Fill out this table with the advantages and disadvantages of a codified constitution:

Transcription

1 THE CONSTITUTION

2 What are the features of the US Constitution? 1. C F P...S S...of P L...G J...R... Now explain each feature of the Constitution: Fill out this table with the advantages and disadvantages of a codified constitution: Advantages of a Codified Constitution Disadvantages of a Codified Constitution

3 The Presidential System is one in which there is a strict separation of personnel between the executive and the legislature. The president is both head of state and head of government. The president has a fixed term of office. Although the president can be impeached for misconduct, there is no vote of confidence by which the president can be removed for incompetence or unpopularity. Explain the features of the Presidential system: Executive barred from legislature Separation of powers Co-equal branches Centralisation & decentralisation (devolution) Federal system

4 The following diagram shows the separation of powers in government: Using this diagram, fill out the grid to show the checks and balances between the branches Checks on Checks by The Legislature The Executive The Judiciary The Legislature The Executive The Judiciary The Bill of Rights Amendments The following are the Bill of Rights Amendments: 1 st Amendment: establishes the freedoms of religion, speech, assembly, and of the people to petition the government for a redress of grievances 2 nd Amendment: the right of the people to keep and bear arms 3 rd Amendment: protects the people from having to house soldiers in peacetime has never been an issue

5 4 th Amendment: protects against unreasonable search and seizure, warrants can only be issued on the basis of probable cause 5 th Amendment: no one can be held for a serious crime without being presented to a grand jury, no one can be tried for the same crime twice: double-jeopardy, right to avoid self-incrimination, No one can be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, the right of eminent domain 6 th Amendment: all criminals have the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury, the accused has to be informed of the charges against them (writ of habeas corpus), the accused has the right to confront any witness against him or her and produce witnesses of his or her own, the accused has the right to assistance of counsel 7 th Amendment: people in civil cases worth more than $20 have the right to a trial by jury 8 th Amendment: excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted 9 th Amendment: the enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people 10 th Amendment: the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people, the powers of the federal government are limited to those in the Constitution, all powers of government NOT delegated to the federal government belong to the states All together there are 27 amendments. The two stages are proposal and ratification. Fill out the diagram to show the process of making amendments: Proposal How many Ratification amendments made it through votes from Congress? /3 vote of both houses of Congress Passage by /4 of State Legislature Why is the amendment process so difficult and what are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?

6 CONGRESS Congress; the basics

7 {Task 1: Fill in the blanks} Congress is the branch of the federal government. This branch is made up of the and the. This is known as a chamber. This arrangement for the legislative branch of government was one of the compromises made by the Founding Fathers at the P C. {Task 2: Complete this table to show the constitutional exclusive and concurrent powers of the two houses.} Nature of powers House of Representatives Senate Exclusive powers Concurrent (joint) powers Congress; roles and functions Congress is not simply limited to being a body which creates legislation; there are many different functions and responsibilities that this chamber performs. There are 3 categories however that can categorise the main functions of Congress. They are the following... Scrutiny Legislative Fundamental roles of Congress Representation

8 {Task 3: fill in the specific responsibilities for each fundamental role (as stated above). The first one for each is done for you.} Legislative Representation Scrutiny Proposals Case work Confirming Presidential nominees Congress: Legislative function {Task 4: Answer and/or give evidence for the following questions} 1. How many bills did the 111 th Congress pass? 2. How many bills did the 112 th Congress pass? 3. How many bills did the 113 th Congress pass? 4. Give an example of a conference committee set up in the last 5 years. 5. How many bills has Obama vetoed and when? 6. How many bills did George W. Bush veto? 7. Define what a filibuster is. 8. Give an example of a successful filibuster in the last 7 years. Congress: Representative function

9 Congress s ability to represent the people is often criticised because its composition is greatly filled with people in the top-fifth (high class) of society who earn $150,000+ per anum. Since its beginning Congress has always and still does lack a wider variety of social groups and minorities. However, just because the body lacks members who visually represent the diversity in America it does not necessarily mean that Congressmen and woman are unable to empathise with and represent such members of society simply because they are not of the same background. {Task 5: Answer and/or give evidence for the following questions} 1. How many members are there in the House of Representatives? 2. How many members are there in the Senate? 3. How many women are in the 114 th Congress? 4. How many Latinos are in the 114 th Congress? 5. Give an example of a minority group in American which is unrepresented in the 114 th Congress. 6. Which religion do the majority of Congress members associate with? 7. 7 in 10 Americans favour increasing the minimum wage in America. A bill which would have raised the minimum wage from $7.25 to $10.10, failed a procedural vote on the 30 th April What was the name of this bill? 8. The push for legislation to ensure pay check fairness of the sexes has been led by a female senator and a female representative in the house. Their bill is called the Paycheck Fairness Act. What are the names of these two women? How does this show that a more representative Congress benefits more groups/people in society? Congress: Scrutiny function

