TAPFIN Quarterly Market Report European Contingent Workforce Q2, June 2017

Transcription

1 TAPFIN Quarterly Market Report European Contingent Workforce Q2, 2017 June 2017

2 Table of Contents Disclaimer and Definitions European Overview Regional Breakdowns Appendix

3 The Purpose of this Quarterly Market Report is to give an European overview of key trends and metrics around the European Workforce, from both the overall Employment numbers, and the Employment Outlook, based upon research and analysis conducted within ManpowerGroup. It should not be interpreted as legal advice. Please consult with legal counsel to ensure that you are in compliance with all applicable laws.

4

5 Total Workforce 448m Full Time Employees 338m Contingent Workforce 69m Unemployed 40m 15.49% CW% of TWF 0.08% CW% Change to PQ 8.95% UW% of TWF 0.01% UW% Change to PQ CONTINGENT WORKFORCE UNEMPLOYED WORKFORCE

6 ManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN MEOS Q3, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential

7 Strategic Update on EMEA Eastern Europe Accelerating salary growth may now be changing the perception that Central and Eastern Europe are relatively cheap manufacturing hubs to make sophisticated products like cars and electronics goods. Average nominal wages rose 10.7% in Hungary in February from a year ago, the most in nine years. During the same period, Polish wages increased 5.2%, the highest reading since last June, and mirrors recent development across the region. Czech Premier Bohuslav Sobotka has made the end of cheap labor one of the key themes in his Social Democrats campaign before October elections. Meanwhile Slovakia s Prime Minister Robert Fico has publicly questioned why workers in a Volkswagen factory in the former communist country make only a third of that of their German peers for the same work. Western Europe France s newly elected President Emmanuel Macron s centrist platform advocates business-friendly economic policies that aim to loosen France s labor laws and its 35- hour work week; defends the European Union and NATO; and opposes immigration quotas, calling instead for strengthening the EU s external borders and devising a united European policy on immigration. TheUnited Kingdom jobs market is already beginning to feel the negative impact of Brexit, with shortages of European Union migrant labor beginning to occur across multiple sectors from nursing, to IT and accountancy. Germany's Social Democratic Party wants to implement an immigration law similar to Canada's points system where non-eu nationals could apply online to work by providing their qualifications, language skills, age, job offer and educational or work experience, which would be graded and assigned a certain number of points. If applicants have enough points, German consular officers would approve the application and unless there are security concerns. Without a job offer, only applicants with very high language and professional skills would be approved for entry. ManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN QMR Q2, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential

8

9 UK: UK Apprenticeship levy came into force in April (Source: SIA and many others) According to the government, the levy will fund 3 million new apprenticeships by 2020 with companies spending 3 billion a year to contribute to the funding. News/UK Apprenticeship levy comes into force today 41615, UK: New Gender Pay Gap law came into effect in April (Source: SIA and many others) Under the new legislation, thousands of UK companies will begin to record their gender pay gap figures for the first time and will have to publish their first figures before April next year. The rules will be enforced by the Equality and Human Rights Commission. News/UK New gender pay gap law comes into effect today for businesses USA: US President order H 1B visa reform as petitions decrease (Source: SIA) President Donald Trump ordered reforms to the H 1B visa program in April, used for bringing in highly skilled temporary foreign workers such as IT specialists. US Citizenship and immigration Services reported in April, the number of petitions for H 1B visas fell this year to 199,000, a drop from the 236,000 received last year and the 233,000 received in News/President orders H 1B reform as petitions decrease Iceland: Iceland to enshrine equal pay for women and men in law (Source: The Guardian) Iceland s parliament has presented a bill that would require public and private businesses to prove they offer equal pay to employees, in what would be the first such requirement in the world. equal pay women men law Australia: Australia toughens foreign worker visas, says Australian jobs for Australians (Source: Reuters, DLA Piper) Australia will abolish a temporary work visa popular with foreigners and replace it with a new programme requiring better English language and job skills, Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull said on Tuesday. australia immigration idukkbn17k0dg the ins and outs of the australian government s newvisa changes European Union: Commission presents the European Pillar of Social Rights (Source: EU) The Pillar is designed as a compass for a renewed process of upward convergence towards better working and living conditions in Europe. It is primarily conceived for the euro area but applicable to all EU Member States wishing to be part of it. The Pillar sets out 20 key principles and rights to support fair and well functioning labour markets and welfare systems, which are structured around three categories: equal opportunities and access to the labour market fair working conditions social protection and inclusion ManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN QMR Q1, 2016 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential

