Name Index. Collins, Patricia Hill, 176. Arendt, Hannah, 29 Ashcroft, John, 190 Asquith, Herbert Henry, 40 Avery, James, 11, 239, 324

Transcription

1 Name Index Arendt, Hannah, 29 Ashcroft, John, 190 Asquith, Herbert Henry, 40 Avery, James, 11, 239, 324 Baldwin, James, 211 Barres, Maurice, 41 Bell, Winifred, 2 Bennett, William, 179, 181 Berry, William, 83, 84 Bloch, Marc, 5 Bohman, James, 174 Boisjoly, Johanne, 208 Boyd, Donald, 66 Brown, Michael, 2, 8, 206, 324, 327, 329 Burgess, David, 180 Bush, George, 77, 81 Byrd, Harry, 328 Byrd, Robert, 111 Carmichael, Stokely, 108 Carper, Thomas, 180, Cave, Pamela, 185, 186 Cazenave, Noel, 2 Chamberlain, Joseph, Chaney, James, 107 Churchill, Winston, 40 Clawson, Rosalee, , 135 Clinton, Bill, 4, 45, 72 73, 77, 81, 131, 136, 178, 284, 294 Cloward, Richard, 2, 217, 232, 243 Cohen, Bernard, 134 Collins, Patricia Hill, 176 Danziger, Sheldon, 52 Daudet, Leon, 41 Davis, Gareth, 37 Delgado, Gary, 257 de Man, Paul, 214 Devthick, Martha, 37 Dorgan, Byron, 180, 181 Du Bois, W. E. B., 29, Duke, David, 153 Duncan, Grey, 208 Edin, Kathryn, 208 Ellwood, Deborah, 66 Elser, Tamara, 185, 187 Engler, John, 188 Entman, Robert, 133 Fleming, Arthur F., 261 Fording, Richard, 8, 19, 83, 324 Fraser, Nancy, 173, 174 Galbraith, John Kenneth, 103 Gamson, William, 135 Gilens, Martin, 2, 11, 79, 91, 133, 142, 156, 163, 204, 212, 214, 239, 324 Gilliam, Franklin, 136 Gilroy, Paul, 219 Gingrich, Newt, 53 Goodell, Charles, 61 Gooden, Susan, 2, 18, 327, 329 Goodman, Andrew,

2 Name Index Graff, Tandi, 187, 192 Gramm, Phil, 178, 181 Gray, Virginia, 84 Habermas, Jürgen, 173 Hanson, Russell, L., 83, 157 Harrington, Michael, 103 Harris, Kathleen, 208 Hendricks, Amy, 187 Hiyashi, Lea, 187 Holzer, Harry, 53 Honkala, Cheri, , 187 Hopkins, Harry, 57 Howard, Christopher, 230 Hero, Rodney, 19, 154, 157, 158, 162, 325 Hutchison, Kay Bailey, 182 Iyengar, Shanto, 135 Jackson, Jesse, 191, 333 Johnson, Lyndon, 47, 57, 60 61, 75, 330 Johnson, Nancy, 179 Katz, Michael, 2, 76 Katznelson, Ira, 25 Kaus, Mickey, 49 Keech, William R., 82 Kennedy, John F., 61, 103, 330 Key, V. O., 27, 153, 239, 300, 324 Kinder, Donald, King, Coretta, 263 King, Gary, 235 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 106 7, 263 Lein, Laura, 208 Lieberman, Joe, 181 Lieberman, Robert, 2, 7, 8, 324 Lippmann, Walter, 124 Lloyd George, David, 40 Loendorf, Karolin, 185, 187 Malcolm X, 108 Mansbridge, Jane, 174 Marshall, T. H., 30 Marx, Anthony, 28 Maurras, Charles, 42 McConnell, Grant, 55, 325 Mead, Lawrence, Mica, John, 182 Mink, Gwendolyn, 190, 191 Mitchell, W. J. T., 212 Morgan, Edmund, 27 Mof tt, Robert, 61 Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 47, , 209 Musgrave, Richard, 54 Narayan, Uma, 191 Nelson, Thomas, Neubeck, Kenneth, 2 Nixon, Richard, 53, 60 O Brien, Erin, 16, 324 Orr, Larry L., 78, 230 Orwell, George, 12 Parks, Rosa, 106 Pef ey, Mark, 11, 239, 324 Peterson, George, 63 Phillips, Kevin, 333 Piven, Frances Fox, 2, 20, 217, 232, 243 Powell, Adam Clayton, 58 Quadagno, Jill, 2 Reagan, Ronald, 62, 76, 77, 118 Rector, Robert, 180, 181 Reed, Adolph, 199 Rojecki, Andrew, 133 Roosevelt, Eleanor, 54 Roosevelt, Franklin, 30, 34 35, 36, 37, 53, 56, 57 58, 59, 256 Schram, Sanford, 14, 16, 324 Schumpeter, Joseph, 54 Schwerner, Michael, 107 Shalala, Donna, 184 Shriver, Sargent, 113 Skocpol, Theda, 6, 34 Smith, Nick,

