POLI 2509: International Relations of South Asia Fall 2018

Transcription

1 POLI 2509: International Relations of South Asia Fall 2018 Dr. Frank O Donnell Time: MWF 2:00-2:50pm Phone: Room: Campion Hall francis.odonnell@bc.edu Office Hours: Tu 11am-12pm Office: McGuinn 204E Th 1:30-2:30pm Course Introduction and Objectives This course offers an overview of South Asian international relations and security issues. The course will firstly introduce theories of international relations and the more specific concepts of hegemony and regional security complexes. It will next explore the structure of South Asia as a regional security complex, including the foreign policy approaches of each state within this system, and the role of South Asian institutions. We will then investigate regional human security issues, including those related to economic development, water security, energy security, and climate change. Next, we will study security challenges as they arise from patterns of terrorism, insurgency, conventional war, and nuclear strategy. The course will conclude by assessing the implications of the historical and contemporary involvement of the United States, USSR/Russia, and China in the region. Weekly Course Reading All weekly course readings will be available through the course website on Canvas. Course readings are drawn primarily from book excerpts, academic journal articles, and policy articles. It is your responsibility to ensure that you acquire all of the readings necessary for the class. Students are expected to come to class with the readings completed for the first day for which the reading is listed on the syllabus, in order to follow lectures thoroughly, engage in class discussions, and complete the reading quizzes. Events are happening quickly in this subject, and you will be expected to maintain a high degree of awareness of contemporary developments, and come to class ready to share your analysis. Particularly recommended news sources include: Indian Express The Hindu Dawn Financial Times (available through BC library online login) South Asian Voices The Diplomat Foreign Policy War on the Rocks Especially the War on the Rocks South Asia-specific Southern (Dis)Comfort article series 1

2 Course Requirements and Grading A summary table of all assignments can be found on page 3. These constitute two short-answer reading quizzes throughout the semester, a news analysis article, a research paper, and a final essay exam. Late assignments will be penalized one grade per day late. The participation grade takes into account the quality not just the quantity of your discussion, as well as attendance. The breakdown of grading is: 1. Reading Quizzes 15% 2. Participation 10% 3. News Analysis Article 15% 4. Research Essay 30% 5. Final Essay Exam 30% Attendance and Participation As an essential element of the learning process, students are expected to attend and participate in all classes. This means that you should arrive punctually, reading in hand and prepared in advance, be attentive to lectures, and participate actively in discussions. Obviously, regular participation requires regular attendance. If you miss more than two class sessions (except when excused in reasonable cases of documented medical or family emergencies), your participation grade will be negatively affected. Respect and Discussion Rules The study of international politics addresses complex and often contentious issues. Students should feel free to share their comments and questions in class and respect the right of their colleagues to do the same. In order to foster an atmosphere of thought, learning, and discussion, it is important that students express themselves in an appropriate manner, listen, and learn from the debates at hand. Academic Integrity and Plagiarism Academic integrity is an essential component of the university community. It is necessary to acknowledge the work and ideas of those that have gone before you with proper and consistent citations. Plagiarism is a serious offence, and no forms of borrowing without acknowledgement are acceptable. If it is suspected that you have misrepresented another s work as your own, it will be investigated and punished accordingly. It is your responsibility to familiarize yourself with the academic code. In general, plagiarism consists of knowingly using the ideas or work of others as if they were your own. This can involve but is in no way limited to using a paper purchased on the internet or written by another student, or failing to cite ideas or information obtained from published sources, including online sources. Please familiarize yourself with the Boston College Code of Academic Integrity (see link) and see me if you have questions: 2