10 USA: Working Families Flexibility Act: HR 1180: House Passes Bill That Would Change Overtime Pay Rules (Source: NBC) The House of Representatives passed a bill in May, that would allow employees to swap overtime pay for "comp time," a rules change congressional Republicans have tried to push through for more than two decades house passes bill would change overtime pay rules n Germany: Remuneration Transparency Act in force 1 July (Source: DLA Piper) The Remuneration Transparency Act will come into force on 1 July, giving employees limited rights to information about their co workers' pay. In operations with more than 200 employees, individual employees will have a right to request information regarding the median average pay of employees of the opposite gender in comparable positions, provided there are at least 6 employees in such comparable positions. A definition of comparable work will be introduced for this purpose. remuneration transparency act in force 1 july Italy: Self employment and smart working Italian Senate approves draft law (Source: DLA Piper) A new law has been approved which regulates various aspects of a company's relationship with self employed contractors and with smart workers. The law will come into effect on the day after its publication in the Italian Official Journal. Includes a right to disconnect clause autonomous work and smart working italian senate approvesdraft law no Poland: Employment law changes in 2017 (Source: DLA Piper) Employment reforms in Poland continue to progress. The key changes now in effect or with set implementation dates include: New regulations on fixed term contracts: Under Polish law, the length of a fixed term contract, as well as the total length of consecutive fixed term contracts, cannot exceed 33 months. The introduction of a new regulation governing risk management and remuneration policies in banks. The introduction of a new list of jobs that are detrimental to women's health, which include jobs that are prohibited for pregnant and breast feeding employees. Key amendments to the Act on the Employment of Temporary Agency Workers came into force on 1 June The amendments impose new duties on temporary agencies and employer end users, including the obligation to keep records of individuals Reinstatement of the previous retirement ages of 60 for women and 65 for men. The new law will come into force on 1 October increase to minimum wage ManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN QMR Q1, 2016 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential

11

12 Total Workforce 14.3m Full Time Employees 11.4m Contingent Workforce 2.1m Unemployed 828k 14.55% CW% of TWF 0.05% CW% Change to PQ 5.79% UW% of TWF 0.4% UW% Change to PQ CONTINGENT WORKFORCE UNEMPLOYED WORKFORCE

13 ManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN MEOS Q3, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential

14 Total Workforce 163m Full Time Employees 131m Contingent Workforce 22m Unemployed 10.7m 13.42% CW% of TWF 0.02% CW% Change to PQ 6.54% UW% of TWF 0.01% UW% Change to PQ CONTINGENT WORKFORCE UNEMPLOYED WORKFORCE

15 ManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN MEOS Q3, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential

16 Total Workforce 29.5m Full Time Employees 23.7m Contingent Workforce 3m Unemployed 3m 9.99% CW% of TWF 0.09% CW% Change to PQ 10% UW% of TWF 0% UW% Change to PQ CONTINGENT WORKFORCE UNEMPLOYED WORKFORCE

17 ManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN MEOS Q3, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential

18 Total Workforce 53m Full Time Employees 44.8m Contingent Workforce 5.9m Unemployed 2.2m 11.07% CW% of TWF 0.06% CW% Change to PQ 4.46% UW% of TWF 0.21% UW% Change to PQ CONTINGENT WORKFORCE UNEMPLOYED WORKFORCE

19 ManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN MEOS Q3, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential

20 Total Workforce 79.5m Full Time Employees 49m Contingent Workforce 19m Unemployed 11.8m 23.82% CW% of TWF 0.27% CW% Change to PQ 14.86% UW% of TWF 0.19% UW% Change to PQ CONTINGENT WORKFORCE UNEMPLOYED WORKFORCE

21 ManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN MEOS Q3, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential

22 Total Workforce 13.6m Full Time Employees 11.5m Contingent Workforce 1.3m Unemployed 860k 9.39% CW% of TWF 0.12% CW% Change to PQ 6.29% UW% of TWF 0.36% UW% Change to PQ CONTINGENT WORKFORCE UNEMPLOYED WORKFORCE

23 ManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN MEOS Q3, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential

