Welfare State in Spain Social policy in Spain

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1 University of Jaen Welfare State in Spain Social policy in Spain Eva Sotomayor Morales Mª Luisa Grande Gascón Marta García Domingo María Partal Ureña

2 General information The Spanish economy is the 14th world economy in terms of PIB, ahead of Indonesia and of Turkey. According Eurostat, the GDP per cápita reached, in 2011, the 99% of the average in the European Union. It ranks 8th country worlwide among countries with the highest number of multinationals, behind Japan and followed by of Australia, Hong Kong and Canada. Furthermore, according to the 2010 UN s report, Spain has an index of human development of 0.878, that is, the 23rd worldwide, ahead of europeans countries, like Italy, United Kingdom or Greece. In contrast, the Spanish economy presents the highest level of social inequality in the Eurozone, according to Eurostat and Gini s coefficient.

3 Spanish recent history Spain entered the 20th century facing an economical recession which gave way to a brief period of political stability until the Spanish Civil War broke out ( ). The victory of General Franco impossed a dictatorial regime. A strong repression over defeated ones devolved the exile of thousands of Spaniards and the condemn to death to others as well as the imprisonment of many. In 1969, Franco named Juan Carlos de Borbón as his successor. In spite of the intense repression against any political freedom, Spain experienced an industrial and economical development during 60s and 70s. This period was called the Spanish Development. Francisco Franco died the 20th of november in 1975 and Juan Carlos was pronounced king two days later with the name of Juan Carlos I. A new period known as Transition started and ended up with the establishment of a Parlamentary Monarchy in 1978.

4 PREVIOUS WELFARE STATE Welfare State is: Public sector commitment with the full employment. The minimun income guarantee to all citizens. First social insurance were created at the end of nineteenth century. Most of the authors have considered these social insurance like the origins of Welfare State The Welfare State comes from the contradiction between freedom and equality, trying to reconcile both principles.

5 Factors which have changed Spain since 1982 At the political level: 1) The process of changing from an authoritarian regime to a democracy, that is, the recognition of rights civil, political and social rights. 2) The process of non centralization policy involving the transfer of power from central government to the autonomous regions. 3) Spanish integration in the European Union. At the economical level: a) The modernaziation of the productive structures and the impact of the new technologies. b) the dramatic increase of long term unemployment rate among young people. As remarkable social changes a) The woman massive access to the labour market, b) Demografic changes :the decrease in birth rate and increase in life expectancy. c) the increase of poverty and inequality.

6 The Welfare State begins with the Moncloa Pacts (25 of October in 1977), which establish the democratic process in Spain. Political agreements: Constitution of Right of asociation and meeting, reform of the Penal Code, freedom of expression and political reorganization. Economical agreements: Inflation control, (30%), creation of new ocupations, shortage of subsidies, non protection of employees. As a consequence of this FOUR SOCIAL INSTITUTES were stated in a December Decree INSALUD. Protection of the Public Health. INSS. Retirement and unemployment benefits. INSERSO. Management of social services for old or disabled people. INEM. Unemployment.

7 Welfare State consolidation Social politicies elaborated at the beginning of the democracy are placed in a context of economical recession which increases the demands and interfere the getting of resources. Factors contributing the crisis: Spanish industrial dependence on gas. The increase of unemployment rate (return of inmigrants, the increase of labour costs, low competitiveness, rigidity of the labour market, and the entering of a big active population to the labour market. Weakness of the Civil Spanish Society. El PSOE ( ) introduces some of the measures for the development of the welfare state.

8 SOCIAL POLICY MODELS We can describe the political science like the study of ways of power and conflicts in our societies. There are differents types of social policy: Residual model. This type allow to the people the chance to face the problems and no solve them in a directly way. Model based in personal achievement: we satisfy our needs above the productive capacity of the individual. Redistributive institutional model: The objective is reduce inequalities and compensate disadvantaged people. Total model: There is a public programation of intervention.

9 Important legislative development It s necessary to emphasize, that in the last years there has been an important evolution of democratic state and an important achievements by the societies, most of them are capture in the legislation. Territorial distribution: Our Constitution establishes a system of territorial distribution of power developed by the Statutes of Autonomy and it s make possible the realization of different social politicies in many parts of territory, so Autonomous communities take on competences in social equality.

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11 Ministry of health, social services and equality There are competences in: Violence of gender. Equality of chances. Families and childhood Unability Drugs and anothers adictives behaviour. Imserso (grown ups) Youth

12 SOCIAL SERVICES The implantation of a modern social security system had to adapt to a population who is aging and a public budget with strong deficits. With democracy becomes universal social protection. Social services try to answer to specific needs. 12

13 Intervention target of public system of Social Services Assistance: Bring support to individuals whith socially and economically needs. Rehabilitation insertion: Try to integrate people who are at risk of marginalization. Prevention: Is to attack the causes that lead to marginalization and eliminate. There two types of prevention: Primary prevention Secondary prevention Accessibility: Try to equalize opportunities.

14 Advances Regulatory changes and creating new organisms from new social and political framework: IMSERSO: (1978) LISMI (Law on social integration of the disabled) Transfer of powers in social services to Autonomous Communities. Distinction between General Social Services and Community and Specialist. Constitution of the three levels: Central Government, regionals and locals (over inhabitants) Spectacular growth in public spending. ( thousands to thousands in 1990) Creation of the Ministry of Social Affairs in 1988: (promote social participation) Consensual Plan of Basic Social Services. The allocation of 0,52% of personal income tax for social purpose (emergency private entities and GNOs) 14

15 Measures of attention to reliance Care dependency: main challenge of social policy in developed countries. Pressure: aging population and demands for quality and social justice. 30th of november in 2006 it was passed in the House of Diputies Congress: Act to promote personal autonomy and care for people in situations of dependency. (Aclaration. Concept of depence) Many companies work to developed this, trying to help dependents people. 15

16 CONTRIBUTIONS Dependency concept. (like lack of personal autonomy) Create an universal right (any spanish citizen in a dependent has right) Inclusion of informal help (financially benefit the carer). Degrees of dependency. (moderate, severe and high dependency) Co payment system. Creating Regional Boards. Increased career of the social. Replaces economic funding if lack of services. * 16

17 HEALTH SOCIAL SERVICES Fourth pillar EDUCATION PENSION - Promotion law and personal autonomy and care for people in situation of Dependency. -Modification of the laws of social services.

18 General procedure for the recognition of the situation of dependency. Application Comuunity social services. Valuator Area Valuation Provincial Head PROVINCE AREA People in a situation of dependency System of Attention to the Dependency

19 It s difficult to sum so different realities Spain have a retard in the welfare System in due to an historical situation Many advances had been made many things have to be done yet The Economical Crisis is being a big problem for the social advanced

20 Thank you for your attention We would like to presentation the University of Jaén

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38 We invite you to the UJA