ASHTON UNDER-LYNE SIXTH FORM COLLEGE BTEC EXTENDED DIPLOMA PUBLIC SERVICES

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1 ASHTON UNDER-LYNE SIXTH FORM COLLEGE BTEC EXTENDED DIPLOMA PUBLIC SERVICES Unit 8: Understand the impact of war, conflict and terrorism on public services Assignment : Workbook Assignment title: The impact of war and terrorism on public services Tutor name: Renee Gorman Student name. Group. Date issued: 25/8/12 Submission date: 30/9/12 Feedback by: 15/10/12 Outcomes Covered: 1. Know the impact of war and conflict on UK public services 2. Understand how UK public services deal with terrorism Internal Verification details IV d prior to issue by: Date 17/7/11 ASSESSMENT RESULT Pass 1 Pass 2 Pass 3 Pass 4 Merit 1 Merit 2 Distinction 1 Referral I confirm that this is my own work. Signed

2 Understand the impact of war, conflict and terrorism on public services Scenario War and terrorism have impacts on public services at home and abroad. They not only affect the armed services but also UK based services such as the police, fire and ambulance services. The UK has long had to be vigilant with regard to terrorism and there continues to be ongoing conflicts around the world which UK troops are involved in. In order to help you understand the issues involved and the actions taken to combat these threats you will complete a booklet which has been designed to enable students to work independently. TASK ONE Complete the booklet you have been issued using: personal research your own knowledge newspaper article provided DVD provided Pass 1 Describe the causes of war and conflict Student check Pass 2 Describe the impact of conflict on UK public services Student check Pass 3 Outline the terrorism methods used by key terrorist Student organisations check Pass 4 Discuss the methods used by the UK public services Student to counter both national and international terrorism check Merit 1 Analyse the impact of war and conflict on one UK Student public service check Merit 2 Analyse the measures used to combat national and Student international terrorism check Distinction Evaluate the impact of war, conflict and terrorism on Student 1 one UK public service check Staff check Staff check Staff check Staff check Staff check Staff check Staff check

3 Tutors comments Assessment feedback Further action (for future action, referrals etc) Tutor signature Students comments Student signature

4 Unit 8 Understand the Impact of War and Terrorism on Public Services NAME

5 Guidance This booklet has been prepared to enable you to complete Unit 8- Understand the impact of war, conflict and terrorism on Public Services. There are two learning outcomes to be covered in this booklet. 1. Know the impact of war and conflict on UK public services. 2. Understand how UK public services deal with terrorism There is some information within the booklet to help you complete sections. You can also use knowledge you have acquired in the past. If you follow current news stories this will also help you with some sections. Finally you can use the internet to help you to research some areas. Work your way through the booklet answering all the questions. Questions which require an explanation should be answered in complete sentences. Introduction Your first task is to research what is meant by the terms WAR and CONFLICT. Use the internet to find a definition for each term and record this in the spaces below. Then write your own explanation for each term. Internet definition of war (make sure you record the website used) What does the term war mean to you?

6 Internet definition of conflict (make sure you record the website used) What does the term conflict mean to you? P1- Describe the causes of war and conflict At present British public services are more likely to be involved in war and conflicts abroad. Can you think of any countries where British armed forces are currently based and are having to deal with conflict? Record examples below There have been incidents within Britain which have been connected to conflict elsewhere. An example would be in July 2005 terrorists exploded bombs on the London Underground and on a bus killing 52 people. Many believed this was a reaction to the fact that the British had invaded Iraq with the Americans in British troops will also often be based in countries abroad in order to act as a peacekeeping force.

7 Can you think of any examples of countries where British troops are based in a peacekeeping capacity? Record your examples below. (You can check on the internet for ideas) The reasons for war and conflict can be complex. Often there is more than one reason. In long lasting conflicts other causes can develop over time and make it increasingly difficult to resolve the situation. Think of one reason why conflicts occur. Now choose a recent conflict that you have heard of and say why you think that conflict started.

