Index. British identity, 113 Britishness, 107 8, British patriotism, 109 Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde (BHV), 181 2,

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1 Index abeyances, accommodation, 1, 4, 11, 14, 23, 52, 54 61, 74, 124 5, 211, , 226 7, , 276 allegiance, 3, 25 6, 70, 113 Althusius, Johannes, 207 ambiguity, 77 8, , anti-federalists, 206, 207 Argentina, 231, 233 4, 238, 240, 241 assimilation, 74, 153, 257, 264 asymmetric autonomy, in UK, Australia, 231, 233, 239, 240, 241, 277 Austro-Hungarian Empire, autonomy, 4, 11, 52, 53, 161 asymmetric, of Catalonia, political, 154 Basques, 71, 157 Bauer, Otto, 69 Beaud, Olivier, 85, 103n1 Belgium, 8, 9, 12 13, 42, 71, 74 6, 155, , 277, Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde (BHV), 181 2, constitution, , democratic legitimacy in, federal government, federalism in, 173, federal political issues in, judicial review, media system, 173, 177 8, political parties, , 214, 215 public sphere, 177 8, role of community media, Berlin, Isaiah, 49, 50 billingualism, 75 6 Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), Bourassa, Henri, 211 Brandeis, Louis, 237 Britain, see Great Britain; United Kingdom British Bill of Rights, 122 British history, 115 British identity, 113 Britishness, 107 8, British patriotism, 109 Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde (BHV), 181 2, Canada, 9 10, 12 13, 23, 42, 73, 74, 77, 114, 160, 277, Clarity Act, 225 constitution, 122, 123, 217, 222 constitutional debate in, democratic legitimacy in, federalism in, 211, federation, immigration, institutional design, political accommodations in, political nationality, 25 6 procedural constitutional politics, Carney, Friedrich, 207 Catalan Republican Left (ERC), 160 Catalonia, 8, 71 3, , 236 budget deficit, 165 historical roots of nationalism, immigration to, rise of modern nationalism in, secessionism in, Chechnya, 278 Choudhry, Sujit, 218, 219 Christian social philosophy, 207 Church of England, 110 Church of Ireland, 131 Church of Scotland, 110 citizenship, 52, 56, 113, education, 115 shared, 76 social, 125 world, 100 civil society, 33, 35, 50, 108, 111, 120, 162, 168, 266, 269 coalescent nationalism, collective rights, 1 283

2 284 Index communitarianism, 5 6 community media, 173, federal elections and, 187 federal political actors and, federal political issues and, compact theory, 207, 211 composite-culture nationalism, 246 confederalism, 2, 278 confederations of states, 84 6, 206 Congress of Vienna, consciousness, 51 consociationalism, 8 12, 29, 37, 146, 179, 276 constituent states, constitutions of, Constitutional Court, 215 constitutional pact, 88 98, 101 constitutional patriotism, constitutions amendment of, 86 Belgian, 208 9, 210, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), Canada, 122, 123, , 222 consequences of drafting in constituent states, vs. constitutional pact, Ethiopia, federal, as foundation for multinational federalism, India, 254 5, 256, 259, 269 internal, interpretation of, UK, US, cosmopolitanism, 50, 83 cosmopolitan law, Court of Arbitration, 215 Court of Justice, 97 8 court system, cultural diversity, 112, 272 cultural identity, 25 cultural pluralism, 45 cultural recognition, culture, 72, 246 character of, 5 common, preservation of, structure of, 5 Cyprus, 8 Cyr, Hugo, Dar Commission, 251 democracy, 3, 5, 152, 160, 163, 167 8, 174, 205 6, 208 direct, 239 multinational democracies, democratic legitimacy, in Belgium, in Canada, democratic nationalism, 152 demoi, 13, 58, 207, 208, 217, 226 demos, 58, 205, 208, , 218 deontology, 50 devolution, 75, 249 asymmetric, separatism and, in UK, 113, , 125 d Hondt rule, 137 Dicey, A. V., 110, 124, 125 dignity, 50, 56 direct democracy, 239 diversity, 48 cultural, 112, 272 national, 2 4, 11, 75 regional, 4 Dravid Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), 256 dual monarchy, 69 dual nationality, 86 England, 108, 111, 125 6, 129, see also United Kingdom English parliament, equality, 52 ethics, 100 translation ethics, 88 98, 102 Ethiopia, 29 35, 234 ethnic groups, 155 ethnicity, 40, ethnonationalism, 155, 255 European Charter for the Protection of Human Rights (ECHR), European Commission, 177 European Community Treaty, 89 European Council, 177 European media, 176 7, 182 European Parliament, 175

