Gdynia, Poland, 2004/8/5~10. TEST ONE: Fieldtrip Tests

Transcription

1 Gdynia, Poland, 2004/8/5~10 Fieldtrip Test Written Test Multi-media test TEST ONE: Fieldtrip Tests Fieldwork Test Paper 1~4 7th August 8/6 (Port of Gdynia - Hel Peninsule-Baltic Sea- Gdańsk -Sopot-Cliff of Redlowo-Naval Port of Gdynia-) 8/7 Paper 5 5A 8th August 8/8 Redłowo A. Redłowo B. Redłowo 1

2 Paper 1 (15 minutes): Referring to the table and 4 answer the questions below: Table 1. Cargo turnover in the main Polish ports in the year 2000 Port Location Total Turnover Bulky cargo + general cargo Total Coal Ores Grain Bulky cargo Timber Oil Sulphur Phosphorie Liquid cargo Total General cargo Gdansk Gdynia Police Swinoujscie Szczecin Source: the Yearbook of Gdynia, 2001 in containers Table 2. the number of passengers handled by the Port of Gdynia Port of Gdynia Total for Poland Source: the yearbook of Gdynia, 2001 Table 3. the number of ships calling at the Port of Gdynia Port of Gdynia Total for Poland Source: the yearbook of Gdynia,2001 Table 4. Cargo turnover (loading and unloading) of transit cargo in the Port of (in thousands tons) (Source: the yearbook of Gdynia, 2001) Port of Gdynia Total for Poland Write three sentences comparing the Port of Gdynia to other Polish ports with reference to three different criteria of your choice. (3 points) 2. List three factors which may have influenced the increase in the number of passengers handled by the Port of Gdynia in the recent years. (2 points) 2

3 3. List three factors which may have influenced the decrease of the transit cargo turnover in the Port of Gdynia in recent years. (3 points) Paper 2 (15 minutes) Use the attached photograph and Maps 1 and 2 to answer the following questions: Map 1 A part of Gdynia city plan Scale 1: Map 2 A relief map of Gdynia s surroundings Scale 1: Mark on Map 1 the area shown on the photograph and mark (with a cross) the point from which the photo was taken.(2 points) 2. Calculate the length of Pomorskie Quay (Pier). Show your calculations below.(2 points) 3. Calculate the area of the marina shown in the photograph and on Map 1.Show your calculations below.(2 points) 4. On Map 2, plot a line connecting the end of the spit from the background of the photograph and settlement in its foreground.(1 points) 5. Find the direction in which the photograph was taken. (1 points) 6. Mark on Map 2 the general direction of the longshore drift. Briefly explain the reasons for such a direction.(3 points) 7. Name two economic activities which are the main source of income in the area presented by the photograph.(2 points) 3

4 Paper 3 (15 minutes) Answer the following questions: 1. Name two natural coastal processes which can affect the area presented on the map and briefly describe the measures can be taken by developers to decrease their negative impact on human activity. (3 points) I. Natural process Measures II. Natural process Measures 2. Label the diagram in Fig. 1 which presents the formation of a local wind and fill in the gaps in the text below. (4 points) On a day, the air above the warmer.. becomes hot and.. as.. air above the moves to replace it. The is blowing the shore. At night the warmer air is over the.., and the blows away from the. 3. Use the Fig. 2 on the next page and calculate the noon sun angle for Gdynia (54 N) on the 5 th August. (2 points) Calculations: Result: 4

5 Fig 2. The analemma, a graph illustrating the latitude of overhead (vertical) noon Sun. (The analemma ) 5

6 Paper 4 15 minutes 1. What sort of relief (landforms ) are connected with the presence of the following types of land use in Gdynia: (2 points) - main forest complexes - high-rise residential areas - detached, semi-detached and terraced low residential areas - main transport routes - industrial and port areas 2. List the names of three types of rocks or deposits forming the cliffs in Gdynia Orłowo. (3 points) 3. List and briefly describe three processes which determine the present shape of the cliff Gdynia Orłowo. (3 points) 4. Analyse Map 3 and Maps A. B. C. D on the next pages and briefly present three factors influencing the local climatic diversity of Gdynia. 6