3 name index Soss, Joe, 16, 93, 324 Sparks, Holloway, 13, 19, 324 Steuernagel, Gertrude, 19, 325 Stoll, Michael, 53 Thompson, Tommy, 77 Titmuss, Richard, 53 Tolbert, Caroline, 19, 324 Tomz, Michael, 235 Trice, Rakuya, , 135 Vartanian, Thomas, 16, 324 Walker, Robert, 182 Weaver, Robert, 60 Weber, Eugen, 33 White, Pam Harris, 186 White, Walter, 54 Whitman, Christine Todd, 212 Wiley, George, 263 Wilson, William Julius, 199 Wittenberg, Jason, 235 Woolsey, Lynn C., 184, 186, 187 Wright, Gerald, 15, 230 Young, Iris, 174, 176 ¼i½ek, Slavoj,

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5 Subject Index ADC (Aid to Dependent Children), 58, 59, 74, 75, 78, 104, 105, 227, , 326 AFDC (Aid to Families with Dependent Children; see also welfare policy), 4, 8, 14, 17, 24, 37, 47 54, 59 61, 63 64, 69, 72, 74, 77, 79 83, 102, 139, 142, 152, 161, , 184, 189, , , , 264, 279, 326, 328, 331; bene t levels, 82, 157; caseload, 73, 76, 83, 88, 90, 91, 93, 235, 244; dependency, 83, 87; discrimination (see also racial bias), 78, ; history of, 74 75, 83, ; racial context, 78 79, 88, 90 91, 104; waivers, 8, 73, 77, 80, 81, 83 94, 235, 243 af rmative action, 127, 135 AFL-CIO (American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations), 107 African Americans (see also race), 5, 6, 75, 78, 238; civil rights (see also civil rights), 56; criminal justice policy, ; Democratic party, 24; discrimination (see also racial bias; racial prejudice; racial subordination; racism), 59, 240, 242, , 323; disenfranchisement, 33; education policy, 304 9; electoral politics, 24, 286; health care policy, ; media content (see also mass media), 9, 11, , 133, 134; migration to North, 104 5; mobilization, 24, 83, 260; party politics, 24, 45 46; political coalitions, 24, 43 44; political representation, 88, 93 94; poverty, 49, 101, , 257; public discourse, 14; residential segregation (see also racial segregation), 59; social policy, 23, 24, 34, 58, ; the South (see also South, the), 17, 27, 31, 35, 78, 256; stereotypes of (see also racial stereotypes), 8, 74, 90, 132; welfare population (see also welfare and race), 18, 81, , 235; women, 47 50, 59, 61, 68 69, Alabama, 262, 305 American Association of Retired Persons, 288 American Medical Association, 284 American National Election Study, 237 American political development, 28 Appalachia, 103, 105 Arizona, 268, 285 Arkansas, 260 Asians, 3, 286, , Austria, 35, 39 ballot initiatives. See direct democracy; state referenda Black Belt, the, 27 Black Panthers, 108 black political power, 82, 88,