3 Index 285 European public sphere, 172, 175 7, European Union (EU), 3, 6 9, 74, 76 7, , 114, 147, 175, constitutional pact as foundation of, cosmopolitan law and, legal nature of, 83 as plurinational federation, 84 8 experimentation, , 242 federal constitutions, federal ideal, 4 federalism, 2, 25, 75, 155 see also multinational federalism asymmetrical, 7, 8, 220 2, 245, 248, 259, 272 in Belgium, in Canada, 211, concept of, 4 consequences of drafting constitutions on, contextual model of, executive, 220 in India, linguistic, nationalism and, 23 territorial, 4, 11 12, 276 theories of, federal states, 84 6, 206 federation, 4, 25, 154 6, 277 plurinational, 86 8 types of, 84 6 Ferry, Jean-Marc, 99 Flanders, 72, 74 Flemish, 155, see also Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde (BHV) France, 278 Franco, Francisco, freedom, 50 2 Gandhi, Indira, 261, 271 Gérin-Lajoie doctrine, 222 Germany, 155 6, 207, 239, 241, 278 globalisation, 74, 111 Good Friday Agreement, 122 governance, transnational, 174 governing institutions, Government of India Act, 249 Great Britain, 7, 108, see also United Kingdom Greece, 278 Hapsburg Empire, 69 Hegel, G. W. F., 49 56, 60 6 Hindu Mahasabha, 246 history British, 115 vision of, 72 identity, 3, 50 1 British, 113 common, 3 cultural, 25 national, 7, 24, 114 Scottish, 114 immigration, 74, 112, 165 6, India, 9, 14, 241, 277 coalescent nationalism in, culture, 246 federalism in, independence of, Kashmir, marginalized groups, 248 Naga question, nationalism in, Northeast, organisation of states in, population by language group, 252 population by religion, 252 Punjab, secessionism in, 256 territories by population size, 253 Indian Constitution, 254 5, 256, 259, 269 individualism, 6, 54, 55, 58, 61 individual rights, 1, Initiative for Catalonia-Greens (ICV), 160 institutional experimentation, , 242 integration, 74, 86, 99, 100, 111 internal constitutions, internal nations, 26, 28 internal self-determination, 10 11, 12, 277 Ireland, 130 1, 278 see also Northern Ireland Italy, 278

4 286 Index Jennings, Sir Ivor, 210 judicial branch, 225 judicial decisions, judicial review, Kant, Immanuel, 48, 49, 50, 52, 58, 98 9 Kashmir, Keating, Michael, 27 Kelsen, Hans, 209, 210 Länder, 155 6, 239 language, 72, 75 8, 150 1, Lebanon, 8 legitimacy, democratic, popular, 206 7, 209, 210 liberalism, 5 6, Hegelian turn, multinational democracies, neutralist theories, 46 7 pragmatic theories, 46 strong perfectionist theories, 48 9 theories of, 45 9 weak perfectionist theories, 47 8 London, 132 majority-minority relations, 26 majority/minority syndrome, 11, 13 majority nationalities, 11, 73 4 Manipur, 270 marginalized groups, 248 mass media, 172, 174 Belgian, 173, 177 8, community, 173, European, 176 7, 182 national, 172, 174, 176 7, 181 public sphere and, 174 McRoberts, Kenneth, 27 minority groups, 1, 5 discrimination against, 257 interests of, 28 9 self-government for, 8 11, 54 minority nationalities, 70, 72, 74 monarchy, 114 moral collectivism, 49, 53 6 moral individualism, 54, 55, 58, 61 moralism, 50 moral values, 46 multiculturalism, 74, 75, , 222 multilingual countries, 173 multinational democracies, multinational federalism, ambiguity and, case studies, 9 14 concept of, 3 4, 25 9 constitutional foundations of, de jure, 4, 11 13, 90, 276 in India, introduction, 1 3 multinational federation and, multinational federation, 23 43, 277 Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), concept of, 25 9 consequences of drafting in constituent states on, Ethiopia, multinationalism, 27, 112, 116, 247 multinational states, Muslim League, 246 Muslims, 250 Nagas, national diversity, 2 4, 11, 75 National Health Service (NHS), national identity, 7, 24, 114 nationalism, 23, 112, Catalonian, coalescent, democratic, 152 ethnonationalism, 155, 255 French, 69 German, 69 Hindu, 246, 247 in India, nation states and, neo-nationalism, , 126 Romantic, Scottish, state nationalism, 2 substate, 25, 26 theories of, without states, nationality, 25 6 nationality rights, 88 national pluralism, 48 9, 54, 58, 59 national public spheres, nations, without states, nation states, 57, 69, 70, 76, 150, 161 2, 174

