[ 5.1 ] The Presidency An Overview. [ 5.1 ] The Presidency An Overview. The President's Many Roles. [ 5.1 ] The Presidency An Overview

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term for the President as vested with the executive power of the United States chief administrator term for the President as head of the administration of the Federal Government chief diplomat term

1 [ 5.1 ] The Presidency An Overview [ 5.1 ] The Presidency An Overview The President's Many Roles chief of state term for the President as the ceremonial head of the United States, the symbol of all the people of the nation chief executive term for the President as vested with the executive power of the United States chief administrator term for the President as head of the administration of the Federal Government chief diplomat term for the President as the main architect of foreign policy and spokesperson to other countries commander in chief term for the President as commander of the nation s armed forces chief legislator term for the President as architect of public policy and the one who sets the agenda for Congress chief economist term for the President as monitor of the nation s economic condition chief of party term for the President as the leader of his or her political party chief citizen term for the President as the representative of the people, working for the public interest [ 5.1 ] The Presidency An Overview Formal Qualifications for the Presidency Must be a natural born citizen At least 35 years old Lived in the United States for at least 14 years The Presidential Term of Office Presidential Term - 4 Years A person may serve 2 terms or up to 10 years as President [ 5.1 ] The Presidency An Overview Presidential Succession and Disability The Presidential Line of Succession was created by the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 following FDR s death.

include: Preside over the US Senate as the President of the Senate Help decide questions of Presidential Disability as outlined in the 25th Amendment To be President in Waiting 48 people have served

2 [ 5.2 ] The Vice President and the First Lady [ 5.2 ] The Vice President and the First Lady The Structure and Function of the Vice Presidency The US Constitution provides very little for the Vice President to do Official duties of the Vice President include: Preside over the US Senate as the President of the Senate Help decide questions of Presidential Disability as outlined in the 25th Amendment To be President in Waiting 48 people have served as Vice President, of these, 14 have later become President [ 5.2 ] The Vice President and the First Lady [ 11.3 ] Electing the President The First Lady First Lady is the official title for the President's wife or the White House hostess. Not all First Ladies were wives of a President; one such example is Harriet Lane, First Lady for her uncle, President James Buchanan. The role of First Lady is not a Constitutional position.

3 [ 11.3 ] Electing the President Why the Electoral College? The Electoral College was created to select the President because they felt that a direct popular vote would not produce stable results and was not possible because Americans lived so far apart in the country at the time. [ 11.3 ] Electing the President The Electoral College - How it Works Each State gets the number of Presidential Electors equal to the number of US Representatives and US Senators they have in Congress (Minimum of 3) Presidential Electors are chosen by the State s Legislature The Constitution provides very little direction on a person becomes a candidate for the Presidency. Election Day is the First Tuesday, after the First Monday, in November, every four years. Political Parties have filled that void and today are in charge of setting the rules and choosing who gets to participate in their nominating conventions. When a voter cast their ballot for a Presidential candidate they are actually voting for that candidate s Electors in the Electoral College Electors for the winning Presidential candidate in that state then gather in their state s capitol to cast their electoral college votes [ 11.3 ] Electing the President The Electoral College - How it Works (Cont) Congress then counts all the Electoral College votes on the Monday, after the second Wednesday in December The final step in this process is that on January 6th the President of Senate then counts all ballots and declares a winner if a candidate receives a majority of electoral votes (that number is currently 270 out of 538 electoral votes) [ 11.3 ] Electing the President Flaws in the Electoral College The electoral college system is plagued by three major defects: (1)the winner of the popular vote is not guaranteed the presidency; (2)electors are not required to vote in accord with the popular vote; and (3)any election might have to be decided in the House of Representatives.