10 As part of the checks and balances process, Congress scrutinises both the executive branch and the federal branch. This continual proves helps to maintain the Founding Fathers aims to protect Americans against and over-powerful federal government. {Task 6: Give an example of the following. Try to have examples from the past 7 years where possible.} Presidential nominee confirmed by Senate Impeachment Ratification of Treaties Declaration of War Monitoring gvt. Departments (by a Standing Committee) Congress: Committees Committees in Congress are panels of the Members of the House or the Senate tasked with the following responsibilities (although these may vary depending on the nature of the committee) Conduct hearings Examining and develop legislation Conduct oversight (of other gvt. departments) Help to manage chamber business and activities {Task 7 : Name all the types of the committees}

11 {Task 8: Find 2 examples for each committee, which demonstrates the influence it had over the passing of a piece of legislation} Example 1: Example 2: Example 3: Example 4: Example 5: Example 6: Example 7: Example 8: {Task 9: Some argue that it is the committees of Congress which carry out the real work Write a paragraph summarising whether you think this is true r not. Use a minimum of 2 examples to support your argument.}

12 Congress: Committee Chairmen Committee chairmen are those who Are a member of the majority party Decide on the regularity of the Committee meetings Supervise a number of committee staff Serve as spokesperson to the White House {Task 10: Answer the following questions} 1. Who is the current Judiciary committee chairman? 2. Give an example of a piece of legislation that this chairman has had influence over (e.g. through sponsorship or initiating the bill) 3. What is the specific role of a Standing Committee? 4. Give an example of a standing committee currently in operation. 5. Give an example of a recent (in the last 5 years) of a Select Committee 6. Give an example of a conference committee (in the last 5 years) which helped reconcile different versions of a bill put forth by the House and Senate. 7. In what year was an investigative committee (Standing committee) set up to investigate the 2012 attacks on the U.S. Diplomatic facility in Benghazi?

13 Congress: Criticisms of the Committee System Committee chairmen are often criticised because of the way in which they are selected and the powers that they have as unelected individuals for this post. {Task 11: Explain then find one recent example to support your explanation for the following criticisms of committee chairmen} CRITICISM EXPLANATION EXAMPLE Powers in leading the committee; control agenda, control budget and decide meeting regularity They chose on the basis of seniority rule They re a member of the majority party The committee system as whole is also subject to criticism as there are many complaints surrounding their competency, legitimacy and amount of power they possess. Due to your knowledge of the variety committees and their roles/purposes, you will know the general roles of such committees. However, these bodies are criticised by some for doing all the real work of Congress.

14 {Task 12: The following are some criticisms of the committee system. Explain in the first text box why committees are criticised for this. In the second box provide a recent example to support this.} Criticism Explanation Example Inefficiency Decentralised Over-amending Slow hearings Iron triangle Congress: Differences between the House and the Senate The House and the Senate both contributed towards the legislation process, and do also have some equal constitutional powers. However, the Senate is often regarded as more prestigious than the House for various reasons. {Task 13: Find evidence for the following reasons the Senate is considered more prestigious than the House} 1. Serious congressional POTUS & VPOTUS candidates have almost always come from the Senate 2. Representatives often seek to become senators, but never the other way around 3. Senators use of the filibuster makes the passing of legislation more difficult than in the House

15 4. Increased use of the filibuster means the POTUS legislative strategy is usually focused on the Senate 5. Senate exclusive powers, especially the ratification of treaties are more significant 6. Senate exclusive powers, as well as the confirmation of presidential nominees are more significant 7. Such exclusive powers are often have more serious consequences for the political system 8. Senate delivers final verdict in impeachment proceedings Congress: What influences how Congress members vote? There are 6 main aspects which influences how a member of congress votes on bills. These are: Their political party Their constituents The administration Pressure groups Colleagues and staff Personal beliefs {Task 14: Explain how each of these aspects influences congress members to vote, and find one example of each to evidence your explanation} Political Party: Constituents: Administration:

