PHILIPPINES t,g1-10ue

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1 An analysis of selected demographic and socio-economic characteristics Profiles IMMIGRATION RESEARCH SERIES 91F0057MPB no. 8 c. 2 PHILIPPINES t,g1-10ue CONTENTS p.t4ada 9 Highlights 1 Introduction 2 Profile of Immigrants from the Philippines in Canada 3 Canadian citizenship 4 Provincial distribution 4 Urban dwellers 4 Age distribution 5 Language 5 Religion 5 Family status 6 Fertility levels 6 Education 6 Employment characteristics 7 Occupational distribution 7 Unemployment 7 Income 8 Income from transfer payments 8 Population with low income 9 About this series This report was prepared by Statistics Canada, in partnership with Citizenship and Immigration Canada. The co-publication of this series of reports is intended to support public education and research into the population characteristics of Canada. MIGRANTS FROM THE PHILIPPINES IN CANADA e time of the 1991 Census, there were 00 people born in the Philippines living nada, representing 3% of all immigrants. Immigrants from the Philippines, however, currently make up one of the largest groups of immigrants arriving in Canada from any one country. In 1993 and 1994, for example, a total of almost 40,000 immigrants born in the Philippines arrived in Canada, representing over 8% of all immigrants in this period. The majority of immigrants from the Philippines living in Canada are now Canadian citizens. As of 1991, 87% of those eligible to apply for citizenship had become Canadian citizens. As well, whatever their period of immigration, immigrants from the Philippines are considerably more likely than their counterparts in the overall immigrant population to have Canadian citizenship. The largest proportion of immigrants from the Philippines resides in Ontario. In 1991, 50% lived in Ontario, while 20% lived in British Columbia, 13% resided in Manitoba, 10% were in Alberta, 6% lived in Quebec and 2% lived in the remaining provinces combined. As with all immigrants, more immigrants from the Philippines live in Toronto than in any other CMA. Immigrants from the Philippines, however, make up a larger share of the total population in Winnipeg than in any other urban area. Almost all immigrants from the Philippines in Canada can speak at least one official language. In 1991, 99% could conduct a conversation in one or both official languages: 3% spoke English and French, 95% could carry on a conversation in English and less than 1% could speak French. At the same time, 43% reported that Tagalog or Filipino was the language they most often spoke at home, 2% HIGHLIGHTS spoke Chinese and another 2% spoke a language other than English or French. Immigrants aged from the Philippines are less likely than other immigrants and the Canadian-born to live with their immediate family. These Filipino immigrants, however, are less likely than people in other groups to live in a common-law relationship or to be a lone parent. Immigrant seniors from the Philippines are less likely than other seniors to live alone, in large part because a relatively large proportion live with members of their extended family. In 1991, 79% of immigrant seniors from the Philippines who did not live with their immediate family lived with other relatives; this compared with only 29% of all immigrant seniors and 18% of those born in Canada. Immigrants from the Philippines are more likely than all immigrants and people born in Canada to be employed. For example, 81% of immigrant men aged from the Philippines were employed in 1991, compared with 78% of all immigrant men and 76% of Canadian-born men in the same age group. There was an even larger gap in employment rates among women. In 1991, 80% of immigrant women aged from the Philippines were employed, versus 62% of all immigrant women and 63% of Canadian-born women in this age range. In fact, the share of immigrant women from the Philippines with jobs in 1991 was almost the same as that for men. The incomes of immigrants from the Philippines are lower than those of people in other groups. In 1990, immigrants from the Philippines had an average income from all sources of $21,700, compared with $23,700 for the Canadian-born Government Gouvernement of Canada du Canada C&I (Philippines) CanadW

2 IMMIGRATION RESEARCH SERIES - PHILIPPINES INTRODUCTION Immigrants have historically made up a substantial proportion of the Canadian population. In 1991, for example, 16% of the population were immigrants. The immigrant population, however, is very diverse; immigrants come from a wide variety of countries and, as a result, have different histories, cultures and economic backgrounds. This report describing the immigrant community from the Philippines is one in a series of profiles of immigrants to Canada. It describes the settlement patterns. family status. education, labour force characteristics, incomes and other aspects of immigrants from the Philippines living in Canada. In most cases, indicators describing the immigrant population from the Philippines are compared with those of the overall immigrant and Canadian-born populations. These comparisons provide a sense of how immigrants from the Philippines have integrated into Canadian society. The information used in this report is from either the 1991 Census of Canada or Citizenship and Immigration Canada administrative files. The census data describe the various populations living in Canada at the time of the 1991 Census. The data from Citizenship and Immigration Canada provide the number of immigrants arriving in Canada each year. - COUNTRY PROFILES: TITLES IN THIS SERIES Germany Hong Kong India Italy Lebanon Netherlands People's Republic of China Philippines Poland Portugal United Kingdom United States Vietnam Total Immigrant Population Canadian Population AGE STANDARDIZATION Direct comparisons between immigrant groups and the population born in Canada can be affected by differences in the age structures of these groups and age can have a substantial effect on many socioeconomic variables. As a result, for the purposes of this report, the data for several key variables have been age-standardized and these figures have been presented along with the actual data to provide some assessment of the effect of age on these particular variables. The variables that have been agestandardized are fertility levels, levels of educational attainment, employment levels, unemployment rates, average incomes and the percentage of the population with low incomes. For more information on age standardization, see End note 3. Citizenship and Immigration Canada Internet address: Government of Canada Primary Internet site address: This site is the Internet electronic access point through which Internet users around the world can obtain information about Canada, its government and its services. Direct links are also provided from this site to government departments and agencies that have Internet facilities. For additional information, please write to the following address: Public Affairs Branch Citizenship and Immigration Canada 19th Floor, 365 Laurier Ave. West Ottawa, Ontario K1A 1L1 Fax: (613) Minister Suppy and Services Canada 1996 Cat. No.: Ci62-2/ ISBN

3 IMMIGRATION RESEARCH SERIES - PHILIPPINES Profile of Immigrants from the Philippines in Canada There are a substantial number of immigrants from the Philippines' currently living in Canada. At the time of the 1991 Census, there were 123,300 people born in the Philippines living in Canada, representing 3% of all immigrants. Immigrants born in the Philippines made up 0.4% of the total Canadian population that year. Chart 1 Annual number of immigrants from the Philippines arriving in Canada, to s Immigrants from the Philippines, however, currently make up one of the largest groups of immigrants arriving in Canada from any one country. In 1993 and 1994, for example, a total of almost 40,000 immigrants born in the Philippines arrived in Canada, representing over 8% of all immigrants in this period. Immigrants from the Philippines also made up over 5% of all immigrants who arrived in Canada in the early 1990s. In contrast, immigrants from the Philippines represented less than 1% of all immigrants arriving in Canada each year in the mid- 1960s (see Chart 1 and 2). Given this pattern, most immigrants from the Philippines living in Canada today are relatively recent arrivals. Indeed, over half (52%) of those living in Canada at the time of the 1991 Census arrived in the 1980s, while another 39% came between 1971 and In contrast, 8% arrived in Canada in the 1960s and less than 1% arrived before Year of arrival 1 Before 1961, the Philippines was included in "Other Countries, not British". Source: Citizenship and Immigration Canada, Immigration Statistics. Chart 2 Annual number of immigrants from the Philippines arriving in Canada, as a percentage of all immigrants, 1961' to 1994 c/o Year of arrival Before 1961, the Philippines was included in "Other Countries, not British". Source: Citizenship and Immigration Canada, Immigration Statistics. 3

