Model Questions and Answers for P.U.C EXAM 2012

Transcription

1 Model Questions and Answers for P.U.C EXAM 2012 One Mark Questions: SUBJECT: POLITICAL SCIENCE SUBJECT CODE: Which is the root word of Public Opinion? Ans: The French word Opinion Publique is the root word of public opinion. 2. Who considered the concept of General Will? Ans: Jean Jaequs Rousseau considered the concept of General will in his theory of social contract. 3. Who fully developed theories of public opinion? Ans: The theories of public opinion were fully developed by Jeremy Bentham. 4. What is meant by Lobbying? Ans: Lobbying is nothing but an act of attempting to influence decisions made by officials in the government. 5. What is Mass Media? Ans: Mass media which gives information through audio and video to the mass of different groups in the society. 6. What is NGOs? Ans: NGOs means the Non governmental organizations. 7. What is Public Opinion?. Ans: The public opinion is generally understood as the common opinion or common interest of the public or collective voice of the people. 8. Who used the word public opinion for the first time? Ans: Jean Jaequs Rousseau was first person used the term Public Opinion as the general will of the people. 9. What is Vox Populi? Ans:It(vox populi) means voice of the people. 10. What is Vox dei?

2 Ans: It (Vox dei )means voice of the god. 11. Who called voice of the people as the voice of the God? Ans:.Machiavelli was considered the voice of the people as voice of the god. 12.Who called the press or print media as the Bible of democracy? Ans: Walter Lippmann said the press or print media as the Bible of democracy. 13.What is meant by Print Media? Ans:. The Print media means the press which gives information in a printed form such as news papers and magazines for the readers. 14.What is meant by Electronic Media? Ans: The Mass media is also called as an electronic media because they communicate to the public by using electronic equipments such as television, radio, telephone, mobile, internet and cinema. 15.What is Consensus Populi? Ans:.It means consent of the people. This concept of Consensus Populi was developed by the Romans in the place of Public opinion. 16.What is meant by Public Platform? Ans: The public platform means the platform for discussion, meetings mobilize opinion on the public related issues. 17.What is meant by Feedback in terms of Public opinion? Ans: Feedback means at a given time people could express their opinion on particular issue of the public. 18.What is political ethos? Ans: The political ethos means a set of shared values held by a broad consensus of the people. 19. what is Opinion Intensity? Ans: It measures how strongly and intensely people react about an issue in the society. 20.What is Family in terms of public opinion? Ans: Family as an agency of public opinion expresses its views on the governmental decisions and implementations. 21.What is called the legislature within the legislature?

3 Ans:. The influence of the pressure groups on the decision makers and the process of decision making is called as the Legislature within the legislature. 22.What is the Barometer of public opinion? Ans: The Legislature is called as the Barometer of the Public opinion. 23.Write any one agency of Public opinion. Ans: Educational institutions are considered as one of the medias of Public opinion. 24.What is the meaning of the Pressure Groups? Ans: The Pressure Groups means that Groups of people from different organizations who pressurize their demands to the government through rallies, strikes, demonstrations etc. 25.what is Civil Society? Civil society is the organized society which is distinct from the state and administrative groups. 26.Who characterized Pressure groups as Anonymous Empire? Ans: Herman Finer called the Pressure groups as anonymous empire because they influence the government on certain issues. 27.What is meant by political socialization? Ans: The process by which citizens develop political attitudes, beliefs and values is called political socialization. 28.Name any one of the Farmer s pressure group in Karnataka? Ans: Karnataka Raytha Sangha. 29.What is meant by Anomic Interest Groups? Ans: The Anomic interest groups mean these groups never come into the public but their demands are fulfilled by mans of bloodshed and violent manners in the society. 30.Who is the leader of Narmada Bachoo Andolan? Ans: Smt.Medha Patekar is the prominent leader of the Narmada Bachaov Andolan. 31.When do the pressure groups play an important role? Ans: During the election all pressure groups play an important role. 32.Define the Elite Pressure groups. Ans: The Elite people means that rich people who are grouped in the society and build up common interest for limited members.

