WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION MONDIALE.

Transcription

1 WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION MONDIALE. ORGANIZATION DE LA SANTÉ EXECUTIVE BOARD EB39/MtLn/l5 Rev.l : :: } 28 February 1967 Thirty-ninth Session 一 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH MINUTES OF THE FIFTEENTH MEETING WHO Headquarters, Geneva Wednesday^ 25 January 1967, at 2.30 P.m. CHAIRMAN: Dr J. WATT CONTENTS 1, Review of the proposed programme and budget estimates for 1968 (oontinued from the ninth meeting) Decisions of the United Nations, the specialized agencies and IAEA affecting WH0 T s activities Page Programme matters (continued from the fourteenth meeting, section 9) 5^1 Administrative, budgetary and financial matters 56l 3. Announcement 566

2 ЕВ39/Жп/15 Rev.l Fifteenth Meeting Wednesday, 25 January 1967, at 2.^0 p.m. Present Dr J. WATT, Chairman Professor R. GERIC, Vice-Chairman Dr A. R. M. AL-ADWANI, Rapporteur Dr A. HENYAKHtEP, Rapporteur Dr A. ABDULHADI Mr A. F. ABRAR Dr T. ALAN (alternate to Professor N. H. Fisek) Professor E. AUJALEU Dr í. (V. AZURIN Dr D. BADAROU Sir George GODBER Professor D. M. GONZALEZ TORRES Dr L. W. JAYESURIA (alternate to Dr M. Din bin Ahmad) Dr 0. KEITA Dr PE KYIN Professor P. MACUCH Dr P. D. MARTDŒZ Dr A. P. MONDET Dr T. C. NCHINDA (adviser to Dr J.-C. Happi) Dr M. P. OTOLORIN Designating Country United States of America Yugoslavia Kuwait Morocco Libya Somalia Turkey Prance Philippines Dahomey United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Paraguay- Malaysia Guinea Burma Czechoslovakia Mexico Argentina Cameroon Nigeria

3 EB39/Mín/15 Rev l Present y Dr С- QUIROS Dr К, N. RAO Peru India Designating Country Dr D. D. VENEDIKTOV Dr M. K. EL WASSY Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Yemen Secretary: Dr M. G. CANDAU Director-General Representatives of Intergovernmental Organizations United Nations United Nations Children 1 s Fund Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration League of Arab States Mr N. G. EHRNROOTH Sir Herbert BROADLEY Dr C- SCHOU Mr M, AZIZ HETATA Representatives of Mon-governmeñtál Organizations Council for International Organization of Medical Sciences International Committee of Catholic Nurses International Dental Federation Interiiâtiônal Society of Blood- Transfusion Dr V. FATTORUSSO Miss L- CHARLES-ROQUES Dr L* BOUVIER Professor R. FISCHER World Medical Association Dr MAYSTRE

4 EB39/Min/15 Hev.l REVIEW OP THE PROPOSED PROGRAMME AND BUDGET ESTIMATES FOR 1968: Item 3-3 of the Agenda (continued'from the ninth meeting) Adoption of the Executive Board 1 s Report The CHAIRMAN invited the Board to consider the draft report on the proposed programme and budget estimates for 1968 (document EB59/wp/5). The document had been prepared on the basis of the recommendations contained in the report of the Standing Committee on Administrât ion and Finance (document EB39/WP/2) and incorporated the amendments the Board.had made thereto in the course of its discussion on the item. He suggested that the draft report should be considered chapter by chapter. Professor AUJALEU said that he had some general remarks to make, the first of which concerned the presentation of the report Looking at it from the Health Assembly 1 s point of view, it seemed to him that it would be clearer for the reader if the Board's remarks on any given item came immediately after those of the Standing Committee, rather than at the end of each section,as. was the case in the draft report. Secondly, he noted that no reference had been made in the report to the Board f s views on the Organization f s regional activities. Admittedly, no actual comment had been made, but there should be some mention of the Board 1 s tacit approval in that connexion.

5 EB)9/_/l5 Rev.l Thirdly^ while the Secretariat^ replies to members 1 questions had received '-: - - extensive coverage in the report, the questions themselves had not. The report, however, was supposed to be a reflection of the remarks made by members, who often indicated their views by asking questions. It might not be possible to make any immediate change in the report, but in future such questions should be more fully reported, particularly in Chapters ill and IV - he was not, of course, referring to Chapter V..The CHAIRMAN. said that to his mind the absence of any comment by the Board on an item in the report of the Standing Committee - which was an organ, of the Board - indicated.that the Board was satisfied. With the incorporation of the Board's amendments, therefore, the Standing Committee's report became a Board document and. *. that seemed to be the only possible procedure. Professor AUJALEU agreed that the Standing Committee emanated from the Board and that the absence of comment by the latter on items in the Standing Committee^ report implied tacit endorsement His concern, however, was to ensure that the Board f s remarks followed immediately after those of the Standing Committee on the same subject, instead of being relegated to the end of the section. In the case of the discussions on the development of the programme, for example.. the Board! s remarks were given right at the end of all the Standing Committee f s comments on the whole range of the Organization^ activities. Such a lack of juxtaposition would make difficult reading for anyone who had not attended the discussions.