8 The following table explains some of the causes of war and conflict. Read each description and fill in the blank area with the cause. The first one is filled in for you as an example. Description If an ethnic group in a country is treated unfairly this could lead to conflict. They may be denied access to full participation in the country s government or education or be discriminated against in employment. This could result in them protesting and challenging the ruling power Nations often go to war over a variety of natural resources such as oil, gas and water. These things are valuable and can t be moved so the land they are in is important. The resources are usually extremely important for the economy. Wars can be caused by a country s internal political struggles. These can be about regions wanting independence from the main government. A country which is being attacked will have to fight back in retaliation if they feel there is no other option or a possible peaceful solution. People can have strong beliefs in a god and this can help society maintain stability. It can also be a big source of conflict if people have different ideas on how society should be run. Sometimes things have happened in the past which make people feel angry. People will continue to feel angry about historical events. Sometimes they have had to give up land and feel resentment or previous wars have not been fully resolved. Wars can be caused because people feel very strongly about their traditional way of doing things. They may resent new ideas or cultures developing. This can apply on a small scale such as a tribe or on a larger scale where people feel the national identity is at risk. Some believe that humans have an aggressive nature and so channel this aggression into fighting. Fighting between people has always happened. It is natural for animals to fight in order to survive and human beings are animals after all. Cause Ethnicity

P2- Describe the impact of conflict on UK public services The Armed services As most conflicts are abroad

They need to be prepared and ready to deploy at short notice.

They also need to be able to adapt to different situations as peacekeeping requires different skills to

9 P2- Describe the impact of conflict on UK public services The Armed services As most conflicts are abroad the greatest impact is on the armed services. They need to be prepared and ready to deploy at short notice. Training is important as they need to be able to cope with different terrains and environments. They also need to be able to adapt to different situations as peacekeeping requires different skills to open warfare. Answer the following questions: a) How do you think the armed services train to be able to cope with different situations? b) What skills and qualities do you think would be important for peacekeeping duties?

c) What skills and qualities do you think would be important for warfare? You have already identified different places were the armed forces are operational.

10 c) What skills and qualities do you think would be important for warfare? You have already identified different places were the armed forces are operational. At present British troops are located in 21 different countries although many of these are small numbers for training purposes only. The map below shows the location of troops engaged in peacekeeping and direct conflict situations. Why do you think being deployed in so many countries could have an impact on the armed forces?

11 Many members of the armed forces have to do frequent tours of duty to war zones. How do you think this could affect them? The impact on other public services Increased government spending on war and conflict can mean there is less money available for other services. The war in Iraq is estimated to have cost 7 billion pounds. This money could have been spent on other areas within Britain. List other areas where this money could have been spent.

12 Conflict also has a more direct impact on other public services. Currently the conflict in Afghanistan has resulted in many casualties with very complex injuries. Which public service do you think this would affect. Explain your answer. Conflicts abroad have increased the likelihood of terrorist attacks within Britain. Which public services do you think this would affect. Explain your answer. M1- Analyse the impact of war and conflict on one UK public service Analyse means to look at the impact in greater detail using examples to support your points. This section requires you to use the internet to research a specific war/conflict and the impact on a chosen service. Select the service you wish to examine Specify the war/ conflict you have chosen

13 Now describe the war/conflict (when did it start, why and who was involved) and explain the impact on the chosen service. (try to include both positive and negative impacts)

14 P3- Outline the terrorism methods used by key terrorist organisations UK public services have to deal with terrorist activity both at home and abroad. Research the term terrorism and record a definition below. Definition: Think about recent terrorist incidents you have heard about or seen on TV. What sort of things to terrorists do to draw attention to their cause?

15 Many people believe that terrorism and the threat of terrorism in the UK comes mainly from overseas. Acts of terrorism are defined in the Terrorism Act of 2000 as: Designed to influence the government or to intimidate the public or a section of the public The use or threat is made for the purpose of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause. It involves serious violence against a person It involves serious damage to property It endangers a person s life. It creates a serious risk to the health or safety of the public or a section of the public Read the extract below and answer the following questions. Animal Rights Activists A farm in Newchurch, near Burton on Trent, Staffordshire bred guinea pigs. Many of them were used for research purposes. The farm was a target for animal rights activists from 1999 onwards. In 2005 they dug up and stole the farmer s dead mother s body. It was not retrieved until April They also targeted other businesses with connections to the farm including damaging machinery on an adjacent farm, harassing postal workers delivering mail and throwing bricks through a local pub as the landlord had continued to serve the farmer drinks. Eventually the family closed the business down. In March 2006 four people were brought to trial and were sentenced to between 6 and 12 years.