4 33.Expand NSUI. Ans:.National Students Union of India. 34.Expand ABVP Ans:Akila Bhartiya Vidyarthi Parishad. 35. Expand AITUC Ans: All India Trade Union Congress. 36. Expand ABKKS. Ans: Akila Bharthiya Krushi Karmica Sangh. 37.Expand DSS. Ans: Dalit Sangrsha Samiti 38.Expand BVS Ans: Bahujan Vidyarthi Sangha. 39.Expand VHP. Ans: Vishwa Hindu Parishat. 40.Expand LTTE Liberation Tigers Of Tamil Elam. 41. Expand AISF. All India Students Federations. Two Mark Questions and Answers: 1. Define the concept of Public Opinion. Ans: The public opinion means the different groups of people express their collective views on common issues of the public. According to water lippman public opinion means that an indication of the public response to government policies at national and international level. 2. Define the views of Dr.B.R.Ambedkar on Public opinion. Ans:. Dr. B.R.Ambedkar said that any government that wishes to swim against the tide of public opinion was sure to get washed out.

5 3. Write two Agencies of Public opinion. Ans: Family, Mass media, Print media, public platform.(write any two) 4. In what way T.V as a media helpful to the viewer? Ans: Television is a media which is helpful to a viewer to see and listen at a time any information on various issues of public. It creates a definite impression on viewer to understand the situation and express their opinion in particular matters. 5. Name any two National News papers of India. Ans: The Times of India, The Hindu. 6. Name any two kannada Magazines. Ans: Tharanga and Sudha, 7. Name any two features of pressure groups. Ans: 1.common and specific interest. 2. Non political organisations 3.helathy competitions. 8. Explain two functions of Pressure groups. Ans: 1.Maily, Pressure Groups strives to protect and promote the interest of their members. 2.They express common views through media and generate public opinion. 9. Who founded the Indian Kissan Congress in 1936? Ans: Sardar Vallabha bai Patel was the founder of the Indian kisan congress in 1936, but it was later named as kisan sabha. 10. Which country is called the champion of the Pressure groups? Ans:. The United States of America is the champion of the pressure groups in the modern era. America has only two party systems so other groups may form their organizations and work as a pressure groups. Presser groups in USA having strong hold in matters of public opinion. They are more powerful than the political parties. 11. What is the role of legislature as an agency of public opinion? Ans: The Legislature play an important role to bring the issues of the public before the Assembly or parliament. In reality the legislature is the base for the democracy to express public views on various factors in favour of the nation or the people. 12. Name any two Business pressure groups?

6 Ans:. ASSOCHAM and FICCI 13. What is the role of Labour Pressure groups? Give an example. The labour pressure groups promote, protect and pressure the comprensive interst of the labour groups. Such as AITUC,INTUC,CITU,etc 14. What is meant by Religious groups? Give an example. Ans: Religious groups are those organized groups which follows particular religion s faiths,trusted principles, customs and traditions in the society. Example: The Hindus, the Muslims, the Buddhist, the Christians. 15. Name any two Caste groups in Karnataka. Ans: The Vokkaliga sangha, the veerashiva sangha, dalitha sangharsh samiti 16. Name any two National Student Pressure Groups. Ans:.Akila Bhartiya Vidyarthi Parishad. Bhahuja Vidhayrthi Sangha. 17. What is Professional groups? Give an example Ans: These Pressure groups are formed by the employees of a particular occupation or profession of government or public civil service for the protection of their interests. Professional pressure groups are mainly Teachers, lecturers, doctors, lawyers and Indian administrative service and police service associations and state service organisations Examples: All India Medical Association, State level Lawyers associations, IAS,IPS,KAS,KPS Associations etc,( write any one example) 18. Mention the two characteristics of pressure groups. Ans: 1.Based on certain interests 2.Use of modern as well as traditional means. 3.Pressure and demand on resources. 4. Non political in nature 5.No ideological commitments ( write any two) 20. Mention the two capacities of a Pressure group. 1.Leadership 2.Organisational abilities.3.mass media.4.economic power base. ( write any two) Five Mark Questions: 1. Write about the meaning of public opinion? Give two definitions. Ans: the English term public opinion dates back to the eighteenth century and has derived from the French Opinion Publique, which was first used in 1588 by Montaigne. The public opinion is the opinion or attitude of the public regarding a particular matter. Public opinion, defined for purposes of this historical review of free and public communication from citizens to their government on matters of concern to the nation.

