AP European History Unit 4 Part IV: The Cold War Era and the Emergence of the New Europe

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1 AP European History Unit 4 Part IV: The Cold War Era and the Emergence of the New Europe Calendar Wednesday 4.5 Homework: Unit 4 Part IV, Assignment 8 - WORK TO HAND IN FOR A GRADE Friday 4.7 Due: Assignment 8 - WORK TO HAND IN FOR CREDIT Topics: Trying to make sense of the Early Cold War, In Class: SAQ Homework: Assignment 9 Tuesday 4.11 Due: Assignment 9 - Work to do and use in class Topics: Later Cold War Confrontations, and Decolonization In Class: Timed LEQ using charts from homework In Class: Later Cold War Confrontations Homework: Assignment 10 Thursday 4.13 Due: Assignment 10 Topics: The History of 1989 In Class: Working with sources Homework: Assignment 11 Friday 4.14 Due: Assignment 11 Topics: Rise of Radical Political Islam and 20 th Century Movement of Peoples In Class: Short but sweet! Homework: Assignment 12 AND Study! Study! Study! Heads up! The history in this part of Unit 4 Part IV is probably THE MOST IMPORTANT HISTORY all year, seriously. Current historiography focuses on Europe post-economic miracle and post This is yet another fascinating time in history, and understanding what transpired in Europe from 1952 to 2000 will give you a better picture of how far specific European nations have come since that little plague virus festered in the stomach of the rat that came on the ship that docked in Genoa in

2 Assignment 8: Due: Friday Early Years of the Cold War, Work to hand in for credit!! 1. Please read Chapter 21, pages and maps in handout 2. There are 8 sources provided by your textbook, and only a link away. Please read, watch, analyze all the sources found in your very expensive textbook. 3. The Soviet Archives: 4. Hoover Institute (Stanford University), Soviet Archives HistorySage notes are OK, so I have uploaded my notes to nixonland. 6. Be able to define a cold war and understand the circumstances of its formation and early development as a conflict driven by competing interests and hegemonic control of the postwar world. 7. U.S. economic dominance included decisions made at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference. The International Monetary Fund (IMF), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the World Bank. Quick read on the Bretton Woods System: 8. GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade was established in The U.S. Marshall Plan: Called the Economic Miracle by western European nations who signed on. How does this plan support the U.S. economy? All material, from cement to iron to windows, had to come from the U.S. 10. Please read: 1. Josef Stalin, Excerpts from the Soviet Victory Speech, 1946 : 2. Winston Churchill, from the Iron Curtain Speech, Use questions at end of reading for analysis. 3. Map: Shifting Borders: Eastern Europe - Think about the history of these nations: Significance to whom and why? Attempts at self-determination? Expectations when WWII ended? How did the people in each of these nations respond to Stalin s establishment of the Eastern Bloc? 11. TO DO FOR CREDIT: (Please, no late work, ok?) Please read the two sources found on pages 790 and 791, noting the author, purpose, and audience for each. Compose responses to the 6 questions and share with me for credit. 12. Check out my notes, Partition of Germany for added information. 13. What was NATO? NATO OTAN, What did the 1955 Warsaw Pact establish? Balfour Declaration and the establishment of a Jewish State (See attached maps.) And the Palestinian point of view from Palestine-Israel Journal Korean War: Our textbook fails to mention Secretary of State Dean Acheson s speech about a defensive perimeter and his part in Soviet expansion into the Korean peninsula. Read excerpts from speech: Some important sources: Soviet Statement: Friendship and Co-operation Between the Soviet Union and Other Soviet States, October 30, Joseph Stalin: Reply to Churchill, Sixteen Political, Economic, and Ideological Points, Budapest, October 22, Please use these questions to test your understanding of the history. 1. From Soviet Statement, 1956: Based on this selection what was Soviet policy in the 1950s toward its Eastern European satellite states? How did the Soviets justify intervening in Hungary in 1956? How did Europe come to be dominated by the two strong superpowers after 1945? 2. What were the origins of the Cold war? 3. Why were the Nuremberg War Crimes Trial and the Tokyo War Crimes Trials necessary? 4. What are war crimes? 5. How was the new United Nations organized? Who held the most power in this new international organization? Why? (Visit the UN website.) 2