6 EB)9/Min/l5 Rev,l Mr SIEGEL, Assistant Director-General, said that there were more ways than one of preparing a report The procedure adopted in the present case was similar to that followed in previous years and had not to date, to the best of his knowledge, resulted in any particular difficulty regarding clarity. However, the Secretariat would be pleased to study possible ways of improving the. presentation of the report along the lines suggested by Professor Aujaleu. But it could be argued that the report was easier to understand in its present form. It was simply a matter of preference regarding the way in which the ideas expressed should be arranged. With regard to the section of the report on regional activities, as Professor Aujaleu had himself pointed out, the Board had made no comments in that connexion. The Secretariat and the drafting group had therefore assumed that it would be appropriate to include the reference contained in paragraph 17*50 of Chapter IV. Professor AUJALEU said that, in order to make his point clearer, he would illustrate it by an example. The Standing Committee's comments on the estimates for the Venereal Diseases and Treponematoses unit were given in paragraph of Chapter IV. The Board f s remarks in that connexion were not given until paragraph 4.19 of the same Chapter That seemed to him impractical; it would have been preferable for the Board f s comments to follow immediately after those of the Standing Committee It was only a question of presentation.

7 EB39/Min/l*5ílev.l Mr SIEGEL said that, as the Board was already aware, the Secretariat and the drafting group had had to produce the report in a very short time. If the Board had been meeting for another two weeks, something better could have been produced. Staff were being asked to put in extremely long hours and, in the light of the difficulties with which it was faced, the Secretariat had done a creditable job in providing the drafting group with the information in time. However^ a number of cross-references had been included in the.report and 一 in order to meet Professor Aujaleu 1 s point, at least in part - more could be given. The CHAIRMAN said that Professor Aujaleu 1 s suggestion that members 1 questions should be more fully reflected in the report merited close attention. Professor AUJALEU said that at too many points the report appeared to. reflect the Director-General r s comments rather than the Executive Board T s. In his opinion, therefore, members! questions should be more fully reported Dr RAO endorsed Mr Siegel f s suggestion that further cross-references should be included in the report Dr KEITA said that he.shared Professor Aujaleu 1 s concern regarding the need for clarity Before members could participate efficiently in a meeting, they had to be able to understand the documents before them. It was inconvenient to have to look up references when a certain Juxtaposition of ideas would result in easier reading. It often happened that members were unable to speak on a subject because they had not had sufficient time to review it in its entirety.

8 EB39AtLn/X5 Rev.l -5) 斗 - Chapters 工 and II There were no comments. Chapter III Following a comment by Professor AUJAIEU regarding the first sentence of paragraph in the French text, the DEPUTY DIRECTOR-GENERAL said that it would be brought into line with the English text. Chapter IV Professor AUJALEU said that in Part 1, paragraph 2.5, it was stated that a member of the Board had noted that the total provision for travel amounted to $ 5-3 million. He suggested that, to give greater significance to that statement, another fact also mentioned by the same member should be included in the report, namely, that $ 5*3 million represented 10 per cent, of the budget 一 a high proportion. He also proposed that the first sentence in Part 2, paragraph Ц should be redrafted to show that a member of the Board had asked vaxy the sections on travel and subsistence allowances for temporary personnel did not appear for the Regional Committees for South-East Asia and the Western Pacific.

9 ЕВ359/^л/15 Rev.l Не further suggested that in Part 2j paragraph 4.19, it would be appropriate to include the Board? s remarks on the Division of Research in Epidemiology and Communications Science, particularly since it had commented favourably on that new division. Lastly, he suggested that the first part of Part 2, paragraph 4.27, should, in the French text, read: Un membre ayant demandé si 1! 01УБ ne s f intéressait pas davantage... The DEPUTY DIRECTOR-GENERAL 3aid that Professor Aujaleu 1 s suggestion with regard to paragraph 4.27 would provide a more accurate rendering of the sense as already expressed in the English text. Dr ALAN said that he seemed to recall that, at an earlier meeting, Mr Siegel had mentioned certain corrections to be made to the figures given in the text of Part paragraph The DEPUTY DIRECTOR-GENERAL said that Dr Alan was right. In the English text, however, the correction had already been made. Mr SIEGEL suggested^ further to Professor Aujaleu 1 s earlier point regarding the need for the Board T s comments to be given at the end of each section, that a text along the lines of that included in paragraph should be included at the end of the sections on each of the six regions.