7 In early phase public opinion was preoccupied with domestic affairs, but during the French revolutionary wars and after the congress of Vienna the utilization of public opinion in international affairs become generally worldwide perspective. Definitions on public opinion are as follows: 1. Herbert Blumer, Public opinion is discussed as a form of collective behavior which is made up of those who are discussing a given public issue at any one time. 2. Collective evaluations expressed by the people on any issues, policies, are directly involved with the government concern are called the public opinion. 2.Explain the significance and role of Public opinion. Ans: Public opinion is considered to be the essential element for successful working of democratic communication. Public opinion is the collective expression of the views of citizens Public opinion acts as the guide to the government in respect of policy formation. A sound and effective public opinion even shake the dictators. There should be free and fair interaction of thoughts for solving the collective problems. Public opinion promotes wider awareness and invites citizens to examine issues from different points of view at international issues too. It acts on democratic values. It control over the government and administration. Political party adopts the popular welfare programmes of the people. 3.Explain the importance of Print media as an agency of Public Opinion. The print media includes newspapers, periodicals pamphlets, journals magazines leaf Lets etc. Press or print media supplies the news regarding all political and all other aspects. It is considered as the watch dog of democracy by carrying the voice of the public to the government. editorial columns helps the public to understand the decisions of the government. People express their criticism or support in the form of articles or comments through press. In fact, government also propagates its policies and programmes through print media. it helps the readers to make their decision on various issues of the public. 4. Write about the role of Mass media as an agency of public opinion. Ans: Mass media is also called as Electronic media. It includes T.V, Radio, Telephone, Internet, Mobile and Cinema.

8 Radio, television and cinema act as a mirror of society. Mass media in general a medium used to transmit mass communication The Mass media plays an important role in collecting the information and moulding the thoughts of all kinds of public groups. The audio visual media is used as a power of means for bringing about social transformation. It is used to educate the masses on certain sensitive issues like casteism, communalism, violence. Through mass media, people communicate their feeling opinions towards various government policies and programmes. 5.How do you judge the importance of public plat form? Ans: Public platforms or public meetings are effectively moulding public opinion for different social, cultural, intellectual and political groups. They address the public issues at the meetings, workshops, and conferences. They try to establish personal and emotional bond with the public. They motivate them towards positive and healthy public interest. The people movement begins with such platform where they get all kinds of assessment of the public issues. By using the platform so called subject intellectuals,experts, scientists, social workers, and other national and international leaders come together and discuss the matter and give suggestions and clarifications on public matters to the government. 6. What are the major hindrances in the formation of sound public opinion? Ans: The major hindrances are as follows Indifferent attitudes: Many groups do not take part in the public affairs and show less interest and irresponsibility in the participation democracy. Illiteracy: illiterate people on the other hand, have a limited knowledge and they do not u nderstand the political problems. The poverty: the poverty among the people hindrances in the formation of sound public opinion. Disharmony among the communities: major draw backs is that different caste people, religious people, language people have their own attitudes. they are divides themselves into narrow mind of traditional regions believes. Free Press: unbiased, objective and independent press and fearless media play a very significant role in the formation of healthy public opinion.