4 IMMIGRATION RESEARCH SERIES - PHILIPPINES Canadian citizenship Despite the fact that most immigrants from the Philippines are relatively recent arrivals in Canada, the majority are now Canadian citizens. As of 1991, 87% of those eligible to apply for citizenship had become Canadian citizens. As with all immigrants, the share of immigrants from the Philippines with Canadian citizenship is highest among those who have been in the country the longest. In fact, 95% of those living in Canada in 1991 who immigrated prior to 1971, and 93% of those who came between 1971 and 1980 were Canadian citizens, compared with 73% of those who arrived in the period. Whatever their period of immigration, immigrants from the Philippines are considerably more likely than their counterparts in the overall immigrant population to have Canadian citizenship. For example, of those who arrived in the period, 73% of immigrants from the Philippines, versus 65% of all immigrants, were Canadian citizens. Similarly, 93% of immigrants from the Philippines, compared with 78% of all immigrants who arrived between 1971 and 1980, were Canadian citizens, while the figures were 95% and 88%, respectively, among those who arrived before 1971 (see Chart 3). 4 Chart 3 Percentage of immigrants with Canadian citizenship, by period of immigration, 1991 ova Immigrants from the Philippines El All immigrants Before All eligible immigrants Source: Statistics Canada, 1991 Census of Canada. Provincial distribution The largest share of immigrants from the Philippines reside in Ontario. In 1991, 50% lived in Ontario, while 20% lived in British Columbia, 13% resided in Manitoba, 10% were in Alberta, 6% lived in Quebec and 2% lived in the remaining provinces combined. Immigrants from the Philippines represent a larger part of overall population in Manitoba than in any other province, although they represent a relatively small proportion of the population in all provinces. In 1991, immigrants from the Philippines made up 1.5% of all residents in Manitoba, compared with around 0.5% of those in British Columbia, Ontario and Alberta, and less than 0.5% of those in each of the other provinces. Period of immigration Urban dwellers The immigrant population from the Philippines is highly urbanized. Indeed, in 1991, 95% of all immigrants from the Philippines lived within a Census Metropolitan Area (CMA), compared with 84% of all immigrants and 56% of the Canadian-born population. As with all immigrants, more immigrants from the Philippines live in Toronto than in any other CMA. In 1991, 42% resided in Toronto, while 17% lived Vancouver, 13% in Winnipeg, 6% in Montreal, 5% in Calgary and 4% in Edmonton. Immigrants from the Philippines, however, make up a larger share of the total CMA population in Winnipeg than in any other urban area. In

5 IMMIGRATION RESEARCH SERIES - PHILIPPINES 1991, immigrants from the Philippines represented 2.5% of all residents of Winnipeg, while they made up just over 1% of those living in Toronto and Vancouver and less than 1% of those in the other CMAs. Age distribution Immigrants from the Philippines are more likely than people born in Canada to be aged In 1991, 49% of all immigrants from the Philippines were in this age range, compared with 33% of people born in Canada. Immigrants from the Philippines are also more likely than people born in Canada to be aged 45-64: 22% versus 18%. On the other hand, the proportion of immigrants from the Philippines who were aged 65 or over (8%) was below the figure for the Canadian-born population (10%). At the same time, 21% of immigrants from the Philippines were under age 25, compared with 39% of the Canadian-born population. 1 Immigrants from the Philippines are also more likely than the overall immigrant population to be aged They are also more likely to be under age 25, while they are less likely to be in age groups over age 45. As with the rest of the population, women make up the majority of elderly immigrants from the Philippines. In 1991, 60% of Chart 4 Language most often spoken in the home by immigrants from the Philippines, 1991 Rio so English 42.8 Tagalog (Filipino) Source: Statistics Canada, 1991 Census of Canada. immigrants from the Philippines who were aged 65 and over were female, as were 56% of all immigrant seniors and 57% of seniors born in Canada. Language Almost all immigrants from the Philippines in Canada can speak at least one official language. In 1991, 99% could conduct a conversation in one or both official languages: 3% spoke English and French, 95% could carry on a conversation in English, and less than 1% could speak French. At the same time, only 1% could not speak either English or French. At the same time, a large share of immigrants from the Philippines living in Canada in 1991 spoke a language other than one of the official languages most often in their 2.4 mom Chinese 0.1 French 2.4 Other home. In 1991, 43% reported that Tagalog or Filipino was the language they most often spoke at home, while 2% spoke Chinese and another 2% spoke some other language. At the same time, the majority of immigrants from the Philippines (52%) spoke English most often in their home and less than 1% spoke French (see Chart 4). Religion The large majority of immigrants from the Philippines are Roman Catholics. In 1991, 87% reported they were affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church, while 11% were Protestant, 1% were affiliated with some other religious group and 2% had no religious affiliation. 5

6 IMMIGRATION RESEARCH SERIES - PHILIPPINES Family status Among those aged 15-64, immigrants from the Philippines are less likely than other immigrants and the Canadian-born to live with their immediate family.2 In 1991, 81% of immigrants from the Philippines aged lived with members of their immediate family, compared with 86% of all immigrants and 84% of the Canadian-born population in this age range. These immigrants from the Philippines, however, were less likely than people in other groups to live in a common-law relationship or to be a lone parent. For example, 2% of immigrants aged from the Philippines were a common-law partner in 1991, compared with 4% of all immigrants and 12% of people born in Canada in this age range. Similarly, 4% of immigrant women aged from the Philippines were lone parents that year, versus 7% of both all immigrant women and those born in Canada. Unlike their counterparts aged 15-64, immigrant seniors from the Philippines are more likely than other seniors to live with members of their immediate family. In 1991, 68% of immigrants aged 65 and over from the Philippines lived with their family, compared with 62% of all immigrant seniors and 61% of Canadian-born seniors. Immigrant seniors from the Philippines are also less likely than other seniors to live alone. In 1991, just 5% of immigrant seniors from the Philippines lived alone, compared 6 with 25% of all immigrants aged 65 and over and 29% of seniors born in Canada. Immigrant seniors from the Philippines are less likely to live alone, in large part because a relatively large proportion live with members of their extended family. In 1991, 79% of immigrant seniors from the Philippines who did not live with their immediate family lived with other relatives. This compared with only 29% of all immigrant seniors and 18% of those born in Canada. Fertility levels Immigrant women from the Philippines have generally had about the same number of children as women born in Canada. For example, immigrant women aged who had ever been married had had an average of 1.6 children as of 1991, the same figure for their counterparts born in Canada, but below that for all immigrant women (1.8). As well, when differences in age are taken into consideration3, the fertility level of these immigrant women from the Philippines dropped to 1.5. Education Immigrants from the Philippines are more likely than all immigrants and people born in Canada to have a university degree. In 1991, 29% of immigrants aged 15 and over from the Philippines, compared with 14% of all immigrants and 11% of the population born in Canada, had a university degree. As well, there was little change in the share of the immigrant population from the Philippines with a university degree when differences in age are taken into consideration. 3 Immigrants from the Philippines are also less likely than people in these other groups to have less than a Grade 9 education. In 1991, just 7% of immigrants aged 15 and over from the Philippines, compared with 19% of all immigrants and 13% of the Canadian-born population, had less than a Grade 9 education. Again, this pattern remains substantially the same when differences in age are taken into consideration.3 Young immigrant adults from the Philippines are about as likely as other young adults to be attending school. In 1991, 64% of immigrants aged from the Philippines were in school either full-time or part-time, as were 64% of all immigrants and 61% of the Canadianborn in this age group. There are also some differences in the types of training acquired by immigrants from the Philippines and all immigrants and people born in Canada. For example, 22% of immigrant men from the Philippines with postsecondary qualifications in 1991 were graduates of professional programs in engineering, mathematics and applied science, compared with 17% of all immigrant men and 9% of men born in Canada. Immigrant men from the Philippines with postsecondary training were also more likely than men in these other groups to be graduates of healthrelated programs and commerce, business administration and management programs.