7 Map 3 7

8 Map 3 KEY 8

9 Map A. Average surface temperature distribution from May to October, in (at night). 9

10 Map B. Average surface temperature distribution from May to October, in (during the day). 10

11 Map C. Average surface temperature distribution from November to April, in (at night) 11

12 Map D. Average surface temperature distribution from November to April, in (during the day). 12

13 Paper 5. (1 hour) Field Exercise -Topographic Mapping of Redlowo Upland Answer the question below 1. Using your own signatures (notation), label Map 4 in the appropriate place, to mark three natural processes and three landforms, which occur along the part of the coast you saw during the fieldtrip. (3 points) Map 4 13

14 2. Plot the line on the map showing the route of your walk during the fieldtrip. (1 points) 3. Use the graph paper provided to construct a topographic profile (cross-section) along the profile line ABCD indicated on the Map 4. Apply the horizontal scale equal to the scale of Map 4. Select an appropriate vertical scale for your profile in order to best represent what you saw on the fieldtrip. Label the profile with the names (or descriptions) of the landforms it crosses. (4 points) 4. Briefly describe two characteristic features of the profile ABCD. (2 points) Use the sketch you drew during the fieldtrip (paper 5A) and briefly describe the origin of the deposits labeled W, X, Y, Z. (2 points) 5. With reference to specific examples, assess how effective the various attempts to reduce erosion around the Polish coast have been. (3 points) Assessment Examples Paper 5 A. Fieldtrip Exercise - Cliff Deposits 10 minutes 1. Use the space below to make a quick sketch of the stratified face of the cliff. Pay attention to detail but there is no need to use scale. Please do not attempt to climb the cliff. Work on your own. Make sure you keep the sketch as you will need it later. (1 points) A4 2. On your sketch name the deposits or rocks labeled W, X, Y, Z.(2 points) 14

15 TEST TWO: Written Test [ ] Theme A: Water (14 marks) Study the hydrographs of the rivers in source A1 1a (3 points) Write down the graph letters A, B and C of source A1 on your answering sheet. Indicate which of the following rivers is shown by each hydrograph. Choose from: 1 Volga (near Volgograd) 2 Nile (near Aswan) 3 Rhine (near Basel) 4 Tigris (near Baghdad) 5 Yenisey (near Igarka) 6 Huang He (near Chengshen) 1b (3 points) Explain your choice for each of the three rivers. 15

16 Use worksheet 1 for question 2 2a 2b (2 points) On the map 3, draw arrows to the main indicate current (=line of maximum velocity) in the river. (4 points) On the map indicate where in the river bed you would find sediments of the following grain size. coarse medium fine very fine (2 points) Add an appropriate legend on the map to explain your answer. Theme B: Climatology (15 marks) The Chinook Source B1 depicts this phenomenon In Western Canada wheat is grown at an exceptional high latitude. The reason for this is the Chinook wind, which is warm. The air rises on the western side of the Rocky Mountains and descends on the eastern side of the mountain range. The temperature of the air drops as the air rises. The temperature of dry air drops at a rate of 1 per 100 meters of cooling. When air is moist and water vapor is condensing, the rate of cooling is 0.6 per 100 meters. The temperature of the air at sea level on the western side of the mountains is

17 1 (3points) Copy the table below on your answering sheet. Fill in the temperatures of the air at the given altitudes on both sides of mountain range. Altitude West side of the Rocky Mountains East side of the Rocky Mountains 3000 m m m. 500 m. Wind pattern in July Source B2 Use worksheet 2 for question 2 2a 2b 2c (2points) Indicate on the worksheet map the location of major atmospheric pressure areas in the month of July in East Asia and Australia. Use the letter H to show the location of the high pressure and the letter L to show the location of the low pressure. (6points) Explain why both the H-pressure area and the L-pressure developed in the indicated location in the month of July. (2points) On the same worksheet map, use arrows to show the direction of the prevailing winds in July. 2d (2 points) Write on the worksheet map if the wind in each pressure system is dry (dry) or if it bring rain (wet). Theme C: Migration (20marks) Megacites Refer to the map and statistics in sources C1 till C4. Thesis: the rate of urbanization in Bolivia in the next few years will be higher than in most of the other South American countries. 1a (2 points) Which one of the sources C1 to C4 offers information to support this thesis? What is the information that supports this thesis? 1b (2 points) Explain why this information supports this thesis. 17