The Growth of Presidential Power Presidents in the last 100 years have had strong personalities - Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin Roosevelt, Harry Truman, Dwight Eisenhower, John Kennedy, Lyndon

4 The Growth of Presidential Power Presidents in the last 100 years have had strong personalities - Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin Roosevelt, Harry Truman, Dwight Eisenhower, John Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, & Barack Obama Historical events have led the nation to look to the President for leadership: World War I, the Great Depression, World War II, the ColdWar, & Terrorism The President has an advantage over Congress when it comes to mass media coverage because its easier to cover one person rather than 535 people. The Power to Execute the Law The Constitution requires that the President to execute all federal laws Most laws written by Congress are done so in broad terms allowing the President some latitude in how they are executed. Ordinance Power - An implied power of the Presidency, the ability to make rules for the organization you run. Executive Orders - A directive, rule or regulation that has the effect of law, applies only to the Federal Government and it s employees. The Powers of Appointment and Removal The President has the power to appoint all Ambassadors, Diplomats, Cabinet Members, Heads of Independent Agencies, Federal Judges & Supreme Court Justices, US Marshals, US Attorneys and Officers in the Armed Forces Recess Appointment - The President can temporarily bypass the Senate to fill a vacancy if the Senate is not in session. Removal Power - Congress & the President have struggled throughout our history over how much power the President has to remove appointed government officials. The President may remove an appointed official from office, but may not remove an appointed Federal Judge or Supreme Court Justice.

5 The Powers of Appointment and Removal The Powers of Clemency The President has been given certain judicial powers. Specifically, the Constitution gives the President the power to Reprieve - Postponing the execution of a criminal sentence Pardon - Granting legal forgiveness for a crime Clemency - Providing legal protection from Federal laws only Commutation - Reducing a criminal sentence Amnesty - Blanket pardoning for a group of people The Power to Recommend Legislation The Message Power - The President can recommend legislation to Congress The President delivers three major messages to Congress. State of Union - Delivered in person to a joint session of Congress Budget Message - Outlines the President s requested budget for the next year Economic Report - Updates Congress on the current state of the Economy Other Legislative Powers - The President can call Congress into Special Session to deal with an important issue The Power of the Veto The Constitution requires that all legislation passed by Congress be presented to the President. When the Presidents receives that legislation he or she has four options on what to do with it Sign the legislation making it the law Veto it (Latin for I Forbid), sending it back to Congress for a 2/3 override vote in the House and Senate. Pocket Veto, If Congress is not in session and the President takes no action the legislation dies after 10 days (not including Sundays) Pocket Approval, If Congress is in session and the President takes no action the legislation becomes law after 10 days (not including Sundays)

6 [ 5.4 ] The President's Foreign Affairs Powers [ 5.4 ] The President's Foreign Affairs Powers The President's Diplomatic Powers The Power to Make Treaties - Only the President can create treaties with other countries, but those treaties must be ratified by the US Senate. Executive Agreements - The President can create agreements with other countries based on legislation passed by Congress The Power of Recognition - The President s power to legitimize another nations by recognizing their sovereign status [ 5.4 ] The President's Foreign Affairs Powers [ 6.1 ] The Federal Bureaucracy Commander in Chief The Constitution makes the President the commander in chief of the nation s armed forces Though not an expressed power, the Constitution has been interpreted to allow the President to use the armed forces at times without a Congressional declaration of war. The War Powers Resolution of 1973 has helped to define the President s ability to use the armed forces After 48 hours of engaging troops the President must report to Congress Combat must end within 60 days unless Congress approves further action Congress can recall troops at anytime by passing a concurrent resolution

It is the means by which the government makes and administers public policy the sum of all of its decisions and actions. Nearly all of that huge bureaucracy is located in the executive branch.

7 [ 6.1 ] The Federal Bureaucracy What Is a Bureaucracy? [ 6.1 ] The Federal Bureaucracy Executive Branch Bureaucracy The federal bureaucracy is all of the agencies, people, and procedures through which the Federal Government operates. It is the means by which the government makes and administers public policy the sum of all of its decisions and actions. Nearly all of that huge bureaucracy is located in the executive branch. Not all of it, however, because both Congress and the federal court system are bureaucracies, as well. [ 6.2 ] The EOP and the Executive Departments [ 6.2 ] The EOP and the Executive Departments Structure of the Executive Office of the President The Executive Office of the President (EOP) was created in 1939 to help assist the President in managing the Federal Government. All of the President s advisors and staff are a part of the EOP. Important offices with in the EOP include The National Security Council The Office of Management and Budget The Office of National Drug Control Policy The Council of Economic Advisers

is responsible for appointing the leader or Secretary for each of these departments, the Senate must confirm his or her appointee.

