International Relations of South Asia (IR 372/PO 355) Spring 2017 (Draft: subject to minor revisions)

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1 International Relations of South Asia (IR 372/PO 355) Spring 2017 (Draft: subject to minor revisions) Prof. Manjari Chatterjee Miller Office Hours: W 10:30am-12pm; Th 11am-12:30pm (Sign up at: manjarim@bu.edu Time: TuTh 9:30am-10:45am Course Description The purpose of this course is to introduce you to the region of South Asia and particularly to conflict and cooperation in a dynamic and volatile region which contains two of the world s nuclear states (India and Pakistan) and a rising power (India), and where some of the world s most important conflicts (Kashmir, Afghanistan, Tibetan plateau) are taking place. Topics include the countries of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan and the goal is to acquaint you with inter-country relations, great power interventions, power distributions, norms (beliefs+ideas), political, military and economic conflict and cooperation. The course utilizes lectures both by the professor and distinguished guests, movies, novels and class discussions to convey important concepts about South Asia and its place in international politics and stability. NB: No background in South Asia or IR theory is necessary to take this course. Requirements Students will be graded on three 1-page response papers and in-class discussion, three ID quizzes, one 5-page review paper, and a one final response paper. The grade distribution is as follows: 1-page response papers: 30% In-class discussion: 15% ID Quizzes: 15% Review Paper: 20% Final response paper: 20% 1

2 1-Page Response Paper and Discussion Response papers are 1 page, double spaced, 12 size font, 1 margins. Each response paper will include one quotation from the previous weeks readings (noting author and page number), a brief comment on why the quotation you chose raises an important issue or is interesting, and one analytical question that you think it raises. Response papers are due during at the beginning of discussion classes indicated in the syllabus. ID Quiz For ID quizzes you will be sorted into teams in advance. You and your partner need to pick an ID from the list you will be given in advance, and you will illustrate for the class 5 separate concepts about the ID in whatever manner best plays to your strengths. You can use a PPT, video, photos, primary documents and parallel events, dance, act it out or read out an essay. Each team will have no more than 5 minutes to present. The class will anonymously vote for a team winner on the most innovative and clear ID presentation. Note: winning the class competition is not correlated with the grade assigned by the instructor. Review paper The review paper, due IN CLASS on 04/26, will be EITHER a movie review OR a book review. The paper (no more than 5 pages, double spaced, 12 size font, 1 margins) should discuss how the movie/book relates to or illustrates specific concepts in the course. The two movies for the course are Gandhi (Director: Richard Attenborough, 1982) and Osama (Director: Siddiq Barmak, 2003). The novel is a collection of short stories, The Wandering Falcon by Pakistani writer Jamil Ahmad. Final response paper The take home final response paper will be the response to any ONE of two questions handed out. The final response paper is due 05/05 by 5pm. Class Policies All class members are expected to maintain high standards of academic honesty and integrity. The College of Arts and Sciences Academic Conduct Code provides the standards and procedures: code/ 2

3 Punctual attendance is required. Reasons for non-attendance should be notified to the instructor. More than two absences or two late arrivals without informing the instructor well in advance will severely affect your final grade. Extensions will not be granted for any papers or take home exams. Failure to turn an assignment in on time, will result in the docking of half a grade (A- to B+, B+ to B and so on) per day that it is late. Cell phones should be turned off in class. Anyone texting or receiving calls in class will be asked to leave. Laptops are permitted in class. Surfing the net, however, is not. Please be responsible with your laptop or you will be asked to leave the class. Attendance at guest lectures is required. The instructor needs to be informed a week in advance about non-attendance at a guest lecture. NB: This class meets on TuTh (with the exception of BU Calendar holidays). Lectures will be followed by in-class discussion. Movies and Book Review Policy The movies and books are required reading/viewing. The DVDs of the movies will be on reserve at Mugar for you to watch on your own time. Alternatively, you can attend screenings of the movies on the dates/times indicated in the syllabus (note, there will be no class on the days of the movie screenings). The Wandering Falcon by Jamil Ahmed is available for purchase from Barnes and Noble and on reserve at Mugar. We will discuss each movie and book in class. Readings The books below are available for purchase from the Barnes and Noble, and are also on reserve at Mugar. Barbara D. Metcalf and Thomas R. Metcalf, A Concise History of Modern India (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 3rd edition. Jamil Ahmed, The Wandering Falcon, Riverhead Books, Everything else is available from BU library ereserves, the course website or URLs provided in the syllabus. 3