7 IMMIGRATION RESEARCH SERIES - PHILIPPINES Among women, the largest number of immigrants from the Philippines with postsecondary qualifications are graduates of health-related programs. In 1991, 32% had training in these fields, versus just under 20% of their counterparts among both all immigrant women and those born in Canada. Another large share of immigrant women from the Philippines (31%) were graduates of commerce, business administration and management programs, slightly above the figure for both all immigrant women (29%) and those born in Canada (30%). Immigrant women from the Philippines were also more likely than women in these other groups to be graduates of professional programs in mathematics, engineering and applied science. Employment characteristics Immigrants from the Philippines are more likely than all immigrants and people born in Canada to be employed. For example, 81% of immigrant men aged from the Philippines were employed in 1991, compared with 78% of all immigrant men and 76% of Canadian-born men in the same age group. There was an even larger gap in employment rates among women. In 1991, 80% of immigrant women aged from the Philippines were employed, versus 62% of all immigrant women and 63% of Canadian-born women in this age range. In fact, the share of immi- grant women with jobs in 1991 was almost the same as that for men. As well, the employment rates of both immigrant men and women remain substantially the same when differences in age are taken into consideration.3 Immigrants from the Philippines with jobs, however, are less likely to be self-employed than workers in other groups. In 1991, just 5% of employed immigrant men from the Philippines were self-employed in 1991, compared with 16% of all immigrant men and 12% of Canadian-born men. Similarly, only 3% of immigrant women from the Philippines with jobs in 1991 owned their own businesses, versus 8% of all employed immigrant women and 6% of those born in Canada. Immigrant men from the Philippines are also less likely than men in other groups to have full-time, full-year jobs. In 1991, 57% of employed immigrant men from the Philippines worked full-time, full-year, compared with 63% of all immigrant men and 59% of Canadian-born men. On the other hand, the proportion of employed immigrant women from the Philippines who worked at full-time, full-year jobs, 55% in 1991, was higher than figures for both all immigrant women (50%) and with those born in Canada (45%). Occupational distribution There are also differences in the occupational distribution of immi- grants from the Philippines and those of all immigrants and people born in Canada. Among men, for example, 38% of employed immigrants from the Philippines worked in clerical, sales or service jobs, versus 26% of both all immigrant and Canadian-born men with jobs. Immigrant men from the Philippines were also more likely than men in these other groups to work in manufacturing, while they were less likely to work in construction or in professional and management occupations. In the latter case, 25% of immigrant men from the Philippines worked in professional and management jobs, compared with 32% of all employed male immigrants, and 27% of those born in Canada. Employed immigrant women from the Philippines are more likely than their counterparts in the overall immigrant and Canadian-born work forces to be in professional and management occupations. In 1991, 35% of immigrant women from the Philippines held jobs in these fields, versus 30% of all immigrant women and 33% of those born in Canada. In fact, over 20% of all immigrant women from the Philippines with jobs worked in health-related fields that year. As with other groups of women, however, the largest share of employed immigrant women from the Philippines, 54% in 1991, had clerical, sales or service jobs. Unemployment Immigrants from the Philippines have a relatively low unemployment rate. In 1991, 6.9% of all immigrant labour force participants from the 7

8 IMMIGRATION RESEARCH SERIES - PHILIPPINES Philippines were unemployed, compared with around 10% of both all immigrant and Canadianborn labour force participants. When differences in age are taken into consideration 3, however, the unemployment rate of immigrants from the Philippines was 8.1%, although this was still well below the figures for both all immigrants and people born in Canada. Chart 5 Unemployment rates, by age, 1991 /ci V Immigrants from the Philippines El All immigrants 13 Canadian-born As in other groups, unemployment rates among immigrants from the Philippines are highest among young adults. In 1991, 13.3% of male immigrant labour force participants aged from the Philippines, and 9.6% of females were unemployed. This compared with 7.4% and 5.6% among their respective counterparts aged 25 and over. Unemployment rates among immigrants from the Philippines, however, were well below those of both all immigrants and people born in Canada in the same age and gender grouping (see Chart 5). Income The incomes of immigrants from the Philippines are lower than those of people in other groups. In 1990, immigrants from the Philippines had an average income from all sources of $21,700, compared with $25,300 for all immigrants and $23,700 for the Canadianborn. As well, when differences in age are taken into consideration 3, the average income of immigrants from the Philippines was $20,400. Men Women Men Women People aged Source: Statistics Canada, 1991 Census of Canada. As with other groups, immigrant men from the Philippines have higher average incomes than their female counterparts. In fact, the average income of immigrant men from the Philippines in 1990, at $24,400, was over 20% greater than that of immigrant women from the Philippines ($19,800). There is also variation in the incomes of immigrants from the Philippines in different age groups. In 1990, immigrants aged from the Philippines had an average income from all sources of $22,800, over twice the figure for those aged 65 and over ($10,600). For both groups, however, the average incomes of immigrants from the Philippines were lower than those of all immigrants and the Canadianborn population in the same age range. People aged 25 and over Income from transfer payments Immigrants from the Philippines receive a much smaller share of their income from government transfer payments than people in other groups. In 1990, just 7% of all income of immigrants from the Philippines came from these sources, compared with 12% of that of all immigrants, and 11% of that of the Canadian-born population. As in other groups, immigrant seniors from the Philippines receive a much larger share of their income from government transfer payments than their counterparts under age 65. In 1990, 53% of all 8

9 IMMIGRATION RESEARCH SERIES - PHILIPPINES income of immigrants from the Philippines aged 65 and over came from these programs, compared with 4% of that of those aged In fact, the share of the income of. senior immigrants from the Philippines coming from transfer payments (53%) was higher than the figures for both all immigrant (45%) and Canadian-born (46%) seniors. In contrast, the share of the income of immigrants from the Philippines aged coming from these programs (4%) was lower than the figure among all immigrants (6%) and people born in Canada (7%) in this age range. Chart 6 Percentage with low income, by age, Immigrants from the Philippines L3 All immigrants O Canadian-born V 4.8 Under and over Total population Age group Population with low income Immigrants from the Philippines are somewhat more likely than people born in Canada to have low incomes. In 1990, 19% of immigrants from the Philippines had incomes below Statistics Canada's Lowincome Cut-offs, about the same figure for all immigrants, but above that for the Canadian-born population, 15% of whom lived in a lowincome situation that year. As well, when differences in age are taken into consideration3, the gap between the proportions of immigrants from the Philippines and people born in Canada with low incomes increases slightly. However, the age-standardized low-income rate of immigrants from the Philippines, at 20%, was below the age-standardized figure for all immigrants (24%). Source: Statistics Canada,1991 Census of Canada. Among immigrants from the Philippines, seniors are more likely to have low incomes than those under age 65. In 1990, 26% of immigrants aged 65 and over from the Philippines lived in a low-income situation, compared with 19% of those aged 15-24, and 17% of those aged The share of immigrant seniors from the Philippines with low incomes (26%) was also higher than that for all immigrant seniors (22%) and Canadian-born seniors (18%) (see Chart 6). I The immigrant population from the Philippines refers to those with landed-immigrant status (whether or not they are currently Canadian citizens) born in the Philippines. It is important to note that children born in Canada to immigrants from the Philippines are not included in the immigrant population from the Philippines, but are included in the Canadian-born population. As well, the data in this report include only the non-institutionalized population in the various groups. Persons in institutions include those in hospitals and related institutions, special care facilities for the elderly or chronically ill, children's group homes and orphanages, and correctional and penal institutions. 2 Persons living with their family include spouses (either married or common-law), lone parents, and never-married children living at home. Persons not living with their family include those living alone, in an extended family with other relatives, or with unrelated persons. 3 Socio-economic indicators, such as fertility levels, educational attainment levels, employment levels, unemployment rates, average income, and the incidence of low income may be affected by the age distribution of a population. Therefore, in order to compare two or more populations, it is useful to eliminate the effects of differences in age structures. This is done using a procedure known as age standardization. For selected socio-economic data in this profile, both the immigrant population from the Philippines and the total immigrant population have been standardized or adjusted so that they have the same age structure as the Canadian-born population. Age-standardized figures may differ from actual figures, but they make comparisons between immigrants from the Philippines, all immigrants and the Canadian-born population more meaningful. 9