6 Subject Index block grants, 8, 48, 51, 53, 57, 61 68, Brazil, 28 Britain. See Great Britain British Empire. See Great Britain Bush administration, 77 California, 19, 65, 280, 281, ; Los Angeles, 108 California League of Women Voters, 288 California Nurses Association, 285, 288 Canada, 39 categorical grants, 56, 57, 62 Chicago Freedom Movement, 107 Child Care Development Fund, 51, 66 Christian Right, 84, 87 citizen participation, civil rights (see also civil rights movement), 23, 24, 56, 269 Civil Rights Act, 60, 106, 262 civil rights movement, 6, 59, 101 2, 106 8, , Civil War, 6 Clinton administration, 77, 85 colonialism, communicative democracy, Community Action, 114 Community Development Block Grant, 67 Community Services Block Grant, 68 Comprehensive Employment and Training Act, 67 Connecticut, 66, 310 Contract with America, cooperative federalism, 54, 57 Council of Economic Advisers, 61 criminal justice policy, cross-class coalitions, 25 28, 32; in France, 41 43; in Great Britain, 38 41; during New Deal, 35 Delaware, 189 deliberative democracy, Democratic party, 24, 47, 49, 50, 57, 60 62, 73, , 185, 290, 329; in the North, 58, 256, 260; in the South, 27, 34 35, 58 democratic theory, , Department of Health and Human Services, 52, 206, 264; Of ce for Civil Rights, 269, 331 Department of Housing and Urban Development, 60 Department of Labor, 198, 255 direct democracy (see also state referenda), ; and race, discrimination (see also racial bias; racial prejudice; racial segregation; racial subordination; racism; residential segregation), 3, 15, 17, 18, 48, 60; AFDC, 68, 264; Europe, 25; scal federalism, 54 56; labor markets, 331; the South, 59; voting, 17 Earned Income Tax Credit, 52, 70 education policy, Eisenhower administration, 58 Europe, 14, 35, 153; social policy, 26, 30, 35 Family Support Act, 50 FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), 107 Federal Bureau of Public Assistance, 258 Federal Emergency Relief Administration, 57 federalism (see also scal federalism), 8, 14, 44, 53, 55, 56, 59, 69, 227, 299 scal federalism, 48, 49, 53, Florida, 260, 327; St. Petersburg, 114 food stamps, 52, 53, 60, 61, 63, 64, 75, 264 France, 7, 26, 324; racial diversity, 25; Third Republic, 22, 41 42; welfare state, 31, 32, 33, 38, Freedom Summer of 1964, 107 General Accounting Of ce, 51, 65, 66 General Social Survey, 152, 156 Georgia, 65, 260, 268, 327 Germany,

7 subject index G.I. Bill of Rights for the Disadvantaged, 106 Goldberg v. Kelly (1970), 330 grants-in-aid, Great Britain, 7, 26, 324; racial diversity, 25; welfare policy, 26; welfare state, 31 33, Great Depression, 69, 103 Great Society, 6, 23, 24, 53, 57, 59 63, 68, 73, , 330 group threat hypothesis, 153 Health Insurance Association of America, 288 health policy, 19, ; ballot initiatives, , Heritage Foundation, 180 Hill-Burton Act, 58 Hispanics. See Latinos Idaho, 52, 124, 308 Illinois, 59, 67; Chicago, 68, 107, 108, 179; Marion, 114 imperialism, 29 31, 39, Independent Retirement Accounts, 191 inner city, 64, 65, 69 interracial interaction, interstate competition, 15 Iowa, 308, 310 Irish, 13, 211 Irish Home Rule, 39 Jews, 13, 33, 42, 211 Jim Crow segregation, 23, 27, 29, 49, 56, 57, 59 Job Corps, , 120 Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training Program, 76 Johnson administration, 60, 111, 263 Kansas, 66 Kennedy administration, 60, 110 King v. Smith (1968), 262 Ku Klux Klan, 153 labor market, 254, , 272, 331 Labour party (U.K.), 39 Latinos, 3, 18, 283, 286; prejudice toward, 240, 242; state population, 301 2, 309; welfare population, , 206 8, 212, 219, 226, , 268, , , 308, 323 local government, 53, 59 62, 78 localism, 8, 14 Louisiana, 153, 260, 261, 327 Manpower Development and Training Act, 59 Marshall Plan for the American Negro, 106 Massachusetts, 285, 296; Boston, 67; Spring eld, 108 mass communication. See mass media mass insurgency, 15 mass media, 1, 8, 9, 10, 11, 101, 171; coverage of poverty, ; importance of visuals in, 108, 109, 135; public opinion, 9, 123, 124, ; racial bias, 9; racial images, , 133, 134, , 174, 183, , 204; social control, 9 matching grants, 54, 62, 64 media. See mass media Medicaid, 53, 59, 63, 75, 284, 311, Medicare, 284 Michigan, 59, 68, 123, 188, 260; Detroit, 68, 119 Minnesota, 66, 305, 307, 308, 310 Mississippi, 52, 107, 260, 305, 310 Missouri, 65; St. Louis, 67 Montana, 124, 307 Montgomery bus boycott, 106 Mothers for Adequate Welfare, 263 Mothers of Watts, 263 Mother s Pension programs, , 264 NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), 54 National Governors Association,