4 1. Background Introduction and Organization (01/19) Why is South Asia important? How does it fit into global politics? S. Paul Kapur, India and Pakistan s unstable peace: Why nuclear South Asia is not like Cold War Europe, International Security 30(2), Fall 2005, pp * Barnett Rubin, Saving Afghanistan, Foreign Affairs 86(1), Jan/Feb 2007, pp * The Historical Formation of Modern South Asia This set of lectures will trace the historical events that resulted in the borders of modern South Asia that we see in maps today. Borders in South Asia have been a source of war, conflict and suffering and it is important to understand the history behind them. It will also explore empire and the political and military consequences of empire in South Asia. Colonialism and South Asia (01/24, 01/26) Metcalf and Metcalf, A Concise History of Modern India (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 3rd edition pp The Creation of Modern India and Pakistan (01/31) Metcalf and Metcalf, A Concise History of Modern India, pp Asim Roy, The High Politics of India s Partition: The Revisionist Perspective, Modern Asian Studies 24(2), May 1990, pp The Creation of Bangladesh(02/02) Metcalf and Metcalf, A Concise History of Modern India, p C. Baxter, Bangladesh: From a Nation to a State, Westview Press, 1998, pp R. Jahan, Pakistan: Failure in National Integration, Columbia University Press, 1972, pp The Country in Between: Afghanistan (02/07) B. Rubin, The Fragmentation of Afghanistan, 2nd edition, Yale University Press, 2002, pp T. Barfield, Afghanistan, A Cultural and Political History, Princeton University Press, (pp , pp , ). 4

5 Discussion Class (ID Quiz 1, Response Paper 1 due) 02/09 International Relations Theories and South Asia (02/14) Are theories of international relations important? Can they be used to systematically analyze trends in world politics or specific foreign policy decisions? How can we use them to understand security issues, conflict and cooperation in South Asia? Steven M. Walt, International relations: One world, many theories, Foreign Policy, Spring 1998, pp United States Congress, Committee on Foreign Affairs, Hearing before the Subcommittee on the Middle East and South Asia, House of Representatives, Political crisis in South Asia: Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal, 110th Congress, 1st Session, August 1, 2007, pp Guest Lecture: Dhruva Jaishankar, Fellow, Brookings India 02/16 Showing of Gandhi 02/23, Place/Time TBD 2. The Cold War in South Asia Historical Legacies, Ideas and Beliefs How have history and ideology affected foreign policy and the international outlook of South Asian countries after decolonization? Can individuals and beliefs of individuals shape the international strategy of countries? For decades, the Bandung Conference and the Non-Aligned Movement defined the role South Asian countries played in international society. Why? Decolonization and Joining Global Society (02/28) R. Jackson, The weight of ideas in decolonization: normative change in international relations in Judith Goldstein and Robert Keohane (ed), Ideas and Foreign Policy: Beliefs, Institutions and Political Change, Cornell University Press, 1993, pp G. Barraclough, The revolt against the West, in Prasenjit Duara (ed), Decolonization: Perspectives from Now and Then, Routledge, NY, 2004, pp Selected Documents from the Bandung Conference 1955, Speeches by India, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. 5

6 The Non-Aligned Movement (03/02) D.L. Byman and K.M. Pollack, Let Us Now Praise Great Men, International Security, Vol. 25, No. 4 (Spring 2001), pp J. Brown, Nehru: A Political Life, Yale University Press, New Haven (2003), pp B. Green, The Non-Aligned Movement in Perspective, Sheffield Papers in International Studies, University of Sheffield, 1992, pp Interests, Power and Security Rather than history, beliefs and ideology, was the search for security and material interests, in fact, the driving factor behind the power distributions that existed in South Asia during the Cold War? After all, Afghanistan was a proxy battleground for two superpowers and some South Asian countries joined security blocs. Great Power Politics, the Cold War and Conflict (03/14) K. Waltz, Theory of International Politics, Addison-Wesley, 1979, pp A.G. Noorani, Soviet ambitions in South Asia, International Security 4(3), Winter , pp W. Overholt, The geopolitics of the Afghan War, Asian Affairs 7(4), 1980, pp A. de Riencourt, India and Pakistan in the shadow of Afghanistan, Foreign Affairs 61(2), Winter 1982, pp S. Walt, The Origins of Alliances, Cornell University Press, 1987, pp R. McMahon, The Cold War on the Periphery: The United States, India and Pakistan, Columbia University Press, 1994, pp (in two separate files on ereserves) Discussion class (ID Quiz 2, Response Paper 2 due) (03/16) The Wandering Falcon and Writing Reviews (3/21) 4. Post-Cold War Bilateral Conflicts South Asia has some of the world s most important and unresolved bilateral conflicts. Kashmir has been the source of three wars between India and Pakistan. The creation of Bangladesh was the outcome of civil war between East and West Pakistan and subsequent intervention by India. Afghanistan has been crucial to Pakistan s foreign policy 6