10 Table 1 Selected characteristics of immigrants from the Philippines', all immigrants, people born in Canada, and the total Canadian population, Selected data standardized for age are also presented. Immigrants from the Philippines' Total immigrant population Canadian-born population Total Canadian population 3 Total population 123,300 4,342,890 22,427,740 26,994,040 As % of total immigrant population As % of total Canadian population % aged Less than and over Period of immigration (%) Before Knowledge of official languages (%) English only French only Both Neither % living with families Aged and over % aged 65 and over not in family living with other relatives % of women aged who are lone parents Number of children ever born to ever-married women aged Standardized % with university degree Standardized % with less than grade Standardized % of population aged attending school % aged employed Men Standardized Women Standardized % self-employed Men Women % employed full-time, full-year Men Women % unemployed Standardized

11 IMMIGRATION RESEARCH SERIES - PHILIPPINES Immigrants from the Philippines' Total immigrant population Canadian-born population Total Canadian population 3 Average income ($) Both sexes 21,712 25,318 23,749 24,001 Standardized 4 20,356 23,904 Men 24,439 32,089 29,837 30,205 Standardized 4 23,703 29,837 Women 19,833 18,266 17,457 17,577 Standardized4 18,121 17,647 People aged ,755 27,010 24,435 24,841 Standardized4 21,917 24, People aged 65 and over 10,628 18,608 19,476 19,236 % income from government transfer payments T. with low income Standardized Source: Statistics Canada, 1991 Census of Canada. 1 Includes people born in the Philippines who are, or have been, landed immigrants to Canada. 2 All data are shown for the non-institutionalized population. 3 Includes non-permanent residents. 4 Figures for the immigrant populations are age-standardized to the Canadian-born population. e 11

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13 Les profits Analyse de donnees demographiques et socio-economiques particulieres RECHERCHES EN IMMIGRATION PHILIPPINES CONTENU Faits saillants 1 Introduction 2 Profil des immigrants des Philippines vivant au Canada 3 Citoyennete canadienne 4 Repartition selon les provinces 4 Citadins 4 Repartition selon rage 5 Langue 5 Religion 5 Situation de famine 5 Fecondite 6 Scolarite t 6 Situation du point ale vue de remploi 1 t 7 Repartition selort4a profession 7 Chomage 8 Revenu 8 Revenu provenant des paiements de transfert 8 Population a faible revenu 9 Note Ce rapport a ete prepare par Statistique Canada, en collaboration avec Citoyennete et Immigration Canada. La publication conjointe de cet ensemble de rapports se veut une contribution a!information du public et a Ia recherche en matiere de donnees demographiques particulieres sur le Canada. LES IMMIGRANTS DES PHILIPPINES AU CANADA Au moment du Recensement de 1991, personnes nees aux Philippines vivaient au Canada, celles-ci representant alors 3 % de l'ensemble de la population immigrante. Par ailleurs, les Philippins de naissance forment un des groupes d'immigrants les plus nombreux a venir s'etablir au Canada de nos jours. En 1993 et 1994, par exemple, au total pres de immigrants nes aux Philippines sont venus s'etablir au Canada, ceux-ci formant plus de 8 % des immigrants arrives au cours de ces deux annees. La majorite des immigrants philippins qui vivent au Canada ont la citoyennete canadienne. En 1991, 87 % des immigrants philippins admissibles a la citoyennete canadienne avaient obtenu ce statut. Toutes proportions gardees, les immigrants philippins sont en outre beaucoup plus nombreux que l'ensemble des immigrants a obtenir la citoyennete canadienne et ce, quelle que soit Ia periode d'immigration. Les immigrants philippins vivent principalement en Ontario. En 1991, 50 d'entre eux habitaient ]'Ontario, alors que 20 % vivaient en Colombie-Britannique, 13 %, au Manitoba, 10 %, en Alberta et 6 %, au Quebec, l'ensemble des autres provinces en comptant au total 2 %. Comme pour l'ensemble de la population immigrante, de toutes les region metropolitaine de recensement, c'est dans celle de Toronto que vivent le plus d'immigrants philippins. C'est toutefois a Winnipeg que ces immigrants forment le pourcentage le plus eleve de la population urbaine. Presque tous les immigrants philippins qui vivent au Canada parlent au moins une des deux langues officielles du pays. En 1991, 99 % d'entre eux pouvaient mener une conversation soit en frangais, soit en anglais ou dans les deux langues officielles : 3 % parlaient frangais et anglais, 95 % pouvaient avoir une conversation en anglais et moins de 1 % parlaient frangais. Parallelement, 43 % des immigrants philippins ont declare que le tagalog ou filipino etait la langue d'usage a la maison, alors que 2 % ont OL 1.99Z III 3 VOVNV3 anousava 31103H ALIVEI9 1 VOVNVO 931.1ALLVIS FAITS SAILLANTS indique le chinois et 2 % ont indique une langue autre que l'anglais et le frangais. Toutes proportions gardees, les immigrants philippins ages de 15 a 64 ans sont moins nombreux que les autres immigrants et que les personnes nees au Canada a vivre avec des membres de leur famille immediate. Its sont egalement moins nombreux que les personnes des deux autres groupes a vivre en union de fait ou a etre chef de famille monoparentale. Chez les 65 ans et plus, ils sont moins nombreux a vivre seuls, cette dentiere tendance tenant en grande partie au fait qu'une proportion relativement elevee d'entre eux vivent avec des membres de leur famille elargie. En 1991, par exemple, 79 % des immigrants philippins ages qui ne vivaient pas avec des membres de leur famille immediate habitaient avec d'autres membres de leur famille, alors que les proportions correspondantes n'etaient que de 29 % de l'ensemble des immigrants ages et de 18 % des personnes agees flees au Canada. Les immigrants des Philippines sont proportionnellement plus nombreux que l'ensemble des immigrants et que les Canadiens de naissance a faire partie de la population active occupee. Chez les hommes ages de 15 a 64 ans, par exemple, 81 % des immigrants philippins etaient occupes en 1991, comparativement 78 % de l'ensemble des hommes immigrants et A 76 % des hommes nes au Canada. La difference etait encore plus marquee chez les femmes. Ainsi, 80 % des immigrantes philippines agees de 15 a 64 ans etaient occupees en 1991, contre 62 % de l'ensemble des immigrantes et 63 % des Canadiennes de naissance du meme groupe d'age. En fait, chez les immigrants des Philippines, Ia proportion de femmes occupees en 1991 etait presque identique au pourcentage des hommes occupes. Enfin, le revenu des immigrants philippins est inferieur a celui des personnes des autres groupes. En 1990, le revenu moyen de toutes sources des immigrants philippins etait de $, alors qu'il etait de $ pour les personnes nees au Canada. Gouvernement Governme$00 du Canada of Canada C& (Philippines) CanaM.