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19 According to source C1 there will be 24 megacities in the year Megacities are cities with more than inhabitants. An important cause of the growth of these cities is the rural-urban migration. The impact of rural-urban migration will not be the same for all cities. 2a (2 points) Name two(2) megacities shown in source C1 in which the impact of domestic rural-urban migration will be the relatively small until b (2 points) Give one (1) common explanation for the relatively small rural-urban migration to the cities named in question 2a. Some megacities grow because intercontinental migration takes place. 19

20 3a (2 points) Which two (2) cities had the greatest number of intercontinental immigrants during the past decades? Disregard Istanbul, since this city is located in two continents. 3b (2 points) Give two (2) causes for this large number of intercontinental immigrants. Disregard the immigration policy of governments. Migration flows Refer to source C5 The arrows in source C5 represent several important migration flows. The moment in time when each migration flow started was different for each arrow. 4 (2 points) Which flow of migrants took place first: the one indicated by arrow A or by arrow B? Explain your choice by referring to the migration history of both flows. 5 (1 points) Which country in Western Europe received the largest number of migrants in the flow indicated by arrow B? 6 (2 points) Explain your choice in question 5. In the legend of source C5, the meaning of one of the symbols is replaced by the letter X. 7 (1 point) What is the meaning of this symbol? 20

21 The migration flow indicated with the letter C is directed towards a region where the economy has grown strongly, especially after (2 points) Explain why that region has become more prosperous after Theme D: Newly Industrializing Countries (15 marks) Newly Industrializing Countries (NIC s) do not have the social and economic starts of a full capitalist democracy, but they are more advanced than developing countries. NIC s often share some common economic features, including recent industrialization, and an increasingly open economy, allowing for more free trade with other countries. The origin of the NIC s is rooted in the transformation of the world economy. England was the first country in the world to industrialize and the first country to de-industrialize. Japan was the first country in Asia to industrialize. In the course of the process of de-industrialization from 1960 onward, various Japanese industries, such as ship yards, petroleum and steel industries, were transferred to neighbouring countries. This process is considered to be an important factor in explaining the emergence of the NIC s in Asia. Asian Four Little Dragons (or Tigers) is a term used to refer to the first NIC s in Asia. Since the mid-1980 s, more countries have joined the list of the NIC s. 1. (1 point) Name the most important natural resource that supported England to become the first industrialized country. 2. (2 points) Explain why England was the first country to de-industrialize The word little in the term Asian Four Little Dragons is truly appropriate because all four countries are rather small in terms of territory. 3. (2 points) Which four countries are the Asia Four Little Dragons? De-industrialization is an expression of global integration, but the importance of de-industrialization is not restricted to the economic domain only. The increasing dispersion and deepening of environmental degradation and the increasing material benefits for mankind are two other effects of global economic integration. Some of the Japanese industries were relocated to its neighbouring countries in recent decades. 4. (3 points) Give three reasons for the relocation of these industries. 5. (2 points) What kind of economic orientation do de-industrializing countries pursue? Refer to source D1 This source shows the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita (in US dollars) of some advanced economies and some developing economies, as categorized by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The change of GDP per capita and the increase of its sheer amount may well be an indication of the degree of economic integration in the world economy. 21