16 Pressure Groups: Colleagues and Staff: Personal beliefs: << WELL DONE, YOU VE FINISHED >>

17 THE PRESIDENCY

18 Qualifications to become a President: Type your answer here Match up the presidents in the far left column with the correct date and party: PRESIDENT DATE PARTY George Washington 1841 None John Adams Federalist Thomas Jefferson Whig James Madison Democratic-Republican James Monroe Democratic-Republican James A Garfield Whig Andrew Jackson Democrat Martin Van Buren Democrat William Henry Harrison Whig Dwight D Eisenhower Democratic-Republican Zachary Taylor Democrat James K Polk Whig Millard Fillmore Democratic Republican Franklin Pierce Democrat Ulysses S Grant Democrat Abraham Lincoln Democrat Andrew Johnson Democrat William McKinley Republican Rutherford B Hayes Republican John Quincy Adams Republican Chester Arthur Republican Grover Cleveland Democrat Benjamin Harrison Republican Calvin Coolidge Democrat James Buchanan Republican Theodore Roosevelt Republican William Howard Taft Republican Herbert Hoover Democrat Warren G Harding Republican Grover Cleveland Republican Woodrow Wilson Republican Richard Nixon Republican Lyndon B Johnson Democrat John Tyler Democrat John F Kennedy Republican Harry S Truman Democrat Franklin D Roosevelt Republican Jimmy Carter Republican Gerald Ford Democrat Bill Clinton Republican George Bush Republican Ronald Reagan 1881 Democrat

19 Write a brief overview of President George W Bush and President Obama s time in office and their approach to presidency: GEORGE W BUSH Type Here.. BARACK OBAMA Type Here POWERS AND ROLES My choice early in life was either to be a piano-player in a whorehouse or a politician. And to tell the truth, there s hardly any difference - President Harry Truman Arrange the roles and powers bestowed on the President into formal and informal powers/resources: - Head of State - Head of Government - Commander-in-Chief - Power to veto - Executive orders - Nominations - Recommendations - Staff in the executive branch - Party ties - Mass Media - International Contracts - The bully pulpit Add recent examples to the list above. Put the correct Role name above the descriptions: Type Heading Here Type Heading Here He is commander-in-chief of the armed services (but he cannot declare war) He negotiates and signs treaties with other countries (although they need to be ratified by the Senate) He is in charge of diplomatic relations with other. countries He has the power to issue pardons to anyone convicted of a crime He is responsible for appointing people to head government departments, subject to confirmation by the Senate. He can call Congress back into session during a break (recess) at times of national emergency.

20 Write the power of the president next to the corresponding example in the table: Power of the President Example 4.07 every year, reviews troops and plans strategies, reviews conduct of military operations which he has last word over (e.g. NATO airstrikes against Libya ) February 3 rd Cabinet meeting in the White House to discuss 2016 budget pardons, including: Brian Edward Sledz, for distributing methamphetamine and carrying a firearm during a drug-trafficking crime New Start signed 2010, came into effect appointed James M Come to Deputy Attorney General Matthew Bryza to US ambassador to Azerbaijan, Elena Kagan to US Supreme Court recess appointments e.g. Richard Cordray as Director of Consumer Finance Protection Bureau State of Union Address on middle-class economics, raising taxes, security and climate change Congress barred money from NIH being used for purpose of gun control Obama stated this would not prevent him from making recommendations on gun control to Congress Special Extension of Congress to intervene in the case of Terri Schiavo, a woman in a persistent vegetative state whose family and husband were at odds over whether to disconnect her feeding tube passed Schiavo Bill April Obama to host leaders of Iraq and Japan at the White House signed National Defense Authorisation Act, gives him authority to indefinitely detain and if not kill,

21 American citizens Military personnel swear to uphold the constitution of the US (including Articles referring to presidential control over military) Sort this list into what the president can and what the president can t do: - Make treaties with the approval of the Senate - Veto bills and sign bills - Execute spending on behalf of congress - Make Laws - Declare war - Grant pardons - Enforce the laws that Congress passes - Act as Commander-In-Chief during a war - Interpret Laws - Lead his political party - Call out troops to protect our nation against an attack - Make suggestions about this that should be new laws - Decide how federal money will be spent - Represent our nation in talks with foreign countries - Nominate Cabinet members and supreme court Justices and other high officials - Appoint ambassadors - Choose cabinet members or Supreme Court Justices without Senate approval Executive Power If the president does it, that means it s not illegal - Richard Nixon Add recent examples to the table below: Executive Power Example Executive Orders Presidential Memoranda Presidential Proclamations