14 RECHERCHES EN IMMIGRATION - PHILIPPINES INTRODUCTION Tout au long de notre histoire, les immigrants ont represents une proportion importante de la population du Canada; en 1991, par exemple, ils formaient 16 % de notre population. La population immigrante est toutefois fortement diversifiee: les immigrants proviennent en effet de plusieurs pays differents, avec une histoire, une culture et des antecedents economiques distincts. Le present rapport, consacre a la communaute immigrante des Philippines, s'inscrit dans une sane de profils sur les immigrants au Canada. On y decrit les tendances d'etablissement, la situation de famille, la scolarite, les caracteristiques de la population active, le revenu et d'autres particularites des immigrants philippins qui vivent au Canada. Dans la plupart des cas, nous comparons les indicateurs decrivant la population immigrante des Philippines aux indicateurs qui s'appliquent ('ensemble des immigrants et a la population née au Canada. Ces comparaisons permettent d'evaluer le degre d'integration des immigrants philippins a la societe canadienne. Les donnees citees dans le present rapport sont extraites du Recensement du Canada de 1991 ou des dossiers administratifs de Citoyennete et Immigration Canada. Les donnees du recensement decrivent les diverses populations qui vivaient au Canada au moment du Recensement de Les donnees obtenues de Citoyennete et Immigration Canada indiquent pour leur part le nombre d'immigrants qui arrivent chaque année au Canada. TITRES DES PROFILS DE PAYS Allemagne Hong Kong Inde Italie Liban Pays-Bas Republique populaire de Chine Philippines Pologne Portugal Royaume-Uni Etats-Unis d'amerique Vietnam Population totale d'immigrants Population du Canada NORMALISATION SELON L'AGE Les comparaisons directes entre les groupes d'immigrants et la population née au Canada peuvent etre affectees par des differences dans les structures par age propres a ces groupes, et rage peut influer de fawn marquee sur de nombreuses variables socioeconomiques. Par consequent, aux fins du present rapport, les donnees relatives a plusieurs variables cies ont ete normalisees selon l'age et presentees avec les donnees reelles, en vue de montrer les repercussions de rage sur ces variables particulieres. Les variables normalisees selon l'age sont les niveaux de fecondite, les niveaux de scolarite, les niveaux d'emploi, les taux de chomage, les revenus moyens et le pourcentage de la population ayant un faible revenu. Pour plus de renseignements sur la normalisation selon rage, priere de se reporter a la note de fin de document n 3. Citoyennete et Immigration Canada Adresse sur Internet : Gouvernement du Canada Adresse pour le site primaire : Ce site primaire donne aux usagers d'internet partout dans le monde la possibilite d'avoir acces a des renseignements au sujet du Canada, de son gouvernement et ses services. Ce site permet egalement d'acceder directement aux ministeres et organismes qui sont deja sur Internet. Pour de plus amples renseignements, veuillez vous ecrire l'adresse suivante : Direction generale des affaires publiques Citoyennete et Immigration Canada 365, avenue Laurier Ouest Ottawa (Ontario) K1A 1L1 Telecopieur : (613) Ministre des Approvisionnements Canada 1996 N au cat. : Ci62-2/ ISBN

15 RECHERCHES EN IMMIGRATION- PHILIPPINES Profil des immigrants des Philippines vivant au Canada Un nombre appreciable d'immigrants des Philippines' vivent actuellement au Canada. Au moment du Recensement de 1991, personnes nees aux Philippines vivaient en effet au Canada, celles-ci representant alors 3 % de la population immigrante et 0,4 % de la population totale du Canada. Par ailleurs, les immigrants philippins forment un des groupes d'immigrants les plus nombreux venir s'etablir au Canada de nos jours. En 1993 et 1994, par exemple, au total pres de immigrants nes aux Philippines sont arrives au Canada, ce nombre representant plus de 8 % des immigrants arrives au cours de ces deux annees. Les immigrants des Philippines ont egalement forme plus de 5 % de la population immigrante arrivant au Canada au debut des annees 90; par comparaison, ils representaient moms de 1 % de la population immigrante annuelle au Canada au milieu des annees 60 (voir les graphiques 1 et 2). En consequence, la plupart des immigrants philippins qui vivent actuellement au Canada sont arrives au pays assez recemment. De fait, plus de la moitie (52 %) de ceux etablis au Canada au moment du Recensement de 1991 sont arrives durant les annees 80 et 39 % ont immigre entre 1971 et Seulement 8 % avaient immigre au Canada durant les annees 60 et moths de 1 % etaient des immigrants arrives avant Graphique 1 Nombre annuel d'immigrants des Philippines arrives au Canada, de 1961' a s Armee d'arrivee Avant 1961, les Philippines etaient incluses dans la categorie.autres pays, territoires non britanniques.. Source: Citoyennete et Immigration Canada, Statistiaues d'immigration. Graphique 2 Nombre annuel d'immigrants des Philippines arrives au Canada, en pourcentage de ('ensemble des immigrants, de a Armee d'arrivee 1 Avant 1961, les Philippines etaient incluses dans la categorie.autres pays, territoires non britanniques'. Source : Citoyennete et Immigration Canada Statistiaues d'immigration. 3