24 Total Workforce 59m Full Time Employees 38.6m Contingent Workforce 11.4m Unemployed 9m 19.36% CW% of TWF 0.11% CW% Change to PQ 15.22% UW% of TWF 0.14% UW% Change to PQ CONTINGENT WORKFORCE UNEMPLOYED WORKFORCE

25 ManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN MEOS Q3, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential

26 Total Workforce 35.5m Full Time Employees 28.9m Contingent Workforce 4.9m Unemployed 1.7m 13.84% CW% of TWF 0.08% CW% Change to PQ 4.81% UW% of TWF 0.13% UW% Change to PQ CONTINGENT WORKFORCE UNEMPLOYED WORKFORCE

27 ManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN MEOS Q3, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential

28

29

30 Q2 17 Global Workforce Trends Shift Differentials BREXIT Impact O/T Changes Salary Exclusions Location Strategy Election Impact H-1B Visa Changes Tax Adjustments Statutory Changes AHCA Potential Location Strategy Workforce Visa Changes Classification Shifts Paid Leave Expansion Classification Tenure Shifts Workforce Diversity Requirements Quotas Tax Adjustments Classification/Tenure Shifts Statutory Changes Workforce Visa Changes Tax Adjustments Statutory Changes Shifted Migration Patterns Shift Differentials Tax Adjustments Location Strategy Re/Near-Shoring Trends Legislation Workforce Dynamics Cost Considerations ManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN QMR Q2, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential Source: TAPFIN 2017 Total Workforce Index

31 Sustainable Workforce Planning is a Global Priority ManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN QMR Q2, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential Source: TAPFIN 2017 Total Workforce Index

32 Gig Economy Impact Varies by Market The perceived impact of the Gig Economy is based predominantly on two factors: 1. Percentage of the workforce engaged and/or willing to engage in gig work 2. Degree to which local employers are seeking to augment workforce with gig workers ManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN QMR Q2, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential Source: TAPFIN 2017 Total Workforce Index

33 ManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN MEOS Q3, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential

34 Austria Agriculture 4 % Services 70 % Industry 26 % Workforce (6% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 4,492,000 Permanent Employees 3,567, Non Standard Workforce 537,845 Unemployed Workers 386, % 28% 15% 14% 25% 23% Austria Austria The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

35 Bahrain Agriculture 1 % Services 62 % Industry 35 % Workforce (19% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 755,907 Permanent Employees 717, Non Standard Workforce 28,357 Unemployed Workers 9, % 28% 16% 14% 23% 11% Bahrain Bahrain The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

36 Belarus Agriculture 10 % Services 57 % Industry 33 % Workforce (41% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 4,787,557 Permanent Employees 4,592, Non Standard Workforce 151,823 Unemployed Workers 43, % 28% 13% 14% 26% 23% Belarus Belarus The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

37 Belgium Agriculture 1 % Services 77 % Industry 22 % Workforce (6% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 5,047,800 Permanent Employees 3,990, Non Standard Workforce 704,168 Unemployed Workers 353, % 28% 14% 14% 25% 23% Belgium Belgium The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

38 Bulgaria Agriculture 7 % Services 63 % Industry 30 % Workforce (6% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 3,220,800 Permanent Employees 2,610, Non Standard Workforce 352,613 Unemployed Workers 257, % 28% 15% 14% 27% 23% Bulgaria Bulgaria The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

39 Croatia Agriculture 9 % Services 64 % Industry 27 % Workforce (27% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 1,823,800 Permanent Employees 1,275, Non Standard Workforce 285,695 Unemployed Workers 262, % 28% 13% 14% 27% 23% Croatia Croatia The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

40 Czech RepublicAgriculture 3 % Services 59 % Industry 38 % Workforce (11% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 5,379,000 Permanent Employees 4,214, Non Standard Workforce 906,383 Unemployed Workers 258, % 28% 15% 14% 26% 23% Czech Republic Czech Republic The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

41 Denmark Agriculture 2 % Services 78 % Industry 19 % Workforce (5% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 3,021,200 Permanent Employees 2,631, Non Standard Workforce 260,216 Unemployed Workers 129, % 25% 14% 14% 26% 23% Denmark Denmark The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

42 Estonia Agriculture 4 % Services 68 % Industry 28 % Workforce (6% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 683,300 Permanent Employees 580, Non Standard Workforce 58,076 Unemployed Workers 45, % 28% 13% 14% 25% 23% Estonia Estonia The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

