INSTITUTE of PUBLIC POLICY

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1 INSTITUTE of PUBLIC POLICY Harry S Truman School of Public Affairs University of Missouri ANALYSIS OF STATE REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES Andrew Wesemann and Brian Dabson Summary This report analyzes state revenues and expenses in 2011, comparing Missouri with all other US states. Using data from the US Census Bureau, we first present a breakdown of Missouri s general revenues, tax revenues, and general expenditures. Then, we examine total general revenues, tax levels and sources, and general expenditures for all 50 states. Finally, we analyze total general revenues, tax revenues, and general expenditures on a per capita basis in order to account for the substantial variation that exists among state populations and to provide a more accurate picture of each state s fiscal position. The data show that while Missouri ranks in the middle among the 50 states when examining total revenues, taxes, and expenditures, it ranks among the lowest states in all three areas when we control for population. Contents Missouri Revenues, Taxes, and Expenditures 2 Figure 1: Sources of General Revenues 2 Figure 2: Sources of Tax Revenues 2 Figure 3: General Expenditures 3 Comparison of State Revenues 4 Figure 4: Sources of General Revenues by State 4 Figure 5: Per Capita General Revenues by State 5 Table 1: General Revenues and Per Capita General Revenues by State 6 Figure 6: Sources of Tax Revenues by State 7 Figure 7: Per Capita Tax Revenues by State 8 Table 2: Tax Revenues and Per Capita Tax Revenues by State 9 Comparison of State Expenditures 10 Figure 8: General Expenditures by Function by State 10 Figure 9: Per Capita General Expenditures by State 11 Table 3: General Expenditures and Per Capita General Expenditures by State 12 Data Sources 13 1

2 Missouri Revenues, Taxes, and Expenditures FIGURE 1: SOURCES OF GENERAL REVENUES Miscellaneous general revenue Current charges 8% 10% Intergovernmental revenue 45% Taxes 37% FIGURE 2: SOURCES OF TAX REVENUES Corporate income tax 3% Individual income tax 45% General Sales & Selective Sales 46% License taxes & Other taxes 6% 2

3 FIGURE 3: GENERAL EXPENDITURES Police protection & Correction 4% Governmental administration 2% Natural resources & Parks and recreation 1% Interest on general debt 3% Highways 8% Other and unallocable 7% Education 34% Hospitals & Health 11% Public welfare 30% 3

4 CA NY TX FL PA OH IL MI NJ NC MA VA GA WA MN MD WI IN TN MO AZ LA KY CT AL SC CO OR OK IA MS AR KS NM UT AK WV NV HI NE ME ID DE RI ND NH WY MT VT SD Comparison of State Revenues FIGURE 4: SOURCES OF GENERAL REVENUES BY STATE 250,000, ,000, ,000, ,000,000 50,000,000 0 Intergovernmental revenue Taxes Current charges Miscellaneous general revenue 4

5 AK WY ND VT DE NY HI NM WV RI MA CT MN ME MS AR IA LA NJ MT MD WI CA MI PA KY OR OH OK KS WA NE SD UT SC AL VA IN NC NH ID IL MO TN CO AZ TX FL NV GA FIGURE 5: PER CAPITA GENERAL REVENUES BY STATE 20,000 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,

6 TABLE 1: GENERAL REVENUES AND PER CAPITA GENERAL REVENUES BY STATE State General revenue (dollar amounts in thousands) Rank (1 indicates highest revenues) Per Capita General Revenue Rank (1 indicates highest revenues) ALABAMA 23,276, , ALASKA 12,665, ,497 1 ARIZONA 27,048, , ARKANSAS 17,453, , CALIFORNIA 211,358, , COLORADO 21,864, , CONNECTICUT 23,508, , DELAWARE 7,309, ,049 5 FLORIDA 75,290, , GEORGIA 37,167, , HAWAII 10,203, ,404 7 IDAHO 7,344, , ILLINOIS 58,202, , INDIANA 31,449, , IOWA 18,097, , KANSAS 15,019, , KENTUCKY 23,572, , LOUISIANA 26,939, , MAINE 8,249, , MARYLAND 32,998, , MASSACHUSETTS 44,897, , MICHIGAN 54,727, , MINNESOTA 33,451, , MISSISSIPPI 17,807, , MISSOURI 27,082, , MONTANA 5,768, , NEBRASKA 9,389, , NEVADA 10,443, , NEW HAMPSHIRE 6,252, , NEW JERSEY 51,676, , NEW MEXICO 14,949, ,192 8 NEW YORK 148,840, ,632 6 NORTH CAROLINA 45,857, , NORTH DAKOTA 6,683, ,760 3 OHIO 61,983, , OKLAHOMA 20,189, , OREGON 20,816, , PENNSYLVANIA 69,499, , RHODE ISLAND 7,140, , SOUTH CAROLINA 22,791, , SOUTH DAKOTA 4,124, , TENNESSEE 27,520, , TEXAS 107,189, , UTAH 13,834, , VERMONT 5,627, ,982 4 VIRGINIA 39,194, , WASHINGTON 34,993, , WEST VIRGINIA 12,646, ,818 9 WISCONSIN 32,132, , WYOMING 6,056, ,

7 CA NY TX FL PA IL NJ OH MI NC MA MN WA VA GA MD WI IN CT TN AZ KY MO CO LA AL OR AR OK SC IA KS MS NV AK UT WV NM HI NE ND ME ID DE RI VT WY NH MT SD FIGURE 6: SOURCES OF TAX REVENUES BY STATE 140,000, ,000, ,000,000 80,000,000 60,000,000 40,000,000 20,000,000 0 General Sales & Selective Sales License taxes & Other taxes Individual income tax Corporate income tax 7

