabungkan antara artikel berbentuk konseptual dan empirikal yang menumpukan kajian mengenai kekeluargaan serta kaitannya dengan ciri integriti seperti daya tahan institusi keluarga, kehidupan keluarga yang bahagia dan sejahtera, kepimpinan keluarga, rasa hormat serta kepercayaan antara sesama ahli keluarga, gaya dan kemahiran keibubapaan, serta nilai, sikap dan tingkah laku positif dalam kalangan ahli keluarga. 15 Integriti Newsletter 3_2015.indd 15 19/1/2016 3:00:02 PM

16 Integriti Newsletter 3_2015.indd 16 19/1/2016 3:00:02 PM