10 EB39/Min/15 Hev.l Chapter V The CHAIRMAN said that Chapter V was divided into three parts: Part 1, concerning matters considered in accordance with resolution WHA5.62 of the Fifth World Health Assembly; Part 2, relating to other matters considered by the Board; and Part ), on the proposed effective working budget level for 1968, Part 1 was divided into six sub-sections relating respectively to casual income, the scale of assessment, the status of collection of annual contributions and of advances to the working capital fund, Members in arrears in the payment of their contributions, financial participation by governments in the costs of implementation of WHO-assisted projects and other considerations. Dr VENEDIKTOV said that although he had not had time to study the report thoroughly he was certain that all the remarks made by members had been adequately reflected at some point therein and that it was merely a question of seeking out the information. He noted, however, that while the effective working budget level had remained the same as in Official Records No. 15 斗,there was an increase in the assessments of Member States,as compared with the assessments shown in Official Records No, 15 斗, He asked whether that was due solely to the fact that South Africa would not contribute to the budget or whether there were any other reasons. He also wondered vrhether it was the correct procedure for the assessments of Members to be Increased because South Africa 1 s contribution would not be forthcoming.

11 EB39/Vlin/15 Rev.l ' 6ÎEGEL ëaid that' the change- in the scale of assessment as shown in pages 12 anâ 13 of Official Records No. 154 was reflected ill- the annex to the Board's draft report. That change was entirely due to the fact that the Board, in resolution EB)9.R1 斗,had recommended that, in view of the communication from South Africa, it would be desirable for the Health Assembly to take action to ehsure adequate financing for the approved budget In the Board * s draft report, the Health Assembly's attention was drawn to the fact that, if it adopted the Board's reс ommendati on^ the scale of assessment would have to be revised. Dr VENEDIKTOV said that Member States would apparently have to pay more to compensate for the absence of contributions from South Africa. Some thought would have to be given to that matter at the Health Assembly.. -:.._\....,.... The CHAIRMAN directed the Board's attention to the three resolutions contained in paragraphs 9j 38 and 40 respectively. He invited comments, first, on the resolution on health improvement (paragraph ) submitting a form of resdlution for consideration by the Héaith Assembly. Dr ALAN suggested that operative paragraph 5 of the draft resolution for submission to the Health Assembly should be redrafted so that the attention of the authorities referred 16 therein was directed not only to the resolution itsélf but -,..4- ;-, ' "i., also to thé Hèalth Assembly 1 s..concern at the decreasing amount of funds allocated to health projects under the United Nations Development Programme - a ccaicern expressed by the Health Assembly in the third preambular paragraph of the resolution.

12 EB;9/Min/15 Rev l -5)8 - The DEPUTY DIRECTOR-GENERAL said he understood that Dr Alan wanted the concern mentioned in the third preambular paragraph to be reflected in operative paragraph 5* Dr ALAN replied in the affirmative. The CHAIRMAN asked if adoption of Dr Alan f s proposal would serve any useful purpose Since the resolution was a single sentence, the suggestion really amounted to repeating in one part of a sentence an idea which had already been expressed in another part of the same sentence Dr ALAN said he would like the attention of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, the Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme and the United Nations Development Programme Governing Council drawn to WHO'S concern at the decrease in the funds allocated to health projects within the Technical Assistance component of the United Nations Development Programme. He would not insist on his amendment but wanted to draw the attention of the UNDP representative to the question. Mr SIEGEL suggested that operative paragraph 5 be divided into two paragraphs, as follows: "5. REQUESTS the Dir e с tor- General to bring this resolution to the attention of the Secretary-General of the United Nations; 6. REQUESTS the Director-General to express the concern of the World Health Organization to the Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme and to bring this resolution to the attention of the United îîations Development Programme Governing Council". Existing operative paragraph б would then be renumbered 7*

13 -5)9 - EB39/Min/15 Hev J. Dr VENEDIKTOV suggested that in.the first preambular paragraph of the draft resolution proposed for adoption by the Health Assembly the word "prerequisite" be atended to read "condition" He was not sure what operative paragraph 3 of that resolution meant Was the implication that governments were not making sufficient use of the technical services of the Organization, and that WHO was prepared to increase them? The CHAIMAN, supporting Dr Venediktov 1 s proposal, said that the situation would be met if the word "prerequisite" were deleted. Sir George GODBER said that the resolution was drafted in such general terms that it would carry no wei^it» In the United States of America and the United Kingdom, for instance, economic growth would continue with or without improvements in health conditions. At least the word improvements" should be qualified. The CHAIBMNj referring to Dr Venediktov's question concerning operative paragraph said that the idea behind the paragraph v/as to remedy the situation prevailing in шалу countries where health officers were not invited to take part in the preparation and execution of development projects Dr VENEDIKTOV asked whether the technical services at headquarters and the regional offices would be able to meet the additional requests for assistance that might be made as a result of the resolution. What would happen if, say, twenty requests for assistance in the preparation of development projects were received?

14 EB39/Min/15 Rev.l 麵 The DIRECTOR-GENERAL said that the Organization would do its best to help governments within the limits of its possibilities. It was difficult to say what would happen if twenty requests for assistance in the preparation of development projects were received. In such a case, it might be necessary, depending on the priorities established by governments, to defer certain projects already under way. Sir George GODBER proposed the following amendments: (1) that in the first preambular paragraph, the words "Recalling that while improvements in health conditions are desirable in themselves, they are an essential prerequisite for" should be deleted and replaced by: "Recalling that in many countries improvements in health conditions are not only desirable in themselves^ but also essential for"; (2) that in operative paragraph 3, the word "the", before technical services" should be replaced by the word "those" and the words "which are" inserted between the words "services" and "available"; (3) that in operative paragraph 5, the words "and the concern it reflects" be inserted between the words "resolution" and "to". If that amendment were approved there would be no need for an additional operative paragraph The CHAIRMAN thanked Sir George Godber for his suggestions, which satisfactorily settled the questions raised. He invited members to adopt the draft resolution as amended. Decision; The draft resolution, as thus amended, was adopted. 1 1 Resolution EB39.H35.