3 Disability Accommodations If you are a student with a documented disability seeking reasonable accommodations in this course, please contact Kathleen Duggan, (617) , dugganka@bc.edu, at the Connors Family Learning Center regarding learning disabilities and ADHD, or disabsrv@bc.edu, (617) , in the Disability Services Office regarding all other types of disabilities, including temporary disabilities. Advance notice and appropriate documentation are required for accommodations. Course Requirements Assignment Date Percentage Purpose In-Class Reading Quiz 1 September 19 5% Assess command of course material up to and including South Asia as a regional security complex In-Class Reading Quiz 2 October 3 5% Assess command of course material up to and including sources of Pakistani foreign and security policy News Analysis October 29 15% Evaluate knowledge of current events relating to South Asia and successful application of analytic framework In-Class Reading Quiz 3 November 12 5% Assess command of course material up to and including conventional conflicts in South Asia Research Essay November 30 30% Assess knowledge of course materials and analytical skills Final In-Class Essay Exam December 19 30% Assess knowledge of course materials and analytical skills Participation % Develop reading comprehension, critical thinking, and analytical skills Assignments must be submitted in hard copy by the date and time noted on the syllabus and typed in standard format: Double-spaced with one-inch margins, 12-point Times New Roman font. You must use consistent and accurate citations in the citation style of your choice (footnotes or parenthetical). Please make sure that your essays are cleanly edited and free of spelling and grammar mistakes. Late essays will be knocked down one grade per day late. Of course, extraordinary circumstances may arise beyond a student s control. In such rare cases, please notify me as soon as possible (and before the assignment is due) so that we may find an acceptable solution. If you have any questions about citations, please consult with me. For citation formatting guides, see: 3

4 News Analysis Article Utilizing the recommended news sources above, identify a recent policy development or event of relevance to international political and/or security in South Asia. Briefly outline the nature of the development, before analyzing its significance for the states involved and the broader South Asian regional context. You are expected to employ at least one of the theoretical paradigms or concepts introduced to date in the course (realism, liberalism, constructivism, hegemony, balancing/bandwagoning, and regional security complexes) to strengthen your analysis. The article should be three pages long and formatted as outlined above. Research Essay Questions Select one of these six essay questions to answer. The essay should be twelve pages long and formatted as outlined above. If you wish to modify your essay question, please come discuss your proposed modification with me during office hours first. You are also welcome to submit your essay earlier in the term, before the deadline of November Can the India-Pakistan dispute be best explained by a) realist competition for power, or b) constructivist clashes of contrasting state identities? Select and support one argument, and critique the alternative explanation as part of your answer. 2. Can India be described as the regional hegemon of South Asia? If not, what factors limit it from this status? 3. Why are international regional institutions underdeveloped in South Asia? 4. Discuss current human security issues in South Asia, and how these can impact state and international security. In your answer, utilize specific examples drawn from the region. 5. Are current trends in Indian and Pakistani military nuclear policies stabilizing or destabilizing for international security? 6. Select one external power from the US, Russia or China. What are the factors driving the involvement of this state in South Asia, and does the nature of this involvement enhance or diminish regional security? 4

5 Course Structure Week 1 (8/27-8/31): Course Introduction and South Asia s Importance to Global Security Mon Aug 27: Course Overview, Syllabus Pickup, Course Q&A Wed Aug 29: Introduction to Major Course Themes: India as a Rising Power, the India-Pakistan Dispute George Perkovich, Is India a Major Power?, Washington Quarterly, Vol. 27, No. 1 (Winter ), pp Feroz Hassan Khan, Reducing the Risk of Nuclear War in South Asia, in Henry D. Sokolski, ed., Pakistan's Nuclear Future: Reining in the Risk (Carlisle, PA: US Army War College Press, 2009), pp Fri Aug 31: Introduction to Major Course Themes: Regional Insecurity Arising from Weak State Capacity, Involvement of External Powers in the Region Barnett R. Rubin, Saving Afghanistan, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 86, No. 1 (Jan.-Feb., 2007), pp , Devin Thorne and Ben Spevack, Harbored Ambitions: How China s Port Investments are Strategically Reshaping the Indo-Pacific (Washington DC: C4ADS, 2018), pp Week 2 (09/05-09/07): State Formation in Modern South Asia Mon Sep 3: No Class Labor Day Wed Sep 5: Independence and State Formation in India and Pakistan Barbara D. Metcalf and Thomas R. Metcalf, A Concise History of Modern India (Second Edition) (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006), pp T.V. Paul, State Capacity and South Asia s Perennial Insecurity Problems, in T.V. Paul, ed., South Asia s Weak States: Understanding the Regional Insecurity Predicament (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2010), pp Fri Sep 7: Political and Security Impacts of State Formation and Consolidation Processes in South Asia Week 3 (09/10-09/14): Understanding International Relations: Theoretical Approaches Mon Sep 10: Introduction to Theoretical Approaches to International Relations; Realism and South Asia Kenneth N. Waltz, Structural Realism after the Cold War, International Security, Vol. 25, No. 1 (Summer 2000), pp Michael W. Doyle, Three Pillars of the Liberal Peace, American Political Science Review, Vol. 99, No. 3 (August 2005), pp Alexander Wendt, Anarchy is what States Make of it: The Social Construction of Power Politics, International Organization, Vol. 46, No. 2 (Spring 1992), pp