8 Subject Index National Opinion Research Council, 11 National Race and Politics Survey, 90, 91 National Senate Election Study, 152 National Urban League, 106 National Welfare Rights Organization, 263 Nebraska, 308 New Deal, 23, 24, 26, 28, 34 36, 44, 53 54, 57, 78, 82, 256; scal federalism, 53 New Jersey, 107, 212 New Mexico, 306 news media. See mass media New York, 66, 328; New York City, 326, 329; Rochester, 107 New Zealand, 39 Nixon administration, 62, 68 North Dakota, 124, 308 Of ce of Economic Opportunity, 113 Ohio, 255, 268; Cleveland, 67 Old-Age Insurance, 35, 36, 37 Oregon, 66, 123, 281, 284, 285; Astoria, 114; Tongue Point, 114 Panel Study of Income Dynamics, 201, 203 party competition, 15, 84, 85, 87, 158, 232, 233 Pennsylvania, 67, 123, 255; Philadelphia, 107 Plessy v. Ferguson (1892), 56 policy coalitions, 25, 27, 29 policy innovation, 83, 87, political representation, 1; black, 82, 83, 88, 93 political violence, 75 poor, the, 14, 49; and race, 49, Poor People s March on Washington, 107, 263 populist movement, 27 poverty. See poor, the poverty politics, 5; in the media, 11; and minorities, 23; and race, 2, 11 Poverty/Rights Action Center, 263 Progressive Era, 23, 281 Protestant fundamentalism, 84 PRWORA (Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act; see also welfare reform), 46, 47, 49, 53, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 81, 102, 136, 199, 225, 254, 264, 269, 275, 324, 331; debate over, , public discourse, 12, public opinion, 2, 9 11; attitudes toward welfare, 78 81, 88 91, , ; mass media, 9, 123, 124; state welfare policy, , public sphere, , race (see also African Americans), 3, 5, 6, 23, 28, 29, 38; AFDC (see also AFDC, racial context), 37, 78, 79, 88; devolution, 48 49; education policy, 304 9; scal federalism, 56 57; geographic context, ; health policy, , ; interracial interaction, ; media coverage, ; political cleavages, 32, 57; representation, 82, 88, 93, 94; social policy, ; state policy, 15, ; welfare policy (see welfare and race); welfare population (see also African Americans, welfare population), race to the bottom, 48, 49, 64 racial attitudes (see also racial stereotypes), ; effect on policy, 78 82, 89, 91; effect on state welfare policy, ; effect on welfare attitudes, 90 94; mass media, racial bias, 17, 18; at local level, 57; state policy, racial diversity, 301 3; criminal justice policy, ; education policy, 304 9; health policy, racial justice, 197 racial prejudice, 1, 5, 78, 80, 90, 92, 380