3 6. Who belonged to the Christian Democrats political parties? What was the party platform? 7. Why did President Truman order the placement of nuclear weapons in the U.K. during the Berlin Crisis? 8. Analyze the ways in which the Cold War affected the political development of European nations from the end of the Second World War in 1945 to the construction of the Berlin Wall in What is the significance of the UN declaration on Genocide? UN Resolution 260, 1948 On Genocide - Assignment 9: Due: Tuesday Please read Chapter 21, pages Please read the article, Empire and colonialism: Rich men in London still deciding Africa s future, by Colin Todhunter, Pambazika News for your understanding and notes. 3. Don t forget to read excerpts from Khrushchev s Secret Speech, found on page The Suez Intervention: Soviet Reaction to the Baghdad Pact, Please read: Gamal Abdel Nasser, Speech on the Suez Canal (Egypt), Why did Austria gain status as a neutral state in 1955? 7. Hungarian Uprising: Why didn t U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower say yes to the Hungarians request for support in fighting Soviet control? 8. How did Nikita Khrushchev s policies and reforms change the Soviet state after the repression of Stalin? (What were his policies? What was the Soviet state?) 9. As you trace the stages of the Cold War, explain why 1956 and 1962 are viewed as particularly crucial years. 10. How did the Berlin Wall and the Cuban Missile Crisis strain relations between the U.S. and the Soviet Union? 11. What impact did Leonid Brezhnev have on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe? (Brezhnev Doctrine) 12. What was détente? 13. Exactly why was Khrushchev removed from his position as premier of the Soviet Union? 14. Please be able to explain why the 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia took place. 15. Check out this website that presents more substantial information about life under Brezhnev: Why did the Soviets invade Afghanistan? What did U.S. President Jimmy Carter do in response? 17. How did WWII serve as a catalyst for decolonization? 18. Must visit the map provided in your textbook on page See the graphic organizer on decolonization. Follow the directions given and bring to class to use in a timed LEQ exercise. This will be collected for a grade. 20. Explain why European nations ended their imperialistic degrading control of nations in the 1960s? What were the specific factors that motivated them to do this? 21. Know how each imperialistic nation worked through extraction of degrading control over indigenous peoples. What did the U.K. do? How did it go for France in Algeria? Vietnam? 22. After WWII, Europe achieved unprecedented economic prosperity and maintained liberal democratic governments. How did Western Europe move toward political and economic unity? 23. Analyze various factors that contributed to the process of decolonization in the period 1914 to Example of a LEQ: Considering the period 1953 to 1991, analyze the problems within the Soviet Union that contributed to the eventual collapse of the Soviet system. To answer this question, you need to understand first: 1. What was the Soviet system? Remember the question about structural problems under Lenin? Look at: excessive centralization in the economy, the Central Committee s role, foreign policy, outdated industrial capacity, the second economy, leadership, inability to modernize 2. Who were the leaders? You need to include the specific Soviet leaders from Khrushchev and late-stalinism up to Mikhail Gorbachev. 3

4 Some websites: Charles de Gaulle: France s Attitude Toward US Policy in Vietnam, A Concrete Curtain: The Life and Death of the Berlin Wall - Remembering Bloody Sunday, January 30, Cold War International History Project Bulletins Online - Assignment 10: Due: Thursday Please read Chapter 21, pages TO DO: Please visit this website, Making the History of You will find yourself looking at a photo of a vending machine. Read the descriptor below the photo. Go to at least 5 links found to the left of the photo to gain some sense of what it was like to live in an Eastern Block nation under Soviet communism. Be prepared to discuss in class. moy s monologue 1. Why did European communism collapse? 2. What was perestroika? Glasnost? Demokratizatsiia? 3. What was the Able Archer incident that took place in 1983? What impact did this have on Soviet premier Gorbachev? U.S. President Ronald Reagan? 4. Rock-n-roll! Please read this article from the guardian.com, about how Soviets were able to bootleg rock music using discarded x-rays Who is Vaclav Havel and what are the contributions this man has made to Czechoslovakia? the Czech Republic? and Europe? 6. How did Poland survive the 1989 revolutions? 7. What happened in Hungary in 1989? 8. What was German reunification? Why were western European nations wary of this event? 9. A Must to Know: The Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia! Be sure to do some research on this event. What makes it such an important event in modern European history? 10. Ah, Nicolae Ceausescu and Rumania. What happened and why? What kind of leader was he? Research! 11. Explain why Gorbachev renounced the Communist Party monopoly? 12. Explain why today Russians support Putin and despise Gorbachev. 13. Be able to explain the chain of events that took place in 1991 that ended with Gorbachev leaving office on December 25, Who was Boris Yeltsin? How was he able to come to power? 15. Don t forget to check out the toppling of a Lenin statue during the Soviet collapse. (page 821) 16. Please check out the map in nixonland that shows the nationalities within the Soviet Union. 17. Why did Russian leadership refuse to give Chechnya its independence? 18. Yugoslavia without Tito: How did ethnic tensions lead to civil war in Yugoslavia? 19. Putin! What vision does Vladimir Putin have of Russia s place in the world? 20. Don t forget to read to understand Putin s Outline of a Vision of the Russian Future found on page 825. Just some websites to check out: A must! Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster - The Triumph of Solidarity - Perestroika As defined by the Communist Party Plenum of Jan Europa: Gateway to the European Union Radio Free Europe - 4