15 EB39/Min/15 Rev.l The CHAIRMAN invited members to adopt the draft report of the Executive Board on the review of the proposed programme and budget estimates for 1968 (document EE59/^P/5) as amended at the current meeting Decision; The draft report, as amended, was adopted." 1 " The DIRECTOR-GENERAL, referring to Professor Aujaleu 1 s remarks concerning the place to be given in the report to the comments of the Executive Board, suggested that the next time the Standing Committee submitted its report to the Board the Secretariat bring the matter to the attention of the Board and request it to decide what would be che most convenient fôrm for its report. There was no doubt that the Secretariat spoke too much; the staff were always encouraged by members of the Board, and of the Standing Committee to increase the supply of information It was difficult to strike the balance to which reference had been made. If, when the Board analysed the Standing Committee 1 s report, attention was drawn to the need for amplified questions/ he believed that no such problems would arise in the future. 2. DECISIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS,THE SPECIALIZED AGENCIES AND IAEA AFFECTING WHO f S ACTIVITIES: Item 8.1 of the Agenda Properашпе Matters: Item 8,1.1 of the Agenda (Document EBJ9A6) (continued from the fourteenth meeting, section 9) The CHAIRMAN invited the representative of UNICEF to address the Board 1 See Off. Rec, Wld Hlth Or 只 "158,

16 EB39/Min/15 Rev l Sir Herbert BROADLEY (United Nations Children 1 s Fund) said he wished to add a few comments to the introduction made by Dr Bernard at the previous meeting in regard to the section in document ЕВ39/dealing with developments in activities assisted jointly with UNICEF. He wished to emphasize four points arising out of the report, which in the main dealt with the UNICEF Executive Board meeting at Addis Ababa in May The first point was in regard to training. The reference to that question at the bottom of page 3 of the document emphasized the increasing amount of UNICEF's resources which were being devoted to training. The Board might be interested in one or two new decisions taken at the Addis Ababa meeting. A paediatric training centre was to be established in Ankara and would be in addition to the London Institute of Child Health, which was organized jointly with the Bombay Paediatric Centre. There was to be a seminar on pre-school children in the USSR, and a training course in maternity and child health in Warsaw during I967 UNICEF was continuing its support to the training and other activities of the International Children 1 s Centre in Paris Although the average amount of total expenditure spent on training was per cent the figure was not uniform for all UNICEF activities. For instance the percentage spent on training for health services was 46, that on applied nutrition and that on family and child welfare 83. The bulk of UNICEF expenditure on training was within the developing countries themselves, a tendency which it was intended to increase.

17 -54)- EB39/Min/15 Hev.l The second matter to which he wished tc refer was in relation to planning. UNICEF was experiencing the same problems as the WHO secretariat, namely/ the inadequate influence of technicians upon the economic planners. UNICEF was very much concerned in regard to programmes for mothers, children and young people and their inclusion effectively in long-term programmes of economic and social"development. UNICEF had been emphasizing the importance of its staff knowing much more about the economic consequences of the assistance given to children and young people and had recently held a seminar in Paris to which were invited representatives, health officers and planners, from French-speaking African countries. A similar seminar was contemplated for English-speaking African countries. His third point related to the forthcoming meeting of the UNICEF/WHO Joint Committee on Health Policy. It was felt that that would be one of the most important meetings of the Committee which had taken place since the two organizations had been collaborating. The subjects to be reviewed at the meeting were listed on page 5 of the document. The last point to which he wished to refer was the distribution of UNICEF ' s resources There had been reference in the discussions of WHO 1 s Board meeting to the special needs of Africa. Whilst in its early days, UNICEF did not afford much assistance to Africa; at its last Board meeting the allocation for African countries was larger than that for any other continent. In so far as functional distribution was concerned, 65 per cent. of UNICEF's resources were going to health and 15 per cent. to nutrition. The income target for the end of the Development Decade had been fixed

18 fi 59/Miny( : 15 fev.l - 5 糾一 at $ 50 million, current income being $ 35 million. It was hoped that as the target figure was approached the same sort of distribution amongst the various activities undertaken would be maintained. Like WHO, UNICEF had had headquarters troubles; it had lost its place in the United Nations building and had had to hire premises near the United Nations Headquarters That would be an additional item on UNICEF's resources. Dr VENEDIKTOV said, that the members of the United Nations family of organizations, although they enjoyed a certain degree of independence, were not completely autonomous, because technical, scientific, social, political and economic advances were all interrelated and linked with medical and public health development. Work in all those fields had to be co-ordinated and that was being undertaken at the international level (mainly by the various organizations of the United Nations family), and at the national level. The international organizations, despite the differences in their terms of reference, were all working towards the same goal, and collaboration among them had to be intensified, both in their governing bodies and in the field. There were two sides to such collaboration; first, careful study of the decisions of the other organizations> and; secondly, bringing certain matters to the attention of those organizations, as had been done, for example, in the resolution on health and economic development that the Board had just adopted.