7 but this relationship is a very conflictual one. This set of lectures will explore these conflicts and explanations for them. Kashmir (03/23, 03/28) S. Goddard, Uncommon ground: Indivisible territory and the politics of legitimacy, International Organization 60(1), 2006, pp S. Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace, Harvard University Press, 2003, pp (in two separate files on ereserves) S. Ganguly and K. Bajpai, India and the crisis in Kashmir, Asian Survey 34(5), May 1994, pp A. Varshney, India, Pakistan and Kashmir: Antinomies of Nationalism, Asian Survey 31(11), pp Pakistan and Afghanistan: An uneasy relationship (03/30) The rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan was a seminal event whose international significance was to become amply clear only after 9/11. A. Rashid, Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia, I.B. Tauris&Co. Ltd, 2nd edition, 2010, pp , , (in three separate files on ereserves) T. Johnson and M. Chris Mason, No sign until the burst of fire: Understanding the Pakistan-Afghanistan Frontier, International Security 32(4), Spring 2008, pp J. Shapiro and C. Christine Fair, Understanding support for Islamist militancy in Pakistan, International Security 34(3), Winter 2009/10, pp India, Pakistan and the Tensions of Bangladesh (04/04) R. Guha, India After Gandhi, HarperCollins, 2007, pp M. Finnemore, Constructing norms of humanitarian intervention, in P. Katzenstein (ed), The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics, Columbia University Press, 1996, pp Y. Saikia, Beyond the archive of silence: Narratives of violence of the 1971 liberation war of Bangladesh, History Workshop Journal 58, 2004, pp S. Singh, Border crossings and Islamic terrorists: Representing Bangladesh in Indian foreign policy during the BJP era, India Review 8(2), 2009, pp

8 H. Pant, India and Bangladesh: Will the twain ever meet?, Asian Survey 47(2), 2007, pp The Changing Face of South Asia The Nuclear Race in South Asia (04/06) In 1998, India and Pakistan shocked the world by testing nuclear weapons and declaring nuclear power status. The injection of nuclear weapons into an already fraught relationship alarmed the world and changed the dynamic of how these two countries were to operate and be treated in international relations. Sumit Ganguly, Nuclear stability in South Asia, International Security Fall 33(2), 2008, pp S. Paul Kapur, Ten years of instability in a nuclear South Asia, International Security 33(2), 2008, pp The Rise of India (04/11, 04/13) The emergence of India as a rising power has important implications beyond South Asia. What does this mean for India on the world stage and how have the US and China adapted to India s changed role? Closer home, India has always been regarded as a somewhat intrusive and annoying presence how are South Asian countries now adapting to India s rise? B. Buzan, South Asia moving towards transformation: Emergence of India as a great power, International Studies 39(1), February 2002, pp Ashley Tellis, Unity in Difference: Overcoming the US-India Divide, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2015, pp ( unity_in_difference.pdf) S.A. Hoffman, Perception and China policy in India, in F. Frankel and H. Harding (ed.), The India-China Relationship: What the US Needs to Know, Columbia University Press, 2004, pp Y. Huang and T. Khanna, Can India overtake China?, Foreign Policy 137, 2003, pp Manjari Chatterjee Miller, India s Feeble Foreign Policy, Foreign Affairs 92, 2013, pp

9 K. Sullivan, India s ambivalent projection of itself as a global power: Between compliance and resistance, in Kate Sullivan ed., Competing Visions of India in World Politics, Palgrave MacMillan, 2015, pp Showing of Osama 04/18, Place/Time TBD Discussion Class (ID Quiz 3, Response Paper 3 due) 04/20 Cooperation in South Asia (Review Paper due) 04/25 Is South Asia just a region of conflict or have there been areas of cooperation? Where, why and how? A.A. Stein, Why Nations Cooperate: Circumstance and Choice in International Relations, Cornell University Press, 1990, pp K. Dash, The political economy of regional cooperation in South Asia, Pacific Affairs 69(2), Summer 1996, pp I. Hossain, Bangladesh-India relations: The Ganges water-sharing treaty and beyond, Asian Affairs: An American Review 25(3), 1998, pp B. Crow and N. Singh, The management of international rivers as demands grow and supplies tighten: India, China, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, India Review 8(3), 2009, pp U.C. Jha, Environmental issues and SAARC, Economic and Political Weekly 39(17), 2004, pp Final response paper in-class discussion 04/27 Final response paper due 05/05. 9