6 Wed Sep 12: Liberalism and South Asia Fri Sep 14: Constructivism and South Asia Week 4 (09/17-09/21): Understanding International Relations: Hegemony, Regional Security Complexes, and South Asia Mon Sep 17: South Asia as a Regional Security Complex Barry Buzan and Ole Waever, Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003), pp , Goda Dirzauskaite and Nicolae Cristinel Ilinca, Understanding Hegemony in International Relations Theories (Aalborg, Denmark: Aalborg University, 2017), pp Ashok K. Behuria, Smruti S. Pattanaik, and Arvind Gupta, Does India Have a Neighbourhood Policy?, Strategic Analysis, Vol. 36, No. 2 (March 2012), pp Arijit Mazumdar, India s South Asia Policy in the Twenty-First Century: New Approach, Old Strategy, Contemporary Politics, Vol. 18, No. 3 (September 2012), pp Wed Sep 19: In-Class Reading Quiz One, then Hegemonic Systems in International Relations Fri Sep 21: Hegemonic Systems and India s Role in South Asia Week 5 (09/24-09/28): Indian Foreign and Security Policy Mon Sep 24: History of Indian Foreign and Security Policy Shyam Saran, How India Sees the World: Kautilya to the 21 st Century (New Delhi: Juggernaut Books, 2017), pp , Chris Ogden, Tone Shift: India s Dominant Foreign Policy Aims under Modi, Indian Politics & Policy, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Spring 2018), pp Daniel Markey, Developing India s Foreign Policy Software, Asia Policy, No. 8 (July 2009), pp Wed Sep 26: Indian Foreign and Security Policy Under Modi Fri Sep 28: Delivering Indian Policy Outcomes and the State Capacity Question Week 6 (10/1-10/5): Pakistani Foreign and Security Policy Mon Oct 1: Sources of Pakistani Foreign and Security Policy T.V. Paul, Causes of the India-Pakistan Enduring Rivalry, in T.V. Paul, ed., The India-Pakistan Conflict: An Enduring Rivalry (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005), pp Aqil Shah, The Army and Democracy: Military Politics in Pakistan (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015), pp John W. Garver, Protracted Contest: Sino-Indian Rivalry in the Twentieth Century (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001), pp

7 C. Christine Fair and Sumit Ganguly, Five Dangerous Myths about Pakistan, Washington Quarterly, Vol. 38, No. 4 (Winter 2016), pp Wed Oct 3: In-Class Reading Quiz Two, then Practice of Pakistani Foreign and Security Policy Fri Oct 5: Class Debate: The Future of the US-Pakistan Relationship Week 7 (10/10-10/12): Smaller States in the South Asian System Mon Oct 8: No Class Fall Break Wed Oct 10: Regional Systemic Challenges for South Asia s Small States Christian Wagner, Security Cooperation in South Asia: Overview, Reasons, Prospects (SWP Research Paper 6) (Berlin: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, 2014), pp Smruti S. Pattanaik, India s Neighbourhood Policy: Perceptions from Bangladesh, Strategic Analysis, Vol. 35, No. 1 (January 2011), pp Avinash Paliwal, Afghanistan s India-Pakistan Dilemma: Advocacy Coalitions in Weak States, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, Vol. 29, No. 2 (2016), pp Nilanthi Samaranayake, Island States in a Region of Great Powers, in David Michel and Ricky Passarelli, eds., Sea Change: Evolving Maritime Geopolitics in the Indo-Pacific Region (Washington DC: Stimson Center, 2014) pp Fri Oct 11: State Capacity Challenges for South Asia s Small States Week 8 (10/15-10/19): International Institutions in the South Asian and Indian Ocean Regions Mon Oct 15: Liberalism, International Institutions, and South Asia Kripa Sridharan, Regional Organisations and Conflict Management: Comparing ASEAN and SAARC (Crisis States Working Papers Series No. 2, Working Paper 33) (London: London School of Economics Crisis States Research Centre, 2008), pp Joshy M. Paul, Emerging Security Architecture in the Indian Ocean Region: Policy Options for India, Maritime Affairs, Vol. 7, No. 1 (Summer 2011), pp Constantino Xavier, Bridging the Bay of Bengal: Toward a Stronger BIMSTEC (New Delhi: Carnegie India, 2018), pp Wed Oct 17: Evaluating the Effectiveness of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Fri Oct 19: Evaluating Other Regional Institutions in South Asia, and the Future of Institutional Development 7