19 EB39/Min/15 Rev.l The Director-General was to be congratulated on document EB)9A6, each sentence of which deserved careful study. Referring to part III, he thanked the UNICEF representative for his statement and expressed Ms sympathy to that organization for the loss of its premises. The Economic and Social Council's decisions on the subjects of narcotics, programme evaluation, the status of women, apartheid, etc. and the decisions of the Advisory Committee on Science and Technology all had a bearing on WHO T s work. Both WHO and the Economic and Social Council had adopted resolutions on the population question, and each organization had been influenced, in its work, by the other T s decision. On page the document referred to "studies relating to disarmament, peace and collaboration. Unfortunately, no doubt for technical reasons, the document did not refer to resolution 21б2 (XXI) adopted by the United Nations General Assembly and in which world opinion on the subject of disarmament was reflected. As a doctor, he v/as particularly interested in part В of the resolution, since it was in that part that States were requested to observe the principles and objectives of the Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases and of Bacteriological IVfethods of Warfare. In his view, the members of the Board, as doctors, should welcome General Assembly resolution 2162 (XXI) and bring it to the attention of the World Health Assembly, expressing the hope that its provisions would be implemented. He had prepared a draft resolution on the subject for recommendation to the Health Assembly, and hoped it would receive the support of all Members of the Board.

20 EB59/Min/l5 Rev.l It should be noted that the wording of the first preambular paragraph of his draft would have to be brought into line with that used in the General Assembly resolution The text of his draft resolution read as follows : The Twentieth World Health Assembly, Having considered resolution 2162 (XXI) of the United Nations General Assembly, which notes in particular that weapons of mass annihilation endanger entire mankind; that strict adherence to the norms of international law as to the rules of warfare is in the interests of preservation of the accepted civilization standards; and v/hich calls upon all states to join the signatories of the Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating Poisonous or Other Gases and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, signed in Geneva on 17 June 1925,and to adhere strictly to the principles and aims of the Protocol; Guided by the lofty aims and principles of the Constitution of the World Health Organization, and proceeding from the humane nature of both the Organization and the medical profession in general; Referring to resolutions WHA11.31 and WHA15-51, in which the World Health Assembly already expressed its thorough interest in the consolidation of peace as an inalienable prerequisite for preservation and improvement of the health of all nations; and Deeply convinced that the scientific achievements, and particularly in the field of medicine and biology - that most humane science - should be used for mankind 1 s benefit, but never to do it any harm,

21 EnthusiasticaJJy VIElXOms resolution 2162 (XXI) of the United Nations General Assembly; and 2.- CALLS, UPON all Member States to exert every effort to implement the above-mentioned resolution. Professor GERIC supported the draft resolution wholeheartedly. It was important that WHO should comment on all questions concerning peace and health. Professor MACUCH considered that the draft resolution not only highlighted the wishes of the peoples of the world but also confirmed the humanitarian principles of the Organization. It was not aimed against any country The Organization should support all measures designed to preserve peace. The draft resolution had his full support. Dr RAO supported the draft resolution^ which stated a basic principle on which the health of the human race depended. Health and peace were indivisible. By drawing the attention of the World Health Assembly to the matter the Board would be furthering the cause of humanity» Professor AUJALEU poirroed cut tliat the members of the Board were doctors who had eome to examine technical problems in accordance with a mandate received from the World Health Assembly. There had been no indication in the agenda that the subject of Dr Venediktov 's draft resolution would come up for discussion. There was no reference. in; any of tb.e documents concerning decisions taken by the United Nations and other organizations to the General Assembly resolution to which Dr Venediktov referred. There were organizations competent to deal with the subject to which the

22 EB39/ten/l5 Rev.l resolution referred. The matter had been discussed in the United Nations, at which time all countries had probably stated their point of view. It was normal that the World Health Assembly should discuss non-technical matters. The representatives at that Assembly were government representatives with instructions from their governments on the attitudes tc be adopted to the questions on the Assembly 1 s agenda. He had no competence to discuss a non-technical problem. He had received no instructions on the matter and would not be able to receive instructions. If the representatives at the World Health Assembly wanted to adopt such a resolution they could do so but it was not necessary for the Executive Board, a technical body, to request the Assembly to adopt the resolution He was therefore opposed to the proposed draft resolution. It should be understood, however, that he had made no reference to the substance of the draft resolution. Professor GONZALEZ TORRES, referring to the subject of UNICEF/1/ШО collaboration, thanked UNICEF, which had done so much to promote health development throughout the world and which was co-operating in the very varied programmes being carried out in nearly all countries of the world. Reference was made in document ЕВ39Д6 to very important questions, including the assistance to be given to developing countries in preparing their development plans, the technical and economic assistance to be given to countries requesting such assistance, and the balance to be maintained between economic and health development UNICEF was to be congratulated on the very great assistance it had afforded in all those matters to developing countries.