16 RECHERCHES EN IMMIGRATION - PHILIPPINES Citoyennete canadienne Bien que la plupart des immigrants philippins vivent au pays depuis une periode relativement courte, la majorite d'entre eux ont aujourd'hui la citoyennete canadienne. En 1991, 87 % de ceux qui etaient admissibles a la citoyennete canadienne avaient obtenu ce statut. Par ailleurs, comme dans l'ensemble de la population immigrante, c'est parmi les Philippins de naissance etablis au pays depuis le plus longtemps que se retrouve la plus forte proportion de citoyens canadiens. Ainsi, parmi les immigrants philippins qui vivaient au Canada en 1991, 95 % de ceux qui avaient immigre avant 1971, de!name que 93 % de ceux arrives entre 1971 et 1980, etaient citoyens canadiens, comparativement a 73 % des immigrants philippins arrives entre 1981 et En outre, les immigrants philippins sont proportionnellement beaucoup plus nombreux que l'ensemble des immigrants a avoir la citoyennete canadienne et ce, quelle que soit la periode d'immigration. Parmi les immigrants arrives entre 1981 et 1987, par exemple, 73 % des Philippins etaient citoyens canadiens en 1991, contre 65 % de l'ensemble des immigrants. De meme, 93 % des immigrants philippins arrives entre 1971 et 1980 etaient citoyens canadiens, comparativement 78 % de l'ensemble des immigrants arrives durant la meme periode, les proportions respectives pour les immigrants arrives avant 1971 etant de 95 % et de 88 % (voir le graphique 3). Graphique 3 Pourcentage des immigrants ayant la citoyennete canadienne, selon la periode d'immigration, en 1991 % Immigrants des Philippines 0 Ensemble des immigrants ,0 93,2 87,5 86, ,1 Avant A 1987 Ensemble des immigrants Periode dim migration admissibles Source : Statistique Canada, Recensement du Canada de Repartition selon les provinces La plus forte proportion d'immigrants philippins se retrouve en Ontario. En effet, 50 % d'entre eux vivaient en Ontario en 1991, alors que 20 % habitaient la Colombie-Britannique, 13 %, le Manitoba, 10 %, l'alberta et 6 %, le Quebec, l'ensemble des autres provinces en comptant au total 2 %. C'est toutefois au Manitoba que les immigrants des Philippines forment le pourcentage le plus eleve de la population provinciale, bien que la, comme dans toutes les autres provinces, cette proportion soit relativement faible. Ainsi, les immigrants philippins formaient 1,5 % de la population du Manitoba en 1991, comparativement environ 0,5 % de la population de la Colombie-Britannique, de l'ontario et de l'alberta et a moms de 0,5 % dans chacune des autres provinces. 72,6 65,0 Citadins 81,0 La population immigrante des Philippines est fortement concentree en milieu urbain. De fait, 95 % de ces immigrants habitaient une region metropolitaine de recensement (RMR) en 1991, comparativement a 84 % de l'ensemble des immigrants et a 56 % de la population née au Canada. De toutes les RMR, c'est en outre celle de Toronto qui compte la plus forte proportion d'immigrants philippins, une tendance qui vaut egalement pour l'ensemble des immigrants. En 1991, 42 % des immigrants philippins habitaient Toronto, alors que 17 % vivaient a Vancouver, 13 %, a Winnipeg, 6 %, a Montreal, 5 %, a Calgary et 4 %, a Edmonton. C'est toutefois dans la RMR de Winnipeg que les immigrants philippins forment le pourcentage le plus Neve de la population urbaine. Toujours en 1991, les immigrants des Philippines 4

17 RECHERCHES EN IMMIGRATION- PHILIPPINES representaient 2,5 % de la population de Winnipeg, comparativement a un peu plus de 1 % de la population de Toronto et de Vancouver et A moins de 1 % de la population de toutes les autres RMR. Graphique 4 Langue la plus souvent Wee a la maison par les immigrants des Philippines, en 1991 Repartition selon rage ,3 42,8 Les immigrants philippins sont proportionnellement plus nombreux que les personnes 'lees au Canada a avoir entre 25 et 44 ans. En 1991, 49 % des immigrants nes aux Philippines appartenaient a ce groupe d'age, comparativement a 33 % de la population née au Canada. Les immigrants philippins sont egalement plus nombreux que les Canadiens de naissance a avoir entre 45 et 64 ans, les proportions respectives etant de 22 % contre 18 %. En revanche, la proportion des 65 ans et plus parmi les immigrants philippins (8 %) etait inferieure au pourcentage parmi la population née au Canada (10 %). Toujours en 1991, 21 % des immigrants philippins avaient moins de 25 ans, comparativement a 39 % des Canadiens nes au paysl. Toutes proportions gardees, les immigrants des Philippines etaient egalement plus nombreux que l'ensemble des immigrants a avoir entre 25 et 44 ans et plus nombreux egalement a etre ages de moins de 25 ans; ils etaient par contre moins nombreux dans les groupes d'age de plus de 45 ans. Enfm, comme dans le reste de la population, les immigrants philippins ages sont en majorite des femmes. En 1991, 60 % des immigrants philippins ages de 65 ans et plus etaient des femmes, ainsi que 56 % de l'ensemble des immigrants ages et 57 % des aines natifs du Canada Anglais Tagalog (Filipino) 2,4 MIME Chinois Source : Statistique Canada, Recensement du Canada de Langue Presque tous les immigrants philippins qui vivent au Canada parlent au moins une des deux langues officielles du pays. En 1991, 99 % d'entre eux pouvaient avoir une conversation soit en francais, soit en anglais ou dans les deux langues officielles : 3 % parlaient francais et anglais, 95 % pouvaient avoir une conversation en anglais et moths de 1 % parlaient francais. Seulement 1 % ne parlaient ni l'anglais, ni le francais. Cependant, pour une grande proportion des immigrants philippins qui vivaient au Canada en 1991, la langue d'usage la maison n'etait ni l'anglais, ni le francais; 43 % d'entre eux ont en effet declare que le tagalog ou filipino etait la langue la plus souvent parlee a la maison, 2 % ont indique le chinois et 2 % ont mentionne une autre langue. La majorite des immigrants philippins, soit 52 %, a toutefois indique que l'anglais 0,1 Francais 2,4 MINN Autre etait la langue d'usage a la maison alors que moths de 1 d'entre eux parlaient le francais (voir le graphique 4). Religion La grande majorite des immigrants des Philippines sont de religion catholique. En 1991, 87 % ont dit avoir cette appartenance religieuse, 11 % etaient protestants, 1 ont indique une autre appartenance religieuse et 2 % seulement ont declare n'en avoir aucune. Situation de famille Parmi les personnes agees de 15 a 64 ans, les immigrants philippins sont proportionnellement moins nombreux que les autres immigrants et que les personnes nees au Canada a vivre avec des membres de leur famille immediate 2. En 1991, par exemple, 5