9 subject index 246; laissez-faire, 10; old-fashioned, 10, 12; welfare as, racial resentment, 24 racial segregation (see also residential segregation), 27, 29, 56, 59 racial stereotypes (see also racial attitudes), 8, 73, 78 81, 156, 197, , 240, 242; effect on policy, 74, 88, 90; effect on public opinion, 92, 239; media content, 102, 132, 136; of women, racial subordination, 2, 5, 28; in South Africa, 28 racism, 25, 28, 172 Reader s Guide to Periodical Literature, 109 Reagan administration, 62, 63, 67, 68, 76, 118 Reconstruction, 33 Republican party, 45, 49, 53, 57, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64, 68, 73, 84, 87, 131, , 185, 212, 290; and civil rights, 34; in the South, 27 residential segregation (see also racial segregation), 1, 3, 68 revenue sharing, 56, 61, 62 Revenue Sharing Working Group, 62 segregation. See racial segregation slavery, 29, 56, 57 Social Security, 35 38, 78, 295 Social Security Act of 1935, 6, 24, 28, 35, 48, 54, 56, 58, 74, 77, 225, 230, 256, 324, 326, 327 Social Security Survivor s Bene ts, 104 Social Services Block Grant, 51, 64, 66 South, the, 3, 17, 29, 33 35, 153, 261, 263, 327, 328; African Americans, 23, 24, 256, 257, 326, 328; black migration from, 49, 104, 329; Democratic party, 27, 34; discrimination, 59, 75; federalism, 55, 58; segregation, 27; white supremacy, 33 South Africa, 28, 39 South Carolina, 305, 310 South Dakota, 124, 307, 308 Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 106, 107 state government, 53, 59 62, 73, 78; redistribution policy, state ideology, 15, 152, 157, 231, 233 state policies, 8, , 254; direct democracy, ; racial discrimination, ; racial diversity, state referenda (see also direct democracy), Sunday blue laws, 56 Supplemental Security Insurance, 178 Survivor s Insurance, 190 symbolic racism. See racial resentment TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families; see also welfare reform), 4, 8, 17, 48 53, 57, 63 67, 72, 81, 93, 139, 142, 153, 162, , , 243, , 254, 326, 332, 334; implementation, 18; race (see also welfare and race), ; racial composition, 68, 69, Tennessee, 260 Texas, 66, 260, 305 Unemployment Insurance, 36 United Auto Workers, 107 U.S. Census Bureau, 286 U.S. Congress, 3, 27, 34, 35, 38, 45, 48, 51, 55, 59 64, 70, 73, 75, 76, 171, 230, 294; 89th, 61; 104th, 4, 178, 188, 190; House Ways and Means Committee, 179, 180, 187, 188, 256; Senate Finance Committee, 256; seniority rule, 27; welfare reform hearings, U.S. Constitution, 33, 34; Tenth Amendment, 56; Fourteenth Amendment, 56; Fifteenth Amendment, 56 U.S. Supreme Court, 34, 48, 60, 61, 262, 263, 330 Utah, 124, 305, 310 Vermont,

10 Subject Index Virginia, 260, 266 Virginia Program of Aid to Dependent Children, 257 Voter News Service Exit Poll of California, 289, 295 voting rights, 17 Voting Rights Act of 1965, 82, 106, 107 War on Poverty, 23, 47, 61, 74, , 126 Washington (state), 123, 284, 285, 305 Washington, D.C., 111, 262, 263, 328 Watts riots, 108, 114, 115, 116 welfare and race (see also AFDC, racial context; TANF, race), 1, 2, 3, 47, 73, 78, 79, 80, 81, 151, ; comparative perspective, 25 46, 74 77; Europe, 25, 30 33, 38 46; historical context, 5 7, 23 25, 78, ; interracial interaction, ; mass media, 9 11, , ; public discourse, 12 14, ; public opinion, 9 11, 78, 79, , ; racial bias, 1, 2, 49, , , ; social policy, 6, 36, ; welfare population, welfare caseloads, 72; decline in, 4, 14, 254; racial composition (see also race, welfare population), 82, 254 welfare coalitions, 30 welfare devolution (see also welfare reform), 8, 15, 48, 49, 57, 63, 226 Welfare Law Center, 200 welfare policy (see also AFDC; TANF; welfare reform), 23, 26, 64; direct democracy, ; in Europe, 26, welfare population. See welfare caseloads welfare queens, 172, , 192, 210, 244 welfare recipients (see also welfare caseloads), 1, 3, 4; congressional hearings, ; opinions on reform, ; perceptions of, ; racial composition, , 254 welfare reform (see also TANF), 4, 73, 84; client diversion, 265; client management, ; congressional hearings, , ; devolution to the states, 14, 15, ; evaluative requirements, 269; historical context, 5 7, 23, 24, 34 38, 73 77, ; implementation, 15 18; labor markets, 85, 87, , 272; lower-class mobilization, 232; media coverage, 10 11, ; party competition, 84, 85, 87, 232; policy choice, 15, ; policy innovation, 83, 87; political subdivisions, 268; public discourse, 12, 13, ; public opinion, 9 11, 79, , ; racial dimension (see also welfare and race), 4, 61, 74, 79, 80, 81, 88 94, ; state ideology, 84, 231; time limits, , 268, 272; waivers (see AFDC, waivers); white attitudes toward, 89 94, Welfare Union of the West Side Organization, 263 West Virginia, 103, 328 white supremacy, 27, 33 Wisconsin, 52, 65, 66, 69, 77, 305, 307 Work Incentive Program, 75, 76 Works Progress Administration, 56 World War II, 43, 106, 326, 328 Wyoming, 52,