23 EB39/Min/15 Rev.l Sir George GODBER, referring to the draft resolution prepared by Dr Venediktov, said he was sure that as individuals all members of the Board felt that the purposes behind the resolution were unexceptionable. He wondered, however, whether it was really up to the Board to express a view on part В of General Assembly resolution 2162 (XXI). The interests of ;/HO, or of the Members.of WHO in their capacities as Members of WHO, would not be advanced by the adoption of such a resolution. He was not opposed to it> but clid not consider it served the purpose for which the Board hacl met. Dr RAO congratulated UNICEF on the help it had rendered to the developing countries in basic health services, eradication programmes and child health. Without child health it would be impossible to safeguard the future health of the world The yields from money invested in children were likely to be higher than those from investments in any other section of the population. purely economic point of view, it v/as essential that every child born From the should remain alive. In that connexion, the possible need for fertility control was a question which should be discussed by the UNICEF/VJHO Joint Committee on Health Policy ; The unavoidable death of children should be prevented.. That should be done by thé maternal and child health services and by the provision of advice to mothers on how to plan their families. Nutrition in the family unit depended, entirely 011 the number of mouths to be fed.

24 EB39/ten/l5 Rev.l Referring to the population question, he said that much had been done since 1964 to evaluate the programme of the World Population Conference It had been found that as populations increased the question of food resources had become a challenge to economic development. The benefits of a rise in gross national product were offset by an increase in population^ with the result that the per capita income of the population declined and its state of health deteriorated. The Organization should devote a great deal of attention to the question of population dynamics. Turning to the question of achievement of the objectives of the United Nations Development Decade, he said that the time had come to assess how much had been achieved, the reasons for failure and what would be done in the future. A decision should also be taken on how WHO could play its part in achieving the objectives. Economic and Social Council resolution 1139(XLI), which was annexed to document EB)9A6, was extremely important. Referring to operative paragraph 4 of part I of that resolution, he said that the health of the peoples of the world depended not only on the standard of living but also on general education and the organization of health services. WHO and UNESCO should collaborate in matters relating to education. Unless health education was integrated into all forms of primary and secondary education it would be impossible to change the attitudes of people to various important questions

25 一 EB39/te.n/l5 Hev.l Dr OTOLORIN said jth^^he had carefully read the text of the draft resolution presented by Dr.Venediktov 1 vt ; see whether there was any hidden objective beband it, but there seemed t.o be none ; i t was non-controversial^ its intent was commendable, and members from developing согдпtries would have an interest in supporting its general objective..he was, however^ in considerable doubt as to its effectiveness. People who wished to; wage war paid no heed to resolutions: if it were otherwise, war would have ceased to exist.. 工 f by adopting., the.draft resolution it яоим be possible to dissuade Member States from using biological methods of. warfare foî^vthe destruction: of:mankind he would be ready to support it.. He pointed out,.however, that even if doctors, refused to engage in..s.uch an activity there were other scientists whcr-would.be willing^ t âo.s If all that the: draft resolia^llon sought to do. was to : call upon all Member States ^to exert every effort to. implemen.t resolution (XXI)- of the Onited Nations General - Assembly^ he would point out- tliat that ha<i be 邸 done, already, since operàtive paragraph.2 of part В of that resolution, which invited all States to accede to the Geneva Protocol of 17 June.19^5у was addressed to the same States sis were represented in the World Health Assembly;,: Dr VENEDIKTOV 5 referring to Professor Aujaleu*s remark that the matter was not on the Board ' s agenda, and his doubts as to whether it was competent to deal with it, said that it concerned a United Nations General Assembly resolution _ /, ; affecting WHO's activities л In his opinion, it was perfectly in order for the Director-General^ a member of the Board or a representative of any specialized agency to draw attention to any such resolution.

26 EB39/Min/15 Rev.l In his draft resolution^ the matter had been presented entirely from the technical point of view. He was well aware that Board members were not government representatives and did not deal with political problems, and it was for that very reason that the draft resolution had been worded as it had. The Organization was undertaking considerable work in various fields of medicine and biology, and was co-operating and exchanging experience at the international level in bacteriology, virology and the study of new tropical diseases for the welfare of mankind* It could well be imagined what that co-operation would lead to, if its results were used for the arms race. The matter was very important also from the point of view of medical ethics, on which subject a congress had recently been held in France. Medical ethics had been discussed several times in WHO, and resolutions had been adopted which were referred to in his draft resolution. The medical profession had always been against war - and that fact could not be stated too often. In times of war doctors of the Red Cross had always commanded respect from both sides- because they saved lives. If medical units were to adopt a combatant role, the result would be disastrous. He was grateful to Dr Otolorin for having pointed out that the resolution contained no hidden intentions He had no illusions as to the outcome for the immediate future; there was no likelihood that warlike acts would at once cease However, there had been occasions when persons who had violated international ethical standards had been brought before a tribunal. made, and if not now by WHO, then by whom, and when? A step forward had to be To quote the words of the