43 Finland Agriculture 4 % Services 74 % Industry 22 % Workforce (6% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 2,639,100 Permanent Employees 2,061, Non Standard Workforce 324,462 Unemployed Workers 253, % 28% 12% 14% 28% 23% Finland Finland The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

44 France Agriculture 3 % Services 76 % Industry 21 % Workforce (5% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 29,598,700 Permanent Employees 23,681, Availability 20 Non Standard Workforce 2,956,910 Unemployed Workers 2,959, % 24% 13% 14% 25% 23% France France The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

45 Germany Agriculture 1 % Services 70 % Industry 28 % Workforce (5% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 43,519,800 Permanent Employees 37,222, Non Standard Workforce 4,600,478 Unemployed Workers 1,697, % 24% 14% 14% 28% 23% Germany Germany The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

46 Greece Agriculture 13 % Services 72 % Industry 15 % Workforce (11% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 4,772,600 Permanent Employees 2,285, Non Standard Workforce 1,365,4 Unemployed Workers 1,121, % 28% 15% 14% 25% 23% Greece Greece The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

47 Hungary Agriculture 5 % Services 654% Industry 31 % Workforce (5% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 4,616,000 Permanent Employees 3,923, Non Standard Workforce 484,911 Unemployed Workers 207, % 28% 14% 14% 25% 23% Hungary Hungary The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

48 Ireland Agriculture 6 % Services 75 % Industry 18 % Workforce (7% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 2,195,600 Permanent Employees 1,713, Non Standard Workforce 341,144 Unemployed Workers 140, % 28% 14% 14% 22% 23% Ireland Ireland The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

49 Israel Agriculture 1 % Services 80 % Industry 18 % Workforce (6% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 3,919,101 Permanent Employees 3,315, Non Standard Workforce 439,276 Unemployed Workers 164, % 28% 11% 14% 23% 18% Israel Israel The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

50 Italy Agriculture 4 % Services 70 % Industry 27 % Workforce (9% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 25,971,700 Permanent Employees 17,215, Non Standard Workforce 5,769,224 Unemployed Workers 2,986, % 22% 16% 14% 27% 23% Italy Italy The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

51 Kazakhstan Agriculture 24 % Services 56 % Industry 20 % Workforce (28% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 9,222,121 Permanent Employees 6,156, Non Standard Workforce 2,613,531 Unemployed Workers 451, % 28% 12% 14% 23% 17% Kazakhstan Kazakhstan The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

52 Latvia Agriculture 7 % Services 69 % Industry 24 % Workforce (4% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 981,200 Permanent Employees 790, Non Standard Workforce 99,674 Unemployed Workers 91, % 28% 14% 14% 26% 23% Latvia Latvia The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

53 Lithuania Agriculture 9 % Services 66 % Industry 25 % Workforce (4% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 1,470,400 Permanent Employees 1,194, Non Standard Workforce 153,713 Unemployed Workers 122, % 28% 14% 14% 26% 23% Lithuania Lithuania The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

54 Luxembourg Agriculture 1 % Services 88 % Industry 11 % Workforce (X5% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 280,600 Permanent Employees 241, Non Standard Workforce 22,684 Unemployed Workers 16, % 28% 16% 14% 23% 23% Luxembourg Luxembourg The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

55 Morocco Agriculture 39 % Services 39 % Industry 21 % Workforce (29% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 12,510,0 Permanent Employees 5,440, Non Standard Workforce 5,4,130 Unemployed Workers 1,176, % 28% 12% 14% 23% 16% Morocco Morocco The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

56 Netherlands Agriculture 2 % Services 81% Industry 17 % Workforce (7% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 8,988,500 Permanent Employees 7,173, Non Standard Workforce 1,356,284 Unemployed Workers 458, % 24% 15% 14% 27% 23% Netherlands Netherlands The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

57 Norway Agriculture 2 % Services 77 % Industry 21 % Workforce (5% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 2,744,300 Permanent Employees 2,437, Non Standard Workforce 1,093 Unemployed Workers 118, % 28% 15% 14% 24% 23% Norway Norway The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

58 Poland Agriculture 11 % Services 58 % Industry 31 % Workforce (9% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 17,285,800 Permanent Employees 12,486, Non Standard Workforce 3,399,529 Unemployed Workers 1,400, % 28% 13% 14% 26% 23% Poland Poland The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