8 Week 9 (10/22-10/26): Regional Human Security Issues Mon Oct 22: Understanding Human Security and its Impacts on International Relations Khadija Haq, Human Development Challenges in South Asia, Journal of Human Development, Vol. 1, No. 1 (2000), pp Margaret Alston, Introduction: Women, Political Struggles and Activism Exploring the Lives of Women in South Asia, in Margaret Alston, ed., Women, Political Struggles and Gender Equality in South Asia (Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014), pp Mannava V.K. Sivakumar and Robert Stefanski, Climate Change in South Asia, in Rattan Lal, Mannava V.K. Sivakumar, S.M.A. Faiz, A.H.M. Mustafizur Rahman, and Khandakar R. Islam, eds., Climate Change and Food Security in South Asia (New York: Springer, 2011), pp Brahma Chellaney, Water, Peace, and War: Confronting the Global Water Crisis (New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2013), pp Charles K. Ebinger, Energy and Security in South Asia: Cooperation or Conflict? (Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2011), pp Students should also familiarize themselves with the United Nations 2016 International Human Development Indicators for each of the eight South Asian states. This is accessible by clicking on the link For each country, access that page and click on the Download Country Explanatory Note button on the top right of the page, to obtain detailed information regarding the quality of human security in that state, as well as how its level of human security compares internationally. Wed Oct 24: Gender and Economic Inequality in South Asia Fri Oct 26: Resource Pressures: Climate Change, Water, and Energy Week 10 (10/29-11/2): Terrorism and Insurgencies in South Asia Mon Oct 29: News Analysis Articles due for submission in class, then Terrorism and Insurgency Challenges in South Asia Sarah J. Watson and C. Christine Fair, India s Stalled Internal Security Reforms, India Review, Vol. 12, No. 4 (2013), pp Ayesha Siddiqa, Pakistan s Counterterrorism Strategy: Separating Friends from Enemies, Washington Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 1 (Winter 2011), pp Karl W. Eikenberry, The Limits of Counterinsurgency Doctrine in Afghanistan: The Other Side of the COIN, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 92, No. 5 (September/October 2013), pp , Bibhu Prasad Routray, India: Fleeting Attachment to the Counterinsurgency Grand Strategy, Small Wars & Insurgencies, Vol. 28, No. 1 (2017), pp Wed Oct 31: Counterterrorism in South Asia: Practices and Effectiveness Fri Nov 2: Counterinsurgency in South Asia: Practices and Effectiveness 8