22 National Security Directives Impoundment The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 was passed as Congress felt that President Nixon was abusing his authority to impound the funding of programs he opposed. The Act effectively removed the impoundment power of the president and required him to obtain Congressional approval if he wants to rescind specific government spending. President Nixon signed the Act with little protest because the administration was then embroiled in the Watergate scandal and unwilling to provoke Congress. Signing statements Use of Executive powers: - In emergencies - Pay debts without many resources - Don t attract attention - Signing statements prevent vetoes Disadvantages: - Large amount of power in executive hands - Difficult for successors - Undermine existing law procedures - Easy for the next administration to undo - Closed policymaking process Vice President Role in the Constitution: In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation or inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. Article 2, Section 1, Role of the Vice President What are the Vice President s two other duties specified in the Constitution? Type Answer Here

23 The Evolution of the Vice President: Explain the importance of the 12 th Amendment in 1804 Type Answer Here Explain the importance of the 25 th Amendment in 1967 with examples Type Answer Here Selection: Selected by party s presidential candidate before opening party s national convention. They run together on a joint ticket. Explain the concept of a balanced ticket using the example of Obama (47 years old) and Biden (65 years old) Type Answer Here There are three groups of Vice- President: 1- President in waiting (first two decades) a. Explain i. Only 14 VPs have become Presidents, with only 4 of them (Adams, Jefferson, Van Buren and Bush Senior) announcing their own electoral college victories 2- Major Spokesperson a. Explain i. Especially the last three VPs, with Al Gore on environment and government efficiency, Cheney and Biden on foreign policy 3- Liaison a. Explain i. Cheney and Biden have become legislative liaisons and party workers (Cheney in 2002 midterms, Biden in 2010 and 2012). Other vice presidents (and even Biden) could be seen as Washington outsiders, as previous governors. Explain how federalism and the role of the president has impacted the role of the vice president Type Here Explain what type of Vice President Joe Biden is Type Here Importance of VPs: - Balancing the ticket - Taking responsibility for specific policy areas - Congressional Liaison - attack dog - Standing in for president - Cheerleader

24 Federal Bureaucracy Congress has the constitutional authority to create, fund and change agencies. Where can this be found in the Constitution? Type here. Article 2, outlines the power that the President has to direct agencies and select their leaders. Functions: Executing laws - Explain Creating laws - Explain Creating rules - Explain Ajudication - Explain Components of the Federal Bureaucracy DEPARTMENTS: How many Cabinet Departments are there? What is the Secretary s job? What is the largest department in terms of staff? What is the largest department in terms of funding? INDEPENDENT REGULATORY COMMISSIONS: Dozens of independent agencies and commissions operate within the bureaucracy, each with a responsibility for regulating particular sectors of the economy and policy areas. Which commission is responsible for pharmaceuticals? What are they usually headed by? What does the Federal Reserve Board have influence over? INDEPENDENT EXECUTIVE AGENCIES: These conventionally have narrower responsibilities, led by a single director appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The heads report directly to the president rather than to a Departmental Secretary. GOVERNMENT-SPONSORED CORPORATIONS From the 1930s, Congress has established corporations to perform functions that used to be done by private firms. Example

25 Growth of the Federal Bureaucracy Number the phases of growth displayed bellow with dates: Phase #### This Congress acknowledged that for an effective presidency to occur, the officials appointed to government departments should be appointed by the president. Most of the federal government workers were located in the Post Office Phase #### The crises caused the federal government to expand in size, scope and complexity. FDR s New Deal set up large numbers of agencies to provide jobs and economic support. Most of the vast increase in federal employment took place during this stage. Phase #### There was increased pressure on the federal lawmakers to deal with problems previously left to state and local governments. As part of the Great Society programme, two key departments were created. The expansion continued throughout the following decades. Phase #### A Crisis transformed the federal government, in order to regulate and ensure that everyone had all of the resources they needed. Congress established the Federal Trade Commission to insulate small businesses from unfair competition and the Federal Reserve System to regulate banks, set interest rates and control the money supply. Complete the advantages column in the table bellow: Disadvantages Clientelism Imperialism Parochialism Incrementalism Arbitrariness Waste Advantages How does Congress check the federal bureaucracy? Type answer here Cabinet of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices - Article 2, Section 2 There have been 12 Cabinet rejections. Explain One: Type Here What are these people examples of? - Zoe E Baird - Anthony Lake