22 6. (2 points) Identify two (2) countries in which its GPD per capita of 2003 has increased to at least five times of its value in (3 points) Mention three (3) causes for the rapid economic growth of the two countries that you listed in question 6. Theme E: The struggle for oil in the Caspian Sea (22 marks) ( ) Read the text in source E1 and study the maps in sources E2, E3 and E4. In the Caspian Sea Basin, many oil fields are found Source El The Caspian Sea has recently become a promising region for petroleum investment and development, creating intense international competition for access and pipelines. The region s ethnic tension, instability, slow democratization, and investors. Conflicting legal claims to offshore oilfields of Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan are serious risks for hydrocarbon investors. Despite serious quarrelling, the present situation appears calm. The absence of hot conflict does not rule out future tensions, however. Placing Caspian oil onto the world market presents unusual challenges. The region s energy transportation systems were designed to serve the Soviet Union. All Soviet period export pipelines pass through Russia, where pipeline operators have curbed Caspian exports with capacity constraints and tariffs. Technical, financial, legal and political difficulties plague most routing options. Pipelines must traverse -or expensively circumvent- politically troubled areas. 22

23 The proposed pipeline routes are intended to curb Russian and Iranian influence, diversify energy sources, and strengthen Caspian nations independence from Russo-centric infrastructure and from each other. Russia and Iran, however, wish to route Caspian pipelines through themselves, thereby maintaining strategic advantage. Since 1991, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan have argued that the Caspian seabed should be nationally partitioned along a median line. Iran opposed this proposal, arguing that actions without consensus are illegal. The New Great Game for Caspian oil offers great challenges. The winners expect to secure major strategic advantages. The conflicts between Iran and Turkey, Iran and the United States, Russia and corporations are also involved; while the states wish to enhance their strategic position and influence, corporations have primarily economic interests. 1. (3 points) Mention three (3) geological conditions for the occurrence of mineral oil in the Caspian Basin. The map in source E3 provides a possible division of the Caspian Sea among the states bordering the sea according to the (adapted) median principle. a. (2 points) Describe the median principle for drawing the border in the Caspian Sea, as far as it can be derived from the map. b. (2 points) Why do you think Iran will not be satisfied with the proposed division of the Caspian Sea. c. (4 points) Describe an alternative method to divide the Caspian Sea among border states and explain how it would work. 23

24 Geological oil reservoirs are not restricted by political borders. 2. (2 points) Explain why it is disadvantageous when two countries on either side of the border give concession to different oil companies to extract oil from the same oilfield. Refer to source E4 The planned oil pipe line runs from Baku in Azerbaijan to the port of Ceyhan on the Mediterranean coast of Southern Turkey for various reasons, although Black Sea is nearer to Baku. 3. (4 points) Mention two (2) reasons why Turkey does not want the oil to be shipped via the Black Sea. Explain each reason briefly. 4. (5 points) Suppose you are an advisor to the consortium of construction companies that 24

25 are building the pipeline between Baku and Ceyhan. You are being asked to map out the best possible route. Draw your proposed route on source E4 as accurately as the map allows you to. Justify your proposed route. Distinguish between physical geographical and political geographical factors. F: Desertification (14 marks) Overgrazing is often mentioned as a possible cause for desertification. A consequence of desertification is the flow of refugees from the affected areas. According to a study by R. Richer, overgrazing is not the major cause of the flow of migrants. 1. (2 points) Use information from source F2 and F3 to give a reason that supports the conclusion of the study of R. Richter. 2. (2 points) Experts expect the process of desertification in countries like Niger to speed up in the near future. Give a reason deducted from source F2 that supports the thesis of an increasing speed of desertification. 25

26 Refer to sources F1 to F4, especially F1. Desertification is a complex environmental problem whereby the interplay of causes and effects occur on all different spatial scales (see source F1). Overgrazing is often mentioned as a possible cause. 3. (10 points) Suppose one of the organizations of the United Nations (UN) is seeking advice to fight desertification in the Sahel. Write a coherent report advising the UN. The 26

27 main thesis of your report is that drought is caused by human actions. Use no more than 150 words. Follow the writing frame below. A. Process: in what way do human activities contribute to desertification? B. Measures: what concrete measures can be taken to minimize the effects of desertification? C. Effects: what are a. the ecological b. the endogenous (internal) c. and the exogenous (external) effects of these measures. 27