Also by Chiara Bottici A PHILOSOPHY OF POLITICAL MYTH

Transcription

1 Men and States

2 Also by Chiara Bottici A PHILOSOPHY OF POLITICAL MYTH

3 Men and States Rethinking the Domestic Analogy in a Global Age Chiara Bottici Department of Philosophy University of Florence, Italy Translation from the Italian by Karen Whittle

4 Chiara Bottici 2009 English translation Karen Whittle 2009 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act Published in Italian 2004 English translation published 2009 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number , of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave and Macmillan are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bottici, Chiara. [Uomini e stati. English.] Men and states: rethinking the domestic analogy in a global age / Chiara Bottici; translation from the Italian by Karen Whittle. p. cm. Translated from the Italian. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN International relations. 2. Political science Philosophy. I. Title. JZ1305.B dc

5 to all the expectant mothers who made this book possible

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7 Contents Preface to the English Edition Acknowledgements Introduction 1 1 The Domestic Analogy The origins of the debate Analogical reasoning and the domestic analogy Disentangling the domestic analogy 26 2 The Domestic Analogy in Modern Political Thought Hobbes and the realist tradition Kant and the idealist tradition Grotius and the rationalist tradition 68 3 The Domestic Analogy in Contemporary Theories Neoidealism Neorealism Neoinstitutionalism Beyond the three traditions: Constructivism, postmodernism, feminism and marxism 115 Epilogue: The Domestic Analogy in the Global Era 133 Notes 142 Bibliography 154 Index 166 ix xi vii

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9 Preface to the English Edition This book is the revised and expanded English version of a book that was published in Italian in 2004 under the title Uomini e Stati: Percorsi di un analogia (Pisa, ETS). For this edition, the text has undergone a considerable amount of revision. All chapters have been updated with references to more recent literature, whereas more substantial work has been done on Chapter 1 and an entire new section has been added to Chapter 3. In particular, the discussions raised by the Italian book made me realise that I needed to spell out more explicitly the disciplinary boundaries of this work. In the English edition I have therefore tried to make it explicit that, in all of its parts, this has been conceived as both a work on political philosophy and international relations theory. As will become clear later on, this work is based on the assumption that, particularly today, in an epoch of globalisation, we need to rethink the boundaries between these disciplines while heading towards a new form of global political theory. The re-writing of Chapter 1 resulted in a new organisation of the chapters: sections 1.2 and 1.3 of the Italian version have been merged into a single chapter, while the remaining two chapters have been expanded. Chapters 2 and 3 have also been updated and expanded, while section 3.4 has been written afresh for this edition. The debate caused by the book made me aware that I needed to show in more detail how contemporary thinking has gone, so to speak, beyond the three traditions of international thought identified by M. Wight many years ago, as well as how this is reflected in a different attitude towards the domestic analogy. Finally, I would like to add two linguistic remarks. First, the reader will notice that in many parts of this work, the text is not feminised. This reflects the awareness that in most of the theories analysed in this book the domestic analogy is an analogy between men and states and not between human beings and states. The inconsistencies between the different parts of the texts, and in particular between quotations from earlier authors and the rest of the text, are a way to signal the problem. Similarly, oscillations between the capitalised and non-capitalised substantive term State are meant to signal the differences that arise ix

10 x Preface to the English Edition among the different theories as to the nature of the state. The fact that the capitalised State once prevailed and now seems to have almost disappeared is perhaps no coincidence: it is in an epoch of globalisation, when boundaries are challenged, that the very nature of the state is questioned. The inconsistencies between the quotations from earlier authors and other parts of the text are the sign that the debate as to the nature of the state is still open. A similar strategy has been adopted for the term God. With regard to the system of quotations, references to ancient classical texts are made using the system title plus reference. For example, Nicomachean Ethics, 1131 a30 indicates passage 1131 a30 of Aristotle s Nicomachean Ethics. More recent texts are quoted using the system author plus year of the consulted edition plus chapter (when preceded by a comma) and/or page number (when preceded by a colon). For instance, Hobbes 1968, VI: 118 indicates Hobbes s Leviathan, Chapter VI, page 118, while Waltz 1959: 44 indicates page 44 of Waltz s Man, the State and War. Quotations of foreign texts are usually taken from their English translations, as indicated in the bibliography. In the case of texts that have not been translated, they have been translated by the English translator and indicated as such in the text. I am very grateful to Alessandro Cecchieri for taking care of the translations from Latin.

11 Acknowledgements This book, which originated from my Tesi di Laurea in Political Philosophy awarded by the University of Florence, is the result of research and discussions carried out at various universities in Italy and Europe: the University of Florence, the University of Pisa, the European University Institute in Fiesole, the London School of Economics, the Humboldt University of Berlin and the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen. I would like to thank everyone who took part in these activities, thereby making a contribution to this endeavour. First of all, Furio Cerutti who, in addition to pointing me towards studying this topic, has given me support in various ways over the years, constantly urging me to strengthen my arguments through his criticism. I would also like to thank all the other members of the Political Philosophy Research Group at the University of Florence, with whom I have had many opportunities over these years to discuss various parts of this work in particular Claudia Attucci, Renata Badii, Dimitri d Andrea, Elena Pulcini, Debora Spini and Monica Toraldo di Francia. Among the fruits of our teamwork, I would like to point out the volume entitled Filosofie della globalizzazione, edited by Dimitri D Andrea and Elena Pulcini (Pisa, ETS, 2001), containing my essay on globalisation, sovereignty and anarchy referred to on several occasions in this book, and the special issue of Quaderni Forum on Guerra e conflitto. Trasformazioni nell età globale, edited by Renata Badii, where my essay on war and conflict in a globalising world first appeared. Among the other people who have contributed to this undertaking in various ways, I am also obliged to Massimo Mugnai for his suggestions on the logic of analogy; to Dimitri d Andrea for sharing with me his meticulous knowledge of Hobbes s texts; to Augusta Marchini, Anna Loretoni, Thomas Pogge, Otfried Hoeffe and Katrin Flikschuh for reading and commenting on the chapter on Kant, a version of which appeared in the December 2003 Journal of Political Philosophy under the title The Domestic Analogy and the Kantian Project of Perpetual Peace. A German version of the same paper was also presented and discussed at the Globale Gerechtigkeit/Global Justice conference held in Florence from 6 to 9 December 2001 and published by Frommann-Holzboog among the conference papers edited by J-Ch. Merle. xi

12 xii Acknowledgements I would also like to thank Mouloud Boumghar for reading and commenting on the parts dealing with international law issues. Regarding the chapters on contemporary international relations theories, I benefited from the precious suggestions of Sonia Lucarelli, Rodolfo Ragionieri and Jan Zielonka. The theories upheld in the epilogue to this book are taken in part from the essay Globalisation: Sovereignty or Anarchy beyond Modernity? (Florence, EUI Working Papers, November 2002), which I discussed on several occasions with Carol Gould, Peter Wagner and Gianfranco Poggi. I am also grateful to all of them for their comments and critical observations. Finally, for reading the entire work, I am grateful to Luca Baccelli, Alessandro Cecchieri, Benoit Challand, Marco Galvagni and Danilo Zolo, whose support has been fundamental in encouraging me to pursue this undertaking.

13 Figure 1 Frontispiece of Thomas Hobbes s Leviathan (1651).