26 - Hershell W Gober - Linda Chavez - Bernard Kerik Type Answer Here. Match the person with their role: Chuck Hagel John Kerry Jacob Lew Eric Holder Sally Jewell Thomas J Vilsack Hilda L Solis Thomas Perez Kathleen Sebelius Shaun L.S Donovan Ray LaHood Anthony Foxx Steven Chu Ernest Moniz Arne Duncan Eric K Shinseki Janet Napolitano Denis McDonough Secretary of Homeland Security White House Chief of Staff Outgoing Secretary of Transportation Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Nominated Secretary of Transportion Secretary of Education Outgoing Secretary of Energy Secretary of Veterans Attorney General Secretary of Agriculture Nominated Secretary of Energy Nominated Secretary of the Interior Outgoing Secretary of Labor Secretary of Health and Human Services Nominated Secretary of Labor Secretary of Defense Secretary of the Treasury Secretary of State Match the Cabinet Departments to the year they were created: Department of State 2002 Department of Treasury 1965 Department of Agriculture 1903 Department of Defence 1979 Department of Education 1913 Department of the Interior 1789 Department of Veterans Affairs 1849 Department of Justice 1947 Department of Homeland Security 1979

27 Department of Labour 1789 Department of Housing and Urban 1966 Development Department of Commerce 1862 Department of Transportation 1870 Department of Energy 1977 Add the headings: Type Here

28 Executive Office of the Presidency To ensure the President is in a position to make responsible decisions, and then when decisions have been made, to assist him in seeing to it that every administrative department and agency is properly informed Council of Economic Advisers Council on Environmental Quality Executive Residence National Security Staff Office of Administration Office of Management and Budget Office of National Drug Control Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of the United States Trade Representative Office of the Vice President White House Office Explain the responsibilities of: - The Office of Management and Budget - The Council of Economic Advisors - The National Security Council - The White House Office What qualities are important for an executive appointee to have? Type Answer here Highlight which of these points refer to the Cabinet in blue, and which refer to the EXOP in purple: - Consists of personal aides - Generally plays a limited role, with infrequent meetings and the President may overrule it - Torn between loyalty - Closer proximity - More likely to be long term associates - Can play a more significant role - May not have a close relationship with the President - Can be used in different ways - Tends to be used to ensure that everything is directed and drawn together

29 President and Congress Congress theoretically has superiority within the US Government. In reality, the balance of power has depended on different circumstances and personalities involved. Key Pattern: Peace+ prosperity= dominant Congress War+ danger= dominant President Explain how the 9/11 changed the balance of power Type Here Name the checks and balances Congress has over the Presidency: How the president can take a lead in Domestic policy: - Proposals o He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient - Article 2, Section 3 - Bully pulpit - Party leadership and loyalty - Veto threats - Budgeting o Explain this using Obama s 2015 budgeting proposals - Executing the laws with discretion How Congress can take the lead in Domestic policy: - Writing the laws o Explain this using Article 1, Section 8 - Deciding which bills to act upon - Overseeing the bureaucracy Presidential Success: - Presidential Popularity o From , the percentage that approve of how president is handling his job had always stayed above that of the Congress o Ronald Reagan was one of the most powerful presidents, and his approval rating was always above 50%, even within his second term. o Obama has received the most support from Congress since 1953 and his approval rating has stayed 20% above Congress

30 What are the other four factors that contribute to President s ability to successfully lead Congress? Presidential Limitations The information on the President s roles and powers in the Constitution is very limited, and mostly administrative. Fill in the Constraints column on the table below: Presidential Role Constraints on the President HEAD OF STATE Appointment of ambassadors Emergency powers CHIEF EXECUTIVE Policymaking Control of agencies like CIA Appointments Control of bureaucracy Control of cabinet Budget COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF Control of the armed forces CHIEF DIPLOMAT CHIEF LEGISLATOR