9 Week 11 (11/5-11/9): Conventional Conflicts in South Asia Mon Nov 5: Understanding Limited War Jeffrey A. Larsen, Limited War and the Advent of Nuclear Weapons, in Jeffrey A. Larsen and Kerry M. Kartchner, eds., On Limited Nuclear War in the 21st Century (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2014), pp Walter C. Ladwig III, A Cold Start for Hot Wars? The Indian Army s New Limited War Doctrine, International Security, Vol. 32, No. 3 (Winter 2007/8), pp Frank O Donnell, Stabilizing Sino-Indian Security Relations: Managing Strategic Rivalry After Doklam (Beijing: Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy, 2018) pp Sushant Singh, Army Ammunition Stock Faces Critical Shortfall to Sustain 10 Days of War Fighting: CAG Report, Indian Express, July 22, Wed Nov 7: India, Pakistan, and Limited War Fri Nov 9: India, China, and Limited War Week 12 (11/12-11/16): Nuclear South Asia Mon Nov 12: In-Class Reading Quiz Three, then Understanding Nuclear Deterrence S. Paul Kapur, India and Pakistan s Unstable Peace: Why Nuclear South Asia Is Not Like Cold War Europe, International Security, Vol. 30, No. 2 (Fall 2005), pp Frank O Donnell, Reconsidering Minimum Deterrence in South Asia: Indian Responses to Pakistan s Tactical Nuclear Weapons, Contemporary Security Policy, Vol. 38 Issue 1 (2017), pp Manjeet S. Pardesi, China s Nuclear Forces and Their Significance to India, Nonproliferation Review, Vol. 21, Nos. 3-4 (2014), pp Christopher Clary and Ankit Panda, Safer at Sea? Pakistan s Sea-Based Deterrent and Nuclear Weapons Security, Washington Quarterly, Vol. 40, No. 3 (Fall 2017), pp Wed Nov 14: Nuclear Deterrence Challenges in South Asia, Fri Nov 16: Nuclear Deterrence Challenges in South Asia, 2011-Present Week 13 (11/19): External Powers: US Policy Approaches in South Asia Mon Nov 19: US Policy toward South Asia in the Cold War Ashley J. Tellis, The Transforming US-Indian Relationship and its Significance for American Interests (Washington DC: Nonproliferation Education Policy Center, 2006) pp Ramesh Thakur, American Policy in South Asia: Regional Fallout of Global Strategy, Political Science, Vol. 36 No. 2 (December 1984), pp Moeed Yusuf and Jason A. Kirk, Keeping an Eye on South Asian Skies: America s Pivotal Deterrence in Nuclearized India-Pakistan Crises, Contemporary Security Policy, Vol. 27, No. 2 (2016), pp

10 Harsh V. Pant and Yogesh Joshi, Indo-US Relations Under Modi: The Strategic Logic Underlying the Embrace, International Affairs, Vol. 93, Issue 1 (2017), pp Wed Nov 21: No Class - Thanksgiving Fri Nov 23: No Class - Thanksgiving Week 14: External Powers (11/26-11/30): US Policy Approaches Continued, and Soviet and Russian Policy Approaches in South Asia Mon Nov 26: US Policy Approaches toward South Asia after the Cold War Wed Nov 28: Soviet Policy Approaches toward South Asia Harsh V. Pant, India-Russia Ties and India s Strategic Culture: Dominance of a Realist Worldview, India Review, Vol. 12, No. 1 (2013), pp Linda Racioppi, Soviet Policy towards South Asia since 1970 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994), pp , Olga Oliker, Be Careful What You Wish For: Legacies, Realignments, and Russia s Evolving Role in South Asia, War on the Rocks, December 27, Fri Nov 30: Russian Policy Approaches toward South Asia after the Cold War Week 15 (12/3-12/7): External Powers: Chinese Policy Approaches in South Asia Mon Dec 3: China s Roles in South Asia Harsh V. Pant, China s Growing Reach in South Asia, in Europa Publications (ed.) South Asia 2016 (13 th Edition) (New York: Routledge, 2015) pp Andrew Small, The China-Pakistan Axis: Asia s New Geopolitics (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015), pp Chien-peng (C.P.) Chung, What are the Strategic and Economic Implications for South Asia of China s Maritime Silk Road Initiative?, Pacific Review, Vol. 31, No. 3 (2018), pp Angela Stanzel, Fear and Loathing on the New Silk Road: Chinese Security in Afghanistan and Beyond (London: European Council on Foreign Relations, 2018), pp Wed Dec 5: Origins and Objectives of China s Belt and Road Initiative Fri Dec 7: Impacts of China s Belt and Road Initiative upon South Asia Week 16: (12/10-12/14): Research Essay Due, Course Wrap-up, and Study Time for Final Exam Mon Dec 10: Research essay due for submission in class, then Course Wrap-up Wed Dec 12: No Class Study for Final Essay Exam Fri Dec 14: No Class Study for Final Essay Exam 10

11 Week 17: Final Essay Exam: Wed Dec 19, 9:00am 11