27 EB59/Min/15 Rev. late President Kennedy, "Let f s begin" As a person concerned with problems of international collaboration and of public heálth, and as a citizen of certain country, his position was quite clear. He knew that the road would be long. But if, as doctors, the members of the Board refused to voice their views, on a purely technical basis/ what would the future hold? The CHAIRMAN requested members to complete discussion of document EB)9/^ , i...., before continuing their consideration of the draft resolution presented by Dr Venediktov Professor GERl6, referring to part V, section 10, which concerned the International Tourist Year/ noted that WHO had drawn the attention of bôth the v. Economic and Social Council and the United Nations General Assembly to the health and medical aspects of the facilitation of travel and tourism, and had offered to co-operate in the activities of thé Year. Tourism was a modern phenomenon, in which a tremendous movement of people was involved, having considerable гёрег-' eussions on health. WHO should give assistance, particularly to cóuntries that had not had long experience in the matter Tonrism contributed to the health of mankind and represented an important source of revenue for the national economy. It did^ however, impose important tasks upon the health authorities, in which the Organization 1 s help was needed. He asked what part it would play in that respect.

28 EB39/Min/15 Rev.l Dr - BERNARD, Assistant Director-General, said that the Secretariat had noted with interest the remarks that had been made on the document. Dr Venediktov, Professor González Torres and Dr Alan had all emphasized the importance of the joint UNICEP/WHO activities, and Dr Rao had stressed the place that should be given to maternal and child health services from the economic and social point of view, as well as from that of health. The Board would have noted that maternal and child health had been one of the subjects discussed by the UNICEF Executive Board at its meeting in Addis Ababa, at which the representative of WHO had assured UNICEF that it would offer that organization all possible technical advice to promote the development of activities in that field. It would have been noted from the report of the Standing Committee on Administration and Finance that the Programme Evaluation unit had recently completed an evaluation on Jointly-assisted maternal and child health programmes, and tne UNICEP/WHO Joint Committee on Health Policy would also consider the question. Dr Rao had emphasized that the success of the United Nations Development Decade... had not been sufficiently great. The Director-General had, in his address to the United Nations Economic and Social Council in August 1966, himself stated that, in spite of some successful efforts, the major objectives had not been realized. For that reason consultations in which WHO was participating, had already begun under the auspices of the Administrative Committee on Co-ordination to consider measures for accelerating development through activities that would yield more fruitful results during the present Decade and improvements during the Decade to come.

29 EB39/Min/15 Rev.l With reference to operative paragraph 4 of part I of Economic and Social Council resolution 1159 (XLI), to which Dr Rao had referred, WHO was very actively associated with the new orientation of the Commission for Social Development with its health component, in which maternal and child health,- as Dr Rao had rightly emphasized, would have an important place. In reply to Professor Geric, he said that the International Tourist Year was being organized chiefly in co-operation with the International Union of Official Travel Organizations, which had done the preliminary planning. In correspondence and preparatory meetings WHO had offered its full co-operation, and had emphasized the aspects that it considered important : prevention of transmission of communicable diseases occasioned by tourist movements, environmental health, hygienic accommodation and the fact that if appropriate measures of health protection were adopted, tourism could play a considerable role in economic and social developnent and in nealth. WHO's effort in that field was essentially one of education. The CHAIRMAN asked the Board whether it was prepared 0 consider a draft resolution at that point on the document it had just discussed. Dr VENEDIKTOV said that, although he would welcome tne adoption of such a resolution, he would like the draft resolution that he himself had introduced to be considered beforehand. Professor AUJALEU asked, whether, the subject introduced by Dr Venediktov reallyappeared on the Board s agenda

30 EB39/Min/15 Rev.l The DIRECTOR-GENERAL said that the agenda item concerned was decisions of the United Nations, the specialized agencies and IAEA affecting WHO 1 s activities^ the last three words being the governing words. The introduction to document EB39/46 stated that the report recorded for the information of the Board the principal decisions of the United Nations, specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency on programme matters that affected the activities of WHO. In examining the resolutions and decisions of the various bodies the Secretariat had selected what it considered to be the principal decisions, but any member of the Board could, of course, draw attention to other matters, and it was for the Board to decide what it should consider. A similar problem had arisen in connexion with decisions of the Health Assembly and the Executive Board brought before the regional committees, and at the recent session of the Regional Committee for Europe attention had been drawn to some that had been omitted. It was not possible to bring up all the resolutions that had been adopted, and the question had been largely one of judgement to decide what were the principal resolutions Questions such as apartheid, studies relating to disarmament, and the effects of atomic radiation had been included, since they had been considered to have a direct bearing on the Organization 1 s work. Professor GONZALEZ TORRES wondered whether the Board should not first deal with the document it had first received, and which covered the agenda item in a general way, before passing on to the specific point raised by Dr Venediktov. The CHAIRMAN said that there di not appear to be any difficulty in dealing with ths two matters in any order the Board wished, and he had no strong feelings -m on the matter. Since Dr Venediktov had asked that his draft resolution should be taken first, that could be done if there was no objection.