31 PARTY CHIEF (not in Constitution) Checks on the Presidential Power CONGRESS Fill in the Checks by Congress column with recent examples: Power of the President Checks by Congress Propose legislation Type Here Submit the annual budget Veto legislation Act as chief executive Nominate executive officials Nominate federal judges Negotiate treaties Commander-in-chief of the armed forces SUPREME COURT - The Supreme Court can declare actions of the executive to be unconstitutional o Supreme Court ruled 9-0 that Obama s 3 recess appointments to the National Labor Regulations Board as unconstitutional. This is because the Senate was not truly in recess when he made them during a three-day break in pro forma meetings PUBLIC OPINION MEDIA - Opinion polls can also check presidential power o 41%- 32% Obama is doing a good job - The role of the media has increased in recent years due to the power of social media. They also have huge power by choosing what stories to c over o Woodward and Bernstein exposed the Watergate cover up, eventually leading to Nixon s resignation o Role of social media in Obama s 2010 presidential race o Romney September 2012 there are 47% of the people who will vote for the president no matter what gaffe, Romney admitted did the real damage

32 PRESSURE GROUPS - Funding, influence over public opinion and elections, the revolving door and iron triangle FEDERAL BUREAUCRACY - Their inefficiency, and lack of ability to change OTHER FACTORS - The federal system - Professional Reputation - Unity of the party - Crises - Constitutional Amendments Rate the power of the following presidents from 1 (the most powerful) to 7 (the least powerful): - John F Kennedy - Richard Nixon - Ronald Reagan - George Bush - Bill Clinton - GWB - Barack Obama How has presidential power increased? Type Here Imperial Presidency Term taken from Schlesinger s analysis of Johnson and Nixon s abuse of power, where the EXOP have become the Court of an Emperor Show evidence for this: Type Here IMPERILLED PRESIDENCY Gerard Ford is a good example of this, due to his lack of party leadership in Congress and inability to control the federal bureaucracy. BIFURCATED PRESIDENCY Some argue that presidency is almost like two separate roles, with different levels of power. Explain this with evidence What was Richard Neustadt s view on presidential power? Type Answer Here What was Kernell s Going Public view on presidential power? Type Answer Here What was Skowronek s Political Time argument? Type Answer Here

33 THE SUPREME COURT

34 1) Fill in the gaps for the powers of the SC review. the constitution. Powers of the SC Interpret to ensure they are constitutional. Rule on cases involving the constitution treaties and between states. laws, Ensure laws are interpreted. 2) Sum up each the role of the Supreme Court in 2 bullet points. Constitutional Interpretation: Original/Appellate Jurisdiction Strict/Lose constructionist Judicial Review: Judicial Activism: Judicial Restraint:

35 3) The SC will hear a variety of cases, give an example for each: Different states and the federal government Arguments between different states or citizens of different states: The USA as a party: Ambassadors, ministers and consuls of other countries: 4) Quick Justice fire round: How many judges is the SC made up of? Who is the Chief Justice? How many Judges has Obama appointed to the SC? What are their names? How often does a vacancy usually occur? Name two places where the President may look in order to find a nominee 5) Fill in the gaps of what happens at each stage within the appointment and Confirmation Process President Nomination President nominates and then the name to the Senate. White House Review Members of the branch qualifications. Paperwork and Financial Disclosure Nominee fills out to disclose information about their status. FBI Investigation Investigate past actions and any with the law. Senate Confirmation Hearings Member of the Senate Judicial interview and question the nominee about a range of topics. Senate Vote Full Senate or the nominee by a majority vote. 6) Why are these nominees important? Sandra Day O Conner - Harriet Mires John Roberts

36 Robert Bork - 7) Judicial Activism For Against - - 8) Judicial Review: It was established through Marbury v Madison, explain this 9) Landmark Cases: What year did these cases take place in? - Roth v United States = Dred Scott v Stanford = Ableman v Booth = Near v Minnesota = Engle v Vitale = Texas v Johnson = 1989 Briefly explain the following cases: -Brown v Board of Education = - Roe v Wade = - United States v Nixon = 10) Checks: Which checks from the Legislature on the SC are these examples of Elena Kagan and Judge Thomas G Porteous Recent attempts of overturning decisions on flag desecration/school prayer/abortion Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act 2009 Which checks from the Executive on the SC are these examples of Congress refusing Roosevelt s plan to increase the number of Justices to 15 Clinton used 140 in one day, Obama has used 22

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