The Baltic States at Historical Crossroads

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1 Academy of Sciences of Latvia The Baltic States at Historical Crossroads Political, economic, and legal problems in the context of international cooperation on the doorstep of the 21st century A collection of scholarly articles Published in rememberance of senator August Loeber and the 75th birthday of Professor Dietrich Andre Loeber Edited by Dr. Talavs Jundzis Riga 1998

2 In Memory of August Loeber and in Connection with the 75th Anniversary of Dietrich Loeber (Romans Apsltis) 9 Review of Scientific Research Works, published by August Loeber (Walter Shultz) 13 An Interview with Dietrich Loeber (Egils Levits) 25 Photographs and documents 41 Introduction (Talavs Jundzis) 61 Chapter 1 Integration of the Baltic States in today European and world political, economic and security structures George J. Viksnins (USA). World Economic growth and the Baltic States 65 Eduards Bruno Deksnis (United Kingdom). Baltic Accession to the European Union: Challenge and Opportunity 79 Justas V. Paleckis (Lithuania). Aspects of foreign policy orientation in the Baltic States: Experience of Lithuania Daina Bleiere (Latvia). Cooperation Between the Baltic States and the Central European Countries Problems and Prospects 128 Arturs Puga (Latvia). The Development of Relations Between the Baltic States and Israel 151 Algis Krupavicius (Lithuania). The development of Lithuania's parties and their international contacts 163 Chapter 2 Legal reforms in the Baltics in the context of European integration Egils Levits (Latvia). Harmonization of the Legal Systems of Latvia and the European Union (Community) and Problems Associated with the Implementation of the Principles of a Law-Based State 189

3 Heiki Pisuke (Estonia). The Process of Bringing Estonia's Legal System into Conformity with the European Union's acquis communautaire 199 Juri Uibopuu (Estonia). The new Estonian Constitution of 1992 in the Context of European Law 214 Juozas Zilys (Lithuania). The new constitution of the Republic of Lithuania in the context of the European law system Ineta Ziemele (Latvia). The role of state continuity and human rights in matters of nationality of the Baltic States 248 Talavs Jundzis (Latvia). Democratization of the Judicial System in the Baltic States 272 Jautrite Briede (Latvia). Latvian Human Rights Laws in the Context of the European Human Rights Convention 282 Kalvis Torgans (Latvia). Commercial Rights in the Baltic States 294 Chapter 3 Cooperation among the Baltic States Edgars Dunsdorfs (Australia). The Baltic States - common features and distinctions 311 Hain Rebas (Germany). Barriers to Baltic cooperation - opportunities for surmounting them 319 Janis Stradins (Latvia). Establishment of an Intellectual Entente in the Baltic States 336 Ilga Apine (Latvia). Nationality policy in the Baltic States Karlis Kreslins (Latvia). A Baltic military alliance: An Opinion on the Military Integration of the Baltic States 377 Chapter 4 Efforts at cooperation and integration by the Baltic States in the prewar period Marko Lehti (Finland). Baltic Cooperation After the First World War: Independence Through Integration 391 Zigurds L. Zile (USA). A Baltic presence at the League of Nations 405 Aivars Stranga (Latvia). Russian and Polish Policies in the Baltic States from 1933 to

4 Helena Shimkuva (Latvia). The Cultural and Historical Heritage of Baltic Germans and Results and Prospects of Research in the Field 442 Frank Gordon (Israel). Pre-war Latvia and the establishment of the Israeli state 462 Chapter 5 The Baltic States between East and West: relations with Russia Boris Meissner (Germany). The Occupation of the Baltic States from a Present-Day Perspective 473 Lubova Zile (Latvia). Baltic Russian Cooperation During the Restoration of Independence (1990 until the 1991 putsch) 489 Irina Busygina (Russia). Russia, the Baltic states and the European Union 502 Vladislav A. Vershinin (Russia). Russia's national interests and the dynamics of Russo Baltic relations 519 Peer H. Lange (Germany). The Russian Factor in Regional Security 540 Dmitri Trenin (Russia). Russia and the Baltic states: security aspects 552 Christian Wellmann (Germany). The Kaliningrad Oblast in the Context of Baltic Sea Regional Security 563 Aksel Kirch (Estonia). Russians in contemporary Estonia - different strategies of the integration into the Nation-State 581 Konstantin Voronov (Russia). The Soviet Union's interests in the Baltic, Finland and Norway: a retrospective analysis Photographs 609 Chapter 6 Baltic States in world literature and archives Janis Penikis (USA). Research on Baltic Politics: The Renewal of Baltic Independence and Western Scholarship 633 Andrejs Plakans (USA). The Baltic region and the Baltic states in contemporary american commentary 641

5 Adolf Sprudzs (USA). "Ex iniuria ius non oritur" and the Baltic case: a brief Western perspective 651 Janis Pavuls (Sweden). The Baltic Issue in the Eyes of Swedish Journalists and Commentators 664 Wilhelm Lenz (Germany). Treasures from the Baltika Archives in the German Federative Republic 688 Inesis Feldmanis (Latvia). The political activities of Baltic Germans in Latvia : discussions in the historical literature 696 Janis A. Kreslins (USA). Steadfast believers in a free and democratic Latvia - the central council of Latvia and the Stockholm newspaper Latvju Zinas 708 Conclusion (Talavs Jundzis) 725 Bibliography on Co-operation among the Baltic States and Integration in Europe (leva Cielava, Mara Izvestnaja) 731 Index of persons 763

Register of the Baltic Heritage Network collection. No online items

Register of the Baltic Heritage Network collection. No online items http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt6w10294w No online items Finding aid prepared by David Jacobs Hoover Institution Archives 434 Galvez Mall Stanford University Stanford, CA, 94305-6010 (650) 723-3563