31 -557 ЕВ5Э/ШЬ/15 Rev.l Professor GONZALEZ TORRES said tl^t he had no objection, and had only wished to know whether there was any provision in the Board f s Rules of Procedure concerning the order that';.should be followed in such a case. The CHAIRMAN invited the Board to proceed with its consideration of the draft resolution submitted by Dr Venediktov. Dr MARTINEZ wholeheartedly supported that draft resolution. Dr QUIRÓS also supported the draft resolution. It had been said that the subject was a political one, but, as the Director-General had indicated, there were certain such subjects in which health was involved and from which it could not be separated. The criminal explosion of atomic weapons and the excessive expenditure on armaments had adverse effects on public health. The DIRECTOR -GENERAL said that when he had mentioned the questions of the effects of atomic radiation and the studies relating to disarmament he had been referring only to their influence on WHO'S work. The Organization took part in the work of the Inter-Agency Committee on Economic and Social Consequences of Disarmament, and in the case of atomic energy it made a contribution with other agencies to the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. In mentioning those activities he had been trying to indicate that the Secretariat attempted tp bring up the subjects related to the Organization 1 s work.

32 EB39/Min/15 Rev.l The CHAIRMN said that Dr Venediktov had asked that the first paragraph of the preamble to the draft resolution he had proposed be amended to bring it into conformity with United Nations General Assembly resolution 2162 (XXI). It would also be necessary to bring the proposed Health Assembly resolution into a resolution of the Executive Board, the preamble to which might read: "The Executive Board, Having considered resolution 21б2 (XXI) of the United Nations Assembly, General RECOMMENDS Sir George GODBER said that, although he considered that the Board was not the place to utter it, the sentiment in Dr Venediktov f s draft was entirely laudable, and. if it went to the vote he would support it. Professor AUJALEU said that he was not opposed in principle, particularly bearing in mind the fact that his Government had signed the 1925 Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, but the Board was not the right body to deal with such a matter. There was nothing to prevent the Health Assembly from dealing with it if it wished, since governments were represented in it, but the Board was a technical body. Dr VENEDIKTOV expressed his gratitude for the remarks made by Sir George Godber and Professor Aujaleu. He was aware that France had been one of the signatories of the Protocol. All the matters mentioned in the draft resolution he had proposed came within the Organizatior^s competence, and it was important for it to state its opinion-

33 EB39/Min/15 Rev. ' The CHAIRMAN agreed with what Dr Otolorin had said. Although he could not say that the matter was entirely outside the general area in which the Board was concerned, it was a marginal case that could easily lead to a feeling on the part of those who read the resolution that the Board had somehow lost sight of its prime purpose. He would have preferred the matter to be referred to the Health Assembly, but since he concurred in the sentiments expressed, he would associate himself with Sir George Godber and vote in favour. Dr RAO proposed the deletion of the word "lofty" from the second paragraph of :. - - '. ; : ' _. > the preamble, and of the word "enthusiastioally" from operative paragraph 1; those words made the text appear somewhat emotional. Dr VENEDIKTOV" accepted that proposal. The CHAIRMAN suggested that the words "that most humane science" in the fourth paragraph of the preamble should also be deleted. Dr VENEDIKTOV sai4 th^-.t he must defend the retention of that phrase, since medicine was indeed the most humane science. Sir George GODBER pointed out that, as it stood, the paragraph referred to ; biology as being "that most humane science" The CHAIRMAN suggested that the resolution be redrafted.to take in the various points Dr VENEDIKTOV agreed with tnat suggestion.

34 EB39/Min/15 Rev.l -5бО - The DEPUTY DIRECTOR-GENERAL, at the invitation of the CHAIRMAN, read out the following text, revised as suggested: The Executive Board, Having considered resolution 21б2 (XXI) of the General Assembly of the United Nations, RECOMMENDS to the Twentieth World Health Assembly the adoption of the following resolution: "The Twentieth World Health Assembly, Having considered resolution 2162 (XXI) of the United Nations General Assembly which notes in particular that weapons of mass destruction constitute a danger to all mankind; that strict adherence to the norms of international law on the conduct of warfare is in the interests of maintaining these standards of civilization; and which calls upon ail States to join the signatories of the Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, signed in Geneva on 17 June 1925, and to adhere strictly to the principles and aims of the Protocol; Guided by the aims and principles of the Constitution of the World Health Organization, and proceeding from the humane nature of both the Organization and the medical profession in general; Referring to resolutions WHAII.3I and WHA15Л in which the World Health Assembly already expressed its thorough interest in the consolidation of peace as an inalienable prerequisite for preservation and improvement of the health of all nations; and Deeply convinced that the scientific achievements, and particularly In the field of biology and medicine - that most humane science - should be used only for mankind r s benefit, but never to do it алу harm, 1. WELCOMES resolution 2162 (XXI) of the United Nations General Assembly; and 2. CALLS UPON all Member States to exert every effort to implement the above-mentioned resolution." Decision: The draft resolution was adopted by 18 votes to none, with 1 abstention. 1 1 Resolution EB39*R36.