5 Examples of questions asked: Compare and contrast the political and economic policies of Joseph Stalin in the period before the Second World War and those of Mikhail Gorbachev ( ). Considering the period 1953 to 1991, analyze the problems within the Soviet Union that contributed to the eventual collapse of the Soviet system. Compare and contrast the political and economic policies of Joseph Stalin in the period before the Second World War and those of Mikhail Gorbachev ( ). Compare and contrast the political and economic effects of the Cold War ( ) on Western Europe with the effects on Eastern Europe. (One would look at two countries in Eastern Europe and two countries in Western Europe.) Assignment 11: Due Friday Please read Chapter 21, pages AND Chapter 22, pages Refer to my notes. 2. Please read the article by Shohini Kundu, Shades of Otherness in Europe: Indians and Muslims in the Milieu, huffingtonpost.com. Be prepared to discuss in class and how you would use this in analysis. 3. Remember to pay close attention to language used in text, and not what you might be watching on TV. It is expected that all students will use proper civilized educated grown-up language when writing about radical political Islamism. Know the difference between Arab nationalism and radical Islamism. 4. What forces gave rise to radical political Islamism? 5. Think about how European nationalism was adopted by colonies held by the British and French. 6. What is the Taliban? What are their goals? Their methods? 7. Explain why radical Afghani Muslim leaders declared a jihad against the Soviet Union? 8. Explain why radical members of al Qaeda ordered a jihad against the U.S.? What did the U.S. do that upset radical political Islamists? 9. How did the events of September 11, 2001, transform the West? 10. Why did NATO members join the U.S. in Afghanistan? 11. Why was the unprovoked invasion of Iraq in 2003 by President George W. Bush unpopular and controversial? Chapter 22: The Twentieth-Century Movement of People, pages How has migration changed the face of Europe? 13. What are identity politics? How is that different than prior political practices? What does it foreshadow for future politics? 14. What is displacement? 15. Be able to talk about the refugee problem after WWII and how it impacted peoples lives and livelihoods. 16. In what ways did decolonization impact both internal and external migration? 17. What are guest workers and what European nations have been practicing this for years? With whom? 18. Throughout history, people in European nations have not accepted the different religious practices and culture of the Muslim world. (Actually, the U.S. has always supported our 3 million Muslim Americans, until the 2015 presidential campaign season.) 19. Be aware of demographic statistics on population trends. 20. A must read: Muslim Women Debate France s Ban on the Veil, pages History of the European Union - Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948: 5

6 Unit 4 Part IV Terms and People Atlantic Charter (1941) Potsdam Conference (1945) Cold War Iron Curtain U.S. containment policy Marshall Plan (1947) Comintern Truman Doctrine (1947) NATO (1949) Warsaw Pact (1955) Operation Rollback Berlin Crisis ( ) Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) Berlin Airlift Hungarian Revolt (1956) Fourth French Republic Khrushchev s peaceful coexistence Soviet Gulag and camps Dien Bien Phu (1954) Treaty of Rome (1957) Suez Crisis (1956) Balfour Declaration (1917) De-Stalinization Space race Sputnik Korean War ( ) 1960 Paris Summit U-2 Incident Helsinki Accords (1975) Berlin Wall European Economic Community (EEC) Fifth French Republic Irish Republican Army (IRA) Brezhnev Doctrine European Coal & Steel Community IMF World Bank GATT Technocrats Interdependence Free French Alcide de Gasperi ( ) Charles de Gaulle ( ) Nikita Khrushchev 6

7 Imre Nagy ( ) Boris Pasternak Existentialism Glasnost Perestroika Schuman Plan (1952) Solidarity Movement and Lech Walesa Prague Spring (1968) SALT I (1972) SALT II (1979) Margaret Thatcher (1925- ) Josef Broz (Marshal Tito) ( ) Second Vatican Council (1963) Konrad Adenaur ( ) Algerian Liberation Movement Ho Chi Minh National Liberation Front (1960) Simone de Beauvoir ( ) Willy Brandt (1913- ) Albert Camus ( ) Common Market Council for Mutual Economic Aid (COMECON) Decolonization Détente Leonid Brezhnev European Free Trade Association Supply-side economics European Union European Defense Agency European Parliament European Commission Court of Justice Treaty of Maastricht (1991) German Re-unification Fall of the Soviet Union (1991) Neo-impressionism Pointillism Cubism Expressionism Futurism Art nouveau Surrealism Dada OPEC 1973 OPEC oil embargo Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan ( ) Jean-Paul Satre Alexander Solzhenitsyn 7

8 George Orwell Clement Attlee John Kennedy Richard Nixon Alexander Dubcek King Juan Carlos Chiang Kai-Shek Mao Tse-tung Big Science Americanization Ronald Reagan Francois Mitterrand First World, Second World, Third World countries Bretton Woods Monetary System (1944) IMF World Bank Christian Democrats Keynesian economics Welfare state Eastern Bloc Revolutions of 1989 Yuri Andropov ) Konstantin Chernenko ( ) Mikhail Gorbachev (1931- ) Boris Yeltsin ( ) Vladimir Putin (1952) Vaclav Havel Slobodan Milosevic 8