18 RECHERCHES EN IMMIGRATION - PHILIPPINES 81 % des immigrants philippins ages de 15 a 64 ans vivaient avec des membres de leur famille immediate, comparativement a 86 % de l'ensemble des immigrants et a 84 % de la population née au Canada du meme groupe d'age. Toutes proportions gardees, les immigrants philippins etaient en outre moins nombreux que les personnes des deux autres groupes a vivre en union de fait ou a etre chef de famille monoparentale. Ainsi, en 1991, 2 % des immigrants philippins ages de 25 a 44 ans vivaient en union de fait, comparativement a 4 % de l'ensemble des immigrants et a 12 % de la population née au Canada de ce groupe d'age. De meme, 4 % des immigrantes philippines ages de 15 a 44 ans etaient alors chef de famille monoparentale, contre 7 % de l'ensemble des femmes immigrantes et des Canadiennes de naissance. Contrairement a leurs homologues ages de 15 a 64 ans, les immigrants aines des Philippines sont proportionnellement plus nombreux que les autres personnes agees a habiter avec des membres de leur famille immediate. En 1991, leur proportion etait en effet de 68 %, comparativement a 62 % de l'ensemble des immigrants ages et a 61 % des personnes agees nees au Canada. Les immigrants ages des Philippines sont egalement moins susceptibles de vivre seuls que les autres personnes agees. En effet, seulement 5 % des immigrants philippins ages vivaient seuls en 1991, contre 25 % de l'ensemble des immigrants ages et 29 % de la population 'Agee née au Canada. Cette derniere tendance s'explique en grande partie du fait qu'une proportion relativement &levee des immigrants philippins ages qui n'habitent pas avec des membres de leur famille immediate vivent avec des membres de leur famille elargie. Leur proportion atteignait en effet 79 % en 1991, alors qu'elle n'etait que de 29 % pour l'ensemble des immigrants ages de 65 ans et plus et de 18 % pour les aines natifs du Canada. Fecondite Dans l'ensemble, les immigrantes!lees aux Philippines ont eu a peu pres le meme nombre d'enfants que les Canadiennes de naissance. A titre d'exemple, les immigrantes philippines agees de 15 a 44 ans et ayant deja eta mariees avaient eu en moyenne 1,6 enfant en 1991, soit un niveau identique a celui des Canadiennes de naissance, mais inferieur au niveau de fecondite de l'ensemble des immigrantes (1,8). De plus, lorsqu'on elimine les effets dus a l'age 3, le niveau de fecondite de ces immigrantes des Philippines a diminue a 1,5. Scolarite Toutes proportions gardees, les immigrants des Philippines sont plus nombreux que l'ensemble des immigrants et que les personnes nees au Canada a detenir un diplome universitaire. En 1991, 29 % des immigrants philippins ages de 15 ans et plus contre 14 % de l'ensemble des immigrants et 11 % des personnes nees au Canada du meme groupe d'age etaient diplomes universitaires. Par ailleurs, cette proportion des immigrants philippins &tenant un diplome universitaire est demeuree relativement inchangee apres normalisation des donnees en fonction de l'age3. Les immigrants des Philippines sont en outre proportionnellement moins nombreux que les personnes des deux autres groupes a avoir termine moins de neuf annees d'etudes. En 1991, par exemple, seulement 7 % des immigrants philippins ages de 15 ans et plus comptaient moins de neuf annees d'etudes, comparativement a 19 % de l'ensemble des immigrants et a 13 % de la population née au Canada. Ce profil est lui aussi demeure relativement inchange apres normalisation des donnees en fonction de l'age 3. Parmi les jeunes adultes, les immigrants des Philippines sont aussi susceptibles d'être aux etudes que leurs homologues des autres groupes. En 1991, par exemple, 64 % des immigrants philippins ages de 15 a 24 ans poursuivaient des etudes a temps plein ou a temps partiel, tout comme 64 % de l'ensemble des immigrants et 61 % des personnes nees au Canada de ce groupe d'age. On remarque certaines differences entre les immigrants philippins et l'ensemble des immigrants et les Canadiens de naissance quant au type de formation acquise. Chez les hommes, par exemple, 22 % des immigrants philippins qui avaient termine des etudes postsecondaires en 1991 detenaient un diplome de formation professionnelle en genie, en mathematiques ou en sciences appliquees, comparativement a 17 % de l'ensemble des hommes immigrants et a 9 % des hommes nes au Canada. Toutes proportions gardees, les immigrants philippins ayant fait des etudes postsecondaires etaient egalement plus nombreux que les hommes des deux autres groupes a 'etre diplomes de programmes de formation relies a la sante ou de programmes en commerce, administration des affaires et gestion. Chez les femmes, la plus forte proportion des immigrantes des Philippines ayant complete des etudes postsecondaires a ete observee dans les programmes relies a la sante. Ainsi, 6

19 RECHERCHES EN IMMIGRATION - PHILIPPINES 32 % d'entre elles avaient une formation dans un de ces domains en 1991, comparativement a un peu moins de 20 % de leurs homologues parmi l'ensemble des immigrantes et les Canadiennes de naissance. La proportion des immigrantes philippines diplomees en commerce, administration des affaires et gestion (31 %) etait egalement elevee, cette proportion etant legerement superieure aux pourcentages de l'ensemble des immigrantes (29 %) et des Canadiennes de naissance (30 %). Toutes proportions gardees, les immigrantes des Philippines etaient egalement plus nombreuses que les femmes des deux autres groupes detenir un diplome de formation professionnelle en mathematiques, en genie ou en sciences appliquees. Situation du point de vue de ('emploi Les immigrants des Philippines sont proportionnellement plus nombreux que l'ensemble des immigrants et que les personnel flees au Canada a faire partie de la population active occupee. Chez les hommes Ages de 15 a 64 ans, par exemple, 81 % des immigrants philippins contre 78 % de l'ensemble des hommes immigrants et 76 % des hommes nes au Canada etaient occupes en Un &cart encore plus marque a ete observe chez les femmes. Toujours en 1991, 80 % des immigrantes des Philippines agees de 15 a 64 ans etaient occupees, comparativement a 62 % de l'ensemble des immigrantes et a 63 % des Canadiennes de naissance de ce groupe d'age. En fait, parmi les immigrants des Philippines, la proportion des femmes occupees en 1991 etait presque identique au pourcentage des hommes. Par ailleurs, les niveaux d'emploi des hommes et des femmes nes aux Philippines demeurent essentiellement inchanges lorsqu'on elimine les effets dus a l'age 3. La proportion de travailleurs autonomes est toutefois moins elevee parmi les immigrants occupes des Philippines que parmi les travailleurs des deux autres groupes. En 1991, seulement 5 % des hommes immigrants occupes nes aux Philippines etaient des travailleurs autonomes, comparativement a 16 % de l'ensemble des hommes immigrants et a 12 % des hommes nes au Canada ayant un emploi. De meme, 3 % seulement des immigrantes occupees nees aux Philippines avaient leur propre entreprise en 1991, comparativement 8 % de l'ensemble des immigrantes occupees et a 6 % des femmes occupees flees au Canada. Les immigrants occupes nes aux Philippines sont aussi proportionnellement moins nombreux que les hommes des deux autres groupes a avoir un emploi a temps plein, a Pannee. Leur proportion etait en effet de 57 % en 1991, contre 63 % de l'ensemble des hommes immigrants et 59 % des hommes nes au Canada. Chez les femmes, par contre, la proportion des femmes occupees nees aux Philippines et travaillant a temps plein, a l'annee soit 55 % en 1991 etait superieure aux pourcentages de l'ensemble des immigrantes (50 %) et des femmes nees au Canada (45 %). Repartition selon la profession La repartition selon la profession de la population immigrante des Philippines differe quelque peu du profit des deux autres groupes. Chez les hommes, par exemple, 38 % des immigrants occupes nes aux Philippines travaillaient comme commis ou occupaient un poste specialise dans la vente ou les services, comparativement a 26 % de leurs homologues parmi l'ensemble des immigrants et les hommes nes au Canada. Toutes proportions gardees, les hommes nes aux Philippines etaient egalement plus nombreux que les hommes des autres groupes a travailler dans le domaine manufacturier, mais moins nombreux a travailler dans le domaine de la construction ainsi qu'a exercer une profession liberate ou occuper un poste de gestion. Dans ce dernier cas, 25 % des immigrants nes aux Philippines exercaient une profession liberate ou occupaient un poste de gestion, comparativement a 32 % de l'ensemble des hommes immigrants occupes et a 27 % des hommes occupes nes au Canada. Les immigrantes occupees des Philippines sont plus susceptibles d'exercer une profession liberate ou d'occuper un poste de gestion que leurs homologues parmi l'ensemble des immigrantes et les Canadiennes de naissance. Ainsi, 35 % des immigrantes des Philippines avaient un tel emploi en 1991, contre 30 % de l'ensemble des femmes immigrantes et 33 % des femmes nees au Canada; de fait, cette annee-la, plus de 20 % des immigrantes occupees des Philippines travaillaient dans un domaine retie a la sante. Cependant, comme dans les autres groupes de femmes, la plus forte proportion des femmes occupees nees aux Philippines, soit 54 % en 1991, travaillaient comme commis ou occupaient un poste specialise dans la vente ou les services. 7