9 7. What are the Pressure Groups? Explain the five pressure groups in India. Pressure groups are also called as interest groups. They are organized groups having common and social interest, concerned with influencing decision making by putting pressure from outside. Pressure groups have voluntary membership and are found in every country. The pressure groups have limited and narrow focused issues. They ultimately put pressure on the government by using various techniques are called pressure groups. 1. Professional pressure groups : ( Doctors, Civil servants (IAS, IPS, KAS, KPS), Lawyers, Center and State government employees associations etc..) 2.Farmers pressure groups: 3. Labour pressure groups: 4.Students pressure groups: 5.Religeous pressure groups (write five pressure groups only with examples.) 8.Explain briefly the features of pressure groups. According to WJM Mackenzie, the field of organized groups possessing both formal structure and real common interests in so far as they influence the decisions of public bodies. They adopt various methods to influence the process of the government. The mass media and electronic media very commonly used by the pressure groups for conveying their feeling and opinion to the government. The Pressure groups through lobbying try to exert their pressure on the government. They should also maintain the democratic spirit and ethos of a nation. 9.Explain the nature of pressure groups. Ans: 1.The pressure groups are extra constitutional groups 2. They have mixed attitudes and ways of influence the government. 3. They don t have objectives of capturing political powers in the government.

10 4. They are very well organized groups. 5. They represent a definite class. 6.They have universality in their problems 7.They raise and talk about different issues. 8. They follow friendly and healthy competition. 9.They are different from political parties. (explain any five ) 10.What are the major differences between pressure groups and political parties. Ans:1 The pressure groups are non political in nature. Political parties are born to get political power. 2 The pressure groups influence on legislature The Political parties demands their share of political power. 3 The pressure groups express over the public interest. The political parties express over the party interest 4 The pressure groups go hand in hand in certain matters The Political parties never accept other opposition party decisions. 5 Pressure groups have support from the society. Political parties have constitutional support. Ten Marks Questions : 1. Discuss about the role and importance of Public Opinion. Ans: According to Leonard W.Dobb Public opinion refers to people s attitudes on an issue when they are members of the same social group So the public means different groups in the society express their views on particular issues in particular time. These groups are called Family, Education institutions Mass media, print media, public platform, etc The public opinion an indication of the public response to the government. The public opinion refers to public and government. The Public opinion is purely aggregate of the collective views of the people. The Public opinion represents the voice of the people.

11 the government should bound to the valuable decisions of civil societies. The political parties educate the people and give political awareness. The survival of non democratic governments. All the agencies of public opinion are playing a major role to propagate the public s views in democratic manner. Main agencies of public opinions are Family, Educational institutions, Mass media, print media, public platform, and legislature, etc.( explain the role and importance of the agencies of public opinion.) 2.Discuss the different Agencies of Public Opinion. Without any kind of communication it is absolutely difficult to know the matters in details. Here such agencies act on different level of their positions to make the public opinion and pressurize the government to make any changes towards the matters of public. There are different kinds of agencies are as follows, 1.Family: It is a small unit of society. It expresses the opinion whenever polices of the government affect on the family.they get together and build public opinion to fulfill their demand. 2. Educational Institution: since the educational institutions helps the student communities to form the public opinion in respect of their demands. 3.Mass Media(T.V, Radio, Mobile, Internet, Cinema): Mass Media is most responsible mechanism for the creation of public opinion. It acts as mediator between publics and government. Live T.V programs and telephone conversations, public awareness programs etc, 4.Print Media (press, news papers, magazines, periodicals ): Print media is also one of the best form of public media for promoting public opinion by the readers. 5.Public Platform: The public platform is used by politicians, scientist and intellectual personalities, resource persons of different subjects for understanding the issues and creating public opinions in favors of the public. 6. Legislature : Most commonly legistature functions to protect and promote the interest of the public opinion in flour of assembly or parliament. (Lok sabha,rajya sabha, Vidhana sabha, Vidhana parishat) and 7.Religions.: It is a diversity of interest on different ideologies.they claim and demand for their fundamental requirements as the public opinion; (Explain in details of agencie s concepts, usefulness, contributions and response and feedback.)

