A. True or False Where the statement is true, mark T. Where it is false, mark F, and correct it in the space immediately below.

Transcription

1 AP European History Mr. Mercado (Rev. 09) Name Chapter 30 Cold War Conflicts and Social Transformations, A. True or False Where the statement is true, mark T. Where it is false, mark F, and correct it in the space immediately below American-Soviet conflict in the post-second World War era first centered on the problem of the future of Poland. Economic aid to Europe after the war came through the Yalta Agreement. The Truman Doctrine sought to aggressively push back communism in areas controlled by the Red Army. The only eastern European communist country able to remain free from Stalin s control was Yugoslavia. The European Coal and Steel Community moved its member countries gradually toward political unity. India played a key role in the trend toward decolonization and the end of European empires. Khrushchev s secret speech at the Twentieth Party Congress in 1956 condemned Stalin s rule. West Germany, with the support of the U.S., built the Berlin Wall in order to prevent communist East Germany from threatening West Berlin. The U.S. initiated a naval blockade of Cuba in order to prevent more Soviet missiles from entering Cuba. As a result of Big Science the control scientists have over experimentation has increased. In the postwar era, Europeans became concerned about a brain drain of European scientists leaving to work in the United States. Changes in the structure of the European middle class after the war resulted in a less rigid class structure throughout European society.

2 McKay Ch. 30 Homework Packet Page The 1968 reform movement in Czechoslovakia led to permanent liberal reforms in that country as well as in other areas of eastern Europe. The 1968 revolt in France that threatened de Gaulle s government was started by university students. By the 1960s, women continued marrying early but were having fewer children. In the decades following World War II the percentage of married women in the work force decreased significantly. Rising employment for married women was a factor in the decline of the birthrate. In the postwar era, motherhood occupied a much smaller portion of a woman s life than at the beginning of the twentieth century. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher successfully extended the social welfare state during her tenure. B. Multiple Choice Select the best answer and write the proper letter in the space provided. 1. At wartime conferences in Tehran and Yalta, the Big Three a. planned their postwar alliance. b. agreed to support the establishment of Israel as a Jewish state. c. made decisions that affected the postwar political organization of Europe. d. agreed to form the United Nations after the war ended. 2. Which of the following statements describes a policy of Stalin after the Second World War? a. He allowed Soviets abroad to remain in political asylum. b. He insisted on political conformity but allowed cultural freedom. c. He relaxed Soviet control of east European states. d. He revived forced-labor camps. 3. During and after the Second World War, American leaders were most concerned that the eastern European countries would a. become American allies. b. be friendly toward Russia. c. have freely elected