8 AK ND WY VT CT MN HI NY MA DE CA NJ WV ME MD AR WI RI WA PA NM MI KS IA KY NV NC MT IL IN MS NE OH VA OR ID OK UT LA CO AL NH TN FL TX MO AZ SD SC GA FIGURE 7: PER CAPITA TAX REVENUES BY STATE 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,

9 TABLE 2: TAX REVENUES AND PER CAPITA TAX REVENUES BY STATE State Taxes (dollar amounts in thousands) Rank (1 indicates highest taxes) Per Capita Taxes Rank (1 indicates highest taxes) ALABAMA 8,635, , ALASKA 5,537, ,650 1 ARIZONA 10,848, , ARKANSAS 7,975, , CALIFORNIA 116,695, , COLORADO 9,467, , CONNECTICUT 13,432, ,745 5 DELAWARE 3,017, , FLORIDA 32,557, , GEORGIA 16,003, , HAWAII 4,857, ,525 7 IDAHO 3,261, , ILLINOIS 29,433, , INDIANA 14,909, , IOWA 7,236, , KANSAS 6,828, , KENTUCKY 10,203, , LOUISIANA 8,865, , MAINE 3,675, , MARYLAND 16,002, , MASSACHUSETTS 22,089, ,343 9 MICHIGAN 23,540, , MINNESOTA 18,952, ,544 6 MISSISSIPPI 6,714, , MISSOURI 10,109, , MONTANA 2,303, , NEBRASKA 4,153, , NEVADA 6,332, , NEW HAMPSHIRE 2,320, , NEW JERSEY 27,182, , NEW MEXICO 4,980, , NEW YORK 67,945, ,484 8 NORTH CAROLINA 22,405, , NORTH DAKOTA 3,822, ,582 2 OHIO 25,176, , OKLAHOMA 7,766, , OREGON 8,112, , PENNSYLVANIA 32,352, , RHODE ISLAND 2,737, , SOUTH CAROLINA 7,687, , SOUTH DAKOTA 1,379, , TENNESSEE 11,235, , TEXAS 43,188, , UTAH 5,475, , VERMONT 2,687, ,290 4 VIRGINIA 17,409, , WASHINGTON 17,411, , WEST VIRGINIA 5,142, , WISCONSIN 15,347, , WYOMING 2,461, ,

10 CA NY TX PA FL OH IL MI NJ NC MA VA GA WA WI MN MD IN LA AZ TN MO KY AL SC CO CT OR OK MS IA AR NM UT KS WV NV HI AK NE ME ID DE RI NH MT VT ND WY SD Comparison of State Expenditures FIGURE 8: GENERAL EXPENDITURES BY FUNCTION BY STATE 250,000, ,000, ,000, ,000,000 50,000,000 0 Education Public welfare Hospitals & Health Highways Police protection & Correction Natural resources & Parks and recreation Governmental administration Interest on general debt Other and unallocable 10

11 AK WY VT DE NM NY ND HI MA LA CT WV MN RI MT ME CA MS WI PA AR KY IA MD NJ OR WA MI OH UT SC KS AL OK VA SD NH IN NE ID IL NC CO AZ TN MO TX GA FL NV FIGURE 9: PER CAPITA GENERAL EXPENDITURES BY STATE 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,

12 TABLE 3: TOTAL GENERAL EXPENDITURES AND PER CAPITA GENERAL EXPENDITURES BY STATE State General expenditure (dollar amounts in thousands) Rank (1 indicates highest expenditures) Per Capita General Expenditure Rank (1 indicates highest expenditures) ALABAMA 24,290, , ALASKA 9,956, ,754 1 ARIZONA 28,123, , ARKANSAS 16,859, , CALIFORNIA 224,992, , COLORADO 23,030, , CONNECTICUT 22,249, , DELAWARE 7,057, ,772 4 FLORIDA 71,984, , GEORGIA 37,410, , HAWAII 9,963, ,230 8 IDAHO 7,404, , ILLINOIS 59,504, , INDIANA 30,902, , IOWA 17,218, , KANSAS 14,526, , KENTUCKY 24,676, , LOUISIANA 29,134, , MAINE 8,005, , MARYLAND 32,305, , MASSACHUSETTS 43,181, ,536 9 MICHIGAN 52,201, , MINNESOTA 32,670, , MISSISSIPPI 17,546, , MISSOURI 25,772, , MONTANA 6,082, , NEBRASKA 8,617, , NEVADA 9,990, , NEW HAMPSHIRE 6,375, , NEW JERSEY 48,732, , NEW MEXICO 15,594, ,502 5 NEW YORK 146,077, ,491 6 NORTH CAROLINA 44,335, , NORTH DAKOTA 5,032, ,349 7 OHIO 60,490, , OKLAHOMA 19,011, , OREGON 21,109, , PENNSYLVANIA 73,457, , RHODE ISLAND 6,408, , SOUTH CAROLINA 23,659, , SOUTH DAKOTA 4,062, , TENNESSEE 27,565, , TEXAS 108,599, , UTAH 14,708, , VERMONT 5,390, ,603 3 VIRGINIA 40,350, , WASHINGTON 36,888, , WEST VIRGINIA 11,445, , WISCONSIN 33,040, , WYOMING 4,904, ,

13 Data Sources U.S. Census Bureau. (2012). State Government Finances. Retrieved from U.S. Census Bureau Website: U.S. Census Bureau. (2012). Population Estimates. Retrieved from U.S. Census Bureau Website: Authors Andrew Wesemann is a Doctoral Student at the Truman School of Public Affairs, University of Missouri Brian Dabson is Associate Dean, Research Professor and Director, Institute of Public Policy at the Truman School of Public Affairs, University of Missouri 13

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