8 [ 6.2 ] The EOP and the Executive Departments [ 6.2 ] The EOP and the Executive Departments The Executive Departments The Executive Departments Most of the work of the government is done by the Executive Departments and their Subunits The President is responsible for appointing the leader or Secretary for each of these departments, the Senate must confirm his or her appointee. These Secretaries form the President s Cabinet or group of high level of advisors. The Cabinet is an informal advisory body brought together by the President to serve his needs. The Constitution makes no mention of this group of advisors, nor did Congress create it. State 1789 Health & Human Ser Treasury 1789 Housing & Urban Dev Defense 1789 Transportation 1967 Interior 1849 Energy 1977 Justice 1870 Education 1979 Agriculture 1889 Veterans Affairs 1988 Commerce 1903 Homeland Security 2002 Labor 1913 [ 6.3 ] The Independent Agencies [ 6.3 ] The Independent Agencies

[ 6.3 ] The Independent Agencies [ 6.4 ] Foreign Policy Overview Government Corporations [ 6.

everything a nation s government says and does in world affairs domestic affairs all matters not directly connected to the realm of foreign affairs foreign affairs a nation s relationships with other

of making America and its allies so militarily strong that their very strength will discourage, or prevent, any attack cold war a period of more than 40 years during which relations between the two

9 [ 6.3 ] The Independent Agencies [ 6.4 ] Foreign Policy Overview Government Corporations [ 6.4 ] Foreign Policy Overview Key Terms foreign policy a group of policies made up of all the stands and actions that a nation takes in every aspect of its relationships with other countries; everything a nation s government says and does in world affairs domestic affairs all matters not directly connected to the realm of foreign affairs foreign affairs a nation s relationships with other countries isolationism a purposeful refusal to become generally involved in the affairs of the rest of the world collective security the keeping of international peace and order deterrence the policy of making America and its allies so militarily strong that their very strength will discourage, or prevent, any attack cold war a period of more than 40 years during which relations between the two superpowers (United States and Soviet Union) were at least tense, and often hostile; a time of threats and military build-up containment a policy based in the belief that if communism could be kept within its existing boundaries, it would collapse under the weight of its internal weaknesses détente French term meaning a relaxation of tensions [ 6.5 ] Diplomacy

appointed by the President to represent the nation in matters of diplomacy diplomatic immunity when ambassadors are not subject to the laws of the state to which they are accredited passport a legal

10 [ 6.5 ] Diplomacy [ 6.5 ] Diplomacy America's Representatives to the World Key Terms right of legation the right to send and receive diplomatic representatives ambassador an official representative of the United States appointed by the President to represent the nation in matters of diplomacy diplomatic immunity when ambassadors are not subject to the laws of the state to which they are accredited passport a legal document issued by a state that identifies a person as a citizen of that state and permits travel to and from that state The State Department, headed by the secretary of state, is the President s right arm in foreign affairs. The President names the secretary of state, subject to confirmation by the Senate. It is to the secretary of state and to the Department of State that the President looks for advice and assistance in both the formulation and the conduct of the nation s foreign policy. visa a permit to enter another country, obtained from the country one wishes to enter foreign aid economic and military aid to other countries regional security alliances treaties in which the U.S. and other countries involved have agreed to take collective action to meet aggression in a particular part of the world [ 6.6 ] National Security [ 6.6 ] National Security

Chapter 8 The Presidency. Section 1 President and Vice President

Chapter 8 The Presidency. Section 1 President and Vice President The Presidency Chapter 8 The Presidency Section 1 President and Vice President Standard SSCG13: The student will describe the qualifications for becoming President of the United States Duties of the President