5 Index 287 Nebraska, 239 negative freedom, 51 Nehru, Jawaharlal, 246, 250 1, 254, 261, Nehruvians, 246 neo-nationalism, , 126 neo-unionism, , 126 neutralist theories, 46 7 New Labour, North American Act, North American Free Trade Association (NAFTA), 74, 161 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 147 Northern Ireland, 121 2, 129, 131 3, , 143 6, 162 Offe, Claus, 209, 210 Pakistan, 262, 263 paradiplomacy, 222 Parliament, 126n1 Belgian, European, 175 UK, particularism, 5 patriotism British, 109 constitutional, people, 205 6, 209 perfectionist theories, 47 9 Pi i Margall, Francesc, 75, 157 pluralism, 45, 48 9, 54, 58, 59, 113, plurinational federation, 6 7 constitutional pact of, 93 8, 101 cosmopolitan law and, EU as, plurinationalism, 27, 113 political autonomy, 154 political liberalism, political nationality, 25 6 political parties, Belgian, , 214, 215 political recognition, 5, politics of difference, 14 popular legitimacy, 206 7, 209, 210 popular sovereignty, 110, 152, 206, 208 Portugal, 278 pragmatic theories, 46 preferential treatment, 12 public sphere Belgian, 177 8, concept of, 174 European, 172, 175 7, media and, 174 national, transnational, Punjab, quasi-federal systems, 234 Quebec, 9 10, 13, 71 2, , 122 3, 155, 161, 162, , 281 Queensland, 239 race relations, 75 Rawls, John, 61 recognition, 49 56, 73 cultural, political, regionalism, 132 religion, 246, 250, 252, 261, Renner, Karl, 69 representative democracy, 208 ressentiment, 73 Romantic nationalism, Russian Federation, 42, 278 Scotland, 75, , , 125 6, , 136, 140 2, 161, 162 Scotland Act, 121 Scottish identity, 114 Scottish nationalism, Scottish National Party (SNP), 108, 117, 118, 140 1, 143, 149, 161 Scottish Office, 130 Scottish Parliament, 136 secessionism, 149, 227 in Catalonia, 163 7, 168 devolution and, in India, 256 in Quebec, self-consciousness, 51 self-determination, 13, 28, 155, 208 internal, 10 11, 12, 277 self-government, 4, 8 11, 54, 208, 209, 227, 250, 277 separation of powers, 87, 237 separatism, Sinn Féin, 143 4

6 288 Index Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSC), 160 societal culture, 247 South Africa, 234, 238 sovereignty, 86, 90 divisible, 207, 208 limited, 110 of Parliament, , 126n1 popular, 110, 152, 206, 208 state, 227 Spain, 71, 73, 74, 114, 234, 236, 238, 278 democracy in, devolution in, 163 Spanish Civil War, Spanish Constitutional Court, 236 Spanish High Court of Justice, 166 7, 168 Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE), 160 Spanish War of Succession, 157 state constitutions, stateless people, 5, state-level experimentation, states, 149 confederations of, 84 6, 206 constituent, federal, 84 6, 206 Indian, nationalism without, nations and, unitary, 278 state-society relations, 26, 27 state sovereignty, 227 Statute of Autonomy, 166 7, 168 strong perfectionist theories, 48 9 substate nationalism, 25, 26 Sudan, 234, 238 Sunningdale Agreement, 137, Supreme Court of Canada, Switzerland, 155, 206, 241 territoriality, 40 transnational decision making, transnational governance, 174 transnational public sphere, treaty-making powers, 222 Treaty of European Union (TEU), 90 Treaty of Lisbon, 94 Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), 90 Trudeau, Pierre, 23, 24, 114, 226 unicameralism, 239 unilingualism, 75 6 uninational federations, 60 unionism crisis of, ideology of, neo-unionism, , 126 unitary state model, 2 unitary states, 7, 11, 278 United Committee of Manipur (UCM), 270 United Kingdom, 73, 75, 278 asymmetric autonomy in, common identity and, constitution, crisis of unionism, devolution, United States, 9, 85 6, 206, 233, , 242, 259 United States of Europe, 101, 102 US Constitution, Wales, 75, 129, 130, 132, 134, 136, 140, 162 Walloons, 71, 178, 180, 187, 214, Weber, Max, 149 Welsh Assembly, 136 West Lothian Question, Wheare, Kenneth, 23, 24, 26, 28 9 World Trade Organization (WTO), 74 Zapatero, Rodriguez, 164