12 3.Explain the meaning,nature and role of pressure groups. Ans: Meaning: Many pressure groups apply pressure in different ways and at different levels to accomplish their desired objectives. They are organized groups having common and social interest, concerned with influencing decision making by putting pressure from outside.they organize and mobilize the publics for socio economic development. Nature : people have different cultural and social diversities based on this they form different types of pressure goups. their interest is not political. They have common and similar interest. protect and promote the interest of their members. promote healthy progressive opinion. The role of Pressure groups may vary basically they work as a bridge between public and government. Based on their demands pressure groups mould the opinion and pressure on the government decisions. They make the government more responsive to the needs of the groups. They participate in strikes and demonstration. They facilitate worldwide communication. They are influencing the prominent leaders of legislature. They are creating public opinion by implementing new methods. They are influencing the administrators and extending favour to them. They provide funds to the different political parties during the election. They act as the watch dogs in democracy. 4.Describe the different types of Pressure Groups in India. Ans: Introduction: Pressure groups play a very important role in the Indian democratic system of the government.they act as a link and sources of communication between the masses and the government. Such groups are adopted various methods to influence the government to fulfill their requirements. In India there are different types of pressure groups.they are as follows: 1.Labour pressure groups: This pressure group is mainly formed to promote the interest of labours in the different industries, corporate sectors, health service, railway and transport etc. Their fundamental requirements have to be fulfilled by the government otherwise these groups raise their demands and pressure in the process of the policies of government. Eng: AITUC,INTUC,CITU,HMS, and AIMS etc,.

13 2.Farmers pressure groups: The groups of farmers who are collectively organized at the state and national level to promote the interests of their demands. They are also keep on influencing the government or they demand for the better minimum supportive price or free electricity, loans at lower rate of interests, supply of high quality seeds, increased crop yield etc, Eng: Indian kissan sabha, AIKC, AIKKS, UKS, and Karnatakar Rajya Raitha sangha. 3.Business pressure groups: These groups are financially sound and capable to influence the government to fulfill their demands such as, less tax, tax holidays, abolition of octroi,, abolition of multiple entry tax etc, Eng: The Federation of Indian Chamber of commerce and Industry (FICCI), the Associated Chambers of Indian commerce and Industry. 4.Government employees groups: Such groups are mainly working in the government. They are organized at the state and national level. It includes employees from various departments. They promote employees interests and influence on decisions of the government and its policies. Eng: All India Central Government employees Federation (AICGEF), The Karnataka State government employees Association (KSGEA) 5.Religious pressure groups: These groups are mainly concentrating to promote their demands to safeguard the interest of particular religion. Weaker sections of the religious society demands for their shares in the government or in its policies. Eng: Rhastria Sevaka Sangha, Vishwa Hindu Parishad, Catholic Bishops Association, Catholic Christians Association, All India Maha Bhodi Society, Karnataka Jain s Associations etc,. 6.Caste pressure groups: In democratic country like India every caste wants their representations in the government. They pressurize on the government policies to promote caste based reservations in educations, employment, tickets for elections or party positions etc, Eng: Dalit Sangarsh Samiti, the Vikkaliga Vedike. The veerashiva sangha, kurubara sangha, etc 7.Student pressure groups: Basically, students unions are having lots of interest in promoting their identity at the college level by uniting themselves for common causes and fight at state level. Their demands and requirements such as, abolition of donations, fee concessions, increasing of seats in government quota, quality of education, and common educational policies etc, Eng: ABVP, BVS,NSUI, and SFI 8.Consumer groups: These groups are mainly concentrate on the consumer grievance redressal forum at local,district and national level.they protect the interest of the public s as well as consumer. Eng: Thaloku Consumers Vedike, District consumer s forum and National Consumer Associations etc,

14 9.Corporative groups: the corporative groups are organized from different industries managements and associations at state and national level. They are financially strong and influence the government to fulfill their demands.. Eng: IT and BT Forum, The Chief Executives of Corporative Sectors Associations, International hotel management associations, the tourist consultant associations, other corporative sectors. 10.Women s groups: The women s organizations are mainly grouped from the grass root level. These groups are managed to form their associations at national and international level. they protect their members demand and influence on the government decisions. Eng: Indian feminist associations, the Ladies Clubs, Akkila Bharthiya Mahila Sangha, Sthri Sakthi Sangha. 11. Civil service groups: These groups are mainly working under the government executive banches at the centre and state level. They are concentrated work in the administration level. Such groups are associated themselves to promote and protect their members from any troubles. They can easily influence the government and pressures their demands. Esample:IAS,IPS,KAS,KPS