20 RECHERCHES EN IMMIGRATION - PHILIPPINES Chomage Graphique 5 Taux de ch6mage, selon rage, en 1991 Le faux de chomage parmi la population immigrante des Philippines est relativement faible. En 1991, 6,9 % de tous les immigrants philippins actifs etaient en chomage, alors que le taux etait d'environ 10 % autant pour l'ensemble des immigrants actifs que pour la population active née au Canada. Bien que le taux de chomage des immigrants philippins etait de 8,1 % apres normalisation en fonction de l'age 3, ce taux demeurait bien endeca du taux de l'ensemble des immigrants et de la population née au Canada ,3 17,6 16,3 16,0 9,6 14,3 7,4 Immigrants des Philippines E2 Ensemble des immigrants 13 Population nee au Canada 10,1 8,9 8,8 8,9 Hommes Femmes Hommes Femmes Personnes agees de 15 a 24 ans Source : Statistique Canada, Recensement du Canada de ,6 Personnes de 25 ans et plus Comme dans les autres groupes, ce sont les jeunes adultes qui, parmi la population immigrante des Philippines, sont les plus durement touches par le chomage. Chez les 15 a 24 ans, 13,3 % des hommes actifs nes aux Philippines, ainsi que 9,6 % des immigrantes de ce pays, etaient en chomage en 1991; par comparaison, les taux de chomage etaient respectivement de 7,4 % et de 5,6 % chez leurs homologues de 25 ans et plus. Les taux de chomage parmi la population immigrante des Philippines etaient toutefois nettement inferieurs aux pourcentages observes dans les groupes correspondants de l'ensemble de la population immigrante et de la population née au Canada (voir le graphique 5). Revenu Les immigrants des Philippines ont un revenu inferieur a celui des personnes des autres groupes. En 1990, le revenu moyen de toutes sources des immigrants philippins etait de $, comparativement a $ pour l'ensemble des immigrants et a $ pour la population née au Canada. Par ailleurs, le revenu moyen des immigrants nes aux Philippines s'etablissait a $ apres normalisation en fonction de l'age 3. Comme dans les autres groupes, les hommes nes aux Philippines disposent d'un revenu moyen superieur a celui de leurs homologues feminines. Ainsi, en 1990, le revenu moyen des immigrants nes aux Philippines ( $) etait superieur de plus de 20 % a celui des immigrantes originaires du meme pays ( $). Le revenu des immigrants des Philippines vane egalement selon le groupe d'age. En 1990, le revenu moyen de toutes sources des immigrants philippins ages de 15 A 64 ans etait de $, soit plus de deux fois le revenu des 65 ans et plus ( $). Dans ces deux groupes, toutefois, le revenu moyen des immigrants des Philippines etait inferieur a celui des groupes correspondants parmi l'ensemble des immigrants et la population née au Canada. Revenu provenant des paiements de transfert Les paiements de transfert du gouvernement representent une proportion beaucoup plus faible du revenu des immigrants philippins que du revenu des personnes des autres groupes. Ainsi, seulement 7 % du revenu des immigrants des Philippines provenait de ces programmes en 1990, comparativement a 12 % du revenu de l'ensemble des immigrants et a 11 % du revenu de la population née au Canada. Cependant, comme dans les autres groupes, les paiements de transfert representent une proportion beaucoup plus elevee du revenu des immigrants philippins Ages de 65 ans et plus que de leurs homologues plus jeunes. Toujours en 1990, ces programmes representaient en effet 53 % du revenu des immigrants ages des Philippines, contre seulement 4 % du revenu des 15 a 64 ans. En fait,

21 RECHERCHES EN IMMIGRATION- PHILIPPINES la proportion du revenu des immigrants philippins ages de 65 ans et plus provenant des paiements de transfert (53 %) etait superieure aux pourcentages pour l'ensemble des immigrants ages (45 %) et pour les personnes agees flees au Canada (46 %); chez les 15 a 64 ans, par contre, les paiements de transfert formaient une part moths importante du revenu des immigrants philippins (4 %) que du revenu de l'ensemble des immigrants (6 %) et des personnes flees au Canada (7 %). Graphique 6 Pourcentage de gens a faible revenu, selon rage, en 1990 cyo ,8 27,9 16,6 16,0 25,6 Immigrants des Philippines 12 Ensemble des immigrants C1Population née au Canada 18,5 19,4 Population a faible revenu Toutes proportions gardees, les immigrants des Philippines sont un peu plus nombreux que les personnes 'lees au Canada a avoir un faible revenu. En 1990, par exemple, 19 % des immigrants des Philippines avaient un revenu inferieur aux seuils de faible revenu etablis par Statistique Canada une proportion comparable a celle de l'ensemble des immigrants mais superieure au pourcentage des personnes flees au Canada dont 15 % etaient a faible revenu cette annee-1a. Par ailleurs, cet &art entre la population immigrante des Philippines et la population née au Canada, quant au pourcentage de personnes a faible revenu, augmente legerement lorsqu'on elimine les effets dus a l'age 3. Le taux normalise selon Page des immigrants philippins a faible revenu soit 20 % etait toutefois inferieur au taux normalise selon l'age pour l'ensemble des immigrants (24 %). Enfm, parmi la population immigrante des Philippines, les antis sont proportionnellement plus nombreux que les moths de 65 ans a avoir un faible revenu. En 1990, 26 % des immigrants Mains de 15 ans 15x24 25x64 Groupe d'age Source : Statistique Canada, Recensement du Canada de philippins ages de 65 ans et plus etaient a faible revenu, comparativement a 19% des 15 A 24 ans et A 17 % des 25 A 64 ans. Cette proportion des aines philippins a faible revenu (26 %) etait en outre superieure au pourcentage de l'ensemble des immigrants ages (22 %) et des personnes agees!lees au Canada (18 %) (voir le graphique 6). 1 L'expression «immigrants des Philippines» fait reference a des personnes nees aux Philippines qui ont le statut d'immigrant recu (qu'elles possedent actuellement la citoyennete canadienne ou non). Il est important de souligner que les enfants nes au Canada d'immigrants des Philippines ne sont pas inclus dans la population immigrante des Philippines mais sont plutot inclus dans la population née au Canada. De plus, les donnees citees dans le present rapport portent uniquement sur la population hors etablissement dans les differents groupes. Le terme «etablissement» fait reference aux hopitaux ou autres etablissements connexes, aux etablissements de soins speciaux pour personnes agees ou pour malades chroniques, aux foyers et aux orphelinats pour enfants, ainsi qu'aux etablissements correctionnels et penitentiaires. 65 ans et plus Ensemble de la population 2 L'expression «personnes vivant avec des membres de leur famille» comprend les conjoints (par le manage ou de fait), les parents seuls et les enfants n'ayant jamais ete manes et vivant a la maison. L'expression «personnes ne vivant pas avec des membres de leur famille» comprend les personnes vivant seules et celles vivant dans une famine elargie avec d'autres parents, ou avec des personnes non apparentees. 3 La repartition selon Page d'une population peut influer sur des indicateurs socio-economiques comme les niveaux de fecondite, les niveaux de scolarite, les niveaux d'emploi, les taux de chomage, le revenu moyen et l'incidence du faible revenu. Par consequent, pour comparer deux populations ou plus, it est utile d'eliminer les effets dus aux differences clans les structures par age, en utilisant pour ce faire la methode de normalisation en fonction de l'age. Pour certaines donnees socio-economiques indiquees dans le present rapport, les donnees pour les immigrants des Philippines et celles pour l'ensemble des immigrants ont ete normalisees ou corrigees, afm que les structures par age correspondent a celles de la population née au Canada. Les chiffres normalises en fonction de rage peuvent differer des chiffres reels, mais ils rendent les comparaisons entre les immigrants des Philippines, l'ensemble des immigrants et la population née au Canada plus significatives. 9