16 1. Would you class the activist actions as terrorism? (refer to the extract from the terrorist act above) Explain your answer. 2. What was the cause that the activists were trying to draw attention to? 3. Who were the people that the activists were trying to intimidate? Key terrorist organisations There are many different terrorist groups operational around the world. In the space below record as many examples as you can think of.

17 Now choose two from your list, research them on the internet and provide a brief description of each one. (include information on what cause they are supporting, which countries they operate in and give examples of the activities they have carried out) Selection One Selection Two

18 There are many different actions that terrorists can take ranging from low levels of intimidation to large scale atrocities e.g. 9/11. Research examples for each of the following activities and give a brief description for each. Hi-jacking Hostage taking

19 Assassinations Suicide attacks Biological and chemical attacks

20 P4- Discuss the methods used by the UK public services to counter both national and international terrorism International terrorism can be countered in a number of ways. The highest level is the use of military action. Other options include financial and trade sanctions as well imposing exclusion from sporting events. Most recently the UK has worked with the USA on a war on terror which included invading Iraq, deployment in Afghanistan and putting diplomatic pressure on other countries such as Iran and Saudi Arabia. Do you think the military actions in Iraq and Afghanistan have helped to reduce acts of terrorism? (explain your opinion) Do you think military action has increased anti Western feeling amongst Islamic people? (explain your opinion) Financial sanctions means reducing or restricting trade and investment in specific countries because of their regime. In the past this has included countries such as South Africa, Cuba, North Korea, Libya and Zimbabwe.

21 Choose one example to research and answer the following questions. Country selected When and why were sanctions imposed? What impact did the sanctions have?

22 Countering terrorism within the UK can include changing and strengthening the law, training for personnel, increased security, education and gathering and sharing intelligence with others. Look up the Terrorism Act 2000 and 2003 and identify any new powers that have been given to public services to help them deal with terrorists. Record examples below On the 7 th July 2005 four suicide attacks were carried out in London. Three bombs were detonated in the London Underground and one on a bus. Fifty six people were killed with many others being critically injured. A review of the public service response to the incident recommended that communications be improved and that services needed to work in a more co-ordinated way together. What do you think public services could do to improve working together?

23 Government buildings, public places and transport networks are often targets for terrorists as they can cause the most disruption. What extra security can you think of which has been brought in to minimise risks? After the July bombings in London the police tried to track down one of the bombers who had escaped. Eventually he was found in Italy and this is an example of public services working on an international scale with other countries to deal with these threats. There are several international organisations which Britain belongs to. These organisations encourage working together and also help to put pressure and sanctions on countries believed to be harbouring terrorists. Record examples of these organisations below

24 M2- Analyse the measures used to combat national and international terrorism. Can you identify benefits that have arisen from the war in Iraq Using the newspaper report provided assess the success of the war in Afghanistan in combating terrorism

25 Watch the video about the Jean Charles de Menzes case. Assess the effectiveness of the police procedures in this situation. (refer to positive and negative examples)

26 D1- Evaluate the impact of war, conflict and terrorism on one UK public service Evaluate means to weigh up the information you have gathered and draw some overall conclusions. Any opinions must be supported by evidence and examples. For example if you select the army you can find out about deaths and injuries, provision of specialist equipment, training, gaining experience and public support. If you select the police force you can consider specialist training, stress and post traumatic stress disorder, working with other services and extra/additional duties. Public service selection Identify and explain positive impacts on your chosen public service.

27 Identify and explain negative impacts on your chosen public service Overall draw some conclusions about the impacts on your chosen public services. THE END

UNIT SIX: CHALLENGES OF THE MODERN ERA Part II

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