59 Portugal Agriculture 6 % Services 69 % Industry 25 % Workforce (8% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 5,186,800 Permanent Employees 3,634, Non Standard Workforce 1,007,354 Unemployed Workers 544, % 24% 15% 14% 26% 23% Portugal Portugal The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

60 Romania Agriculture 25 % Services 45 % Industry 30 % Workforce (13% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 8,879,000 Permanent Employees 5,745, Non Standard Workforce 2,654,253 Unemployed Workers 479, % 28% 16% 14% 25% 23% Romania Romania The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

61 Russia Agriculture 7 % Services 66 % Industry 28 % Workforce (5% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 75,568,612 Permanent Employees 66,197, Non Standard Workforce 5,290,105 Unemployed Workers 4,080, % 28% 13% 14% 26% 23% Russia Russia The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

62 Serbia Agriculture 21 % Services 53 % Industry 26 % Workforce (35% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 3,045,429 Permanent Employees 1,791, Non Standard Workforce 858,446 Unemployed Workers 395, % 28% 14% 14% 26% 23% Serbia Serbia The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

63 Slovakia Agriculture 4 % Services 61 % Industry 36 % Workforce (11% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 2,764,900 Permanent Employees 2,154, Non Standard Workforce 3,187 Unemployed Workers 221, % 28% 14% 14% 25% 23% Slovakia Slovakia The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

64 Slovenia Agriculture 8 % Services 60 % Industry 32 % Workforce (7% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 1,004,600 Permanent Employees 745, Non Standard Workforce 149,481 Unemployed Workers 109, % 28% 14% 14% 27% 23% Slovenia Slovenia The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

65 South AfricaAgriculture 5 % Services 72 % Industry 24 % Workforce (6% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 21,119,236 Permanent Employees 13,271, Non Standard Workforce 2,250,783 Unemployed Workers 5,596, % 28% 23% 11% 14% 13% South Africa South Africa The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

66 Spain Agriculture 4 % Services 76 % Industry 20 % Workforce (6% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 23,043,451 Permanent Employees 15,446, Non Standard Workforce 3,276,491 Unemployed Workers 4,320, % 28% 17% 14% 25% 23% Spain Spain The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

67 Sweden Agriculture 2 % Services 79 % Industry 19 % Workforce (5% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 5,248,808 Permanent Employees 4,383, Non Standard Workforce 508,756 Unemployed Workers 356, % 28% 14% 14% 24% 23% Sweden Sweden The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

68 Switzerland Agriculture 3 % Services 76 % Industry 21 % Workforce (6% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 4,876,026 Permanent Employees 3,994, Non Standard Workforce 715,957 Unemployed Workers 165, % 28% 15% 14% 25% 23% Switzerland Switzerland The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

69 Tunisia Agriculture 15 % Services 51 % Industry 34 % Workforce (11% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 4,149,938 Permanent Employees 2,531, Non Standard Workforce 974,862 Unemployed Workers 643, % 28% 13% 14% 23% 18% Tunisia Tunisia The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

70 Turkey Agriculture 20 % Services 52 % Industry 28 % Workforce (13% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 30,739,200 Permanent Employees 17,677, Non Standard Workforce 9,065,912 Unemployed Workers 3,996, % 28% 13% 14% 23% 16% Turkey Turkey The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

71 Ukraine Agriculture 15 % Services 59 % Industry 26 % Workforce (7% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 22,554,261 Permanent Employees 16,239, Non Standard Workforce 4,059,767 Unemployed Workers 2,255, % 28% 13% 14% 26% 23% Ukraine Ukraine The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

72 United Arab EmiratesAgriculture 4 % Services 73 % Industry 23 % Workforce (26% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 6,328,674 Permanent Employees 5,802, Non Standard Workforce 292,567 Unemployed Workers 233, % 28% 20% 14% 23% 10% United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with

73 United KingdomAgriculture 1 % Services 80 % Industry 19 % Workforce (7% Informal Workforce) Total Workforce 33,339,000 Permanent Employees 27,196,8 2 2 Non Standard Workforce 4,575,178 Unemployed Workers 1,566, % 28% 14% 14% 24% 23% United Kingdom United Kingdom The number of countries that a person with that passport can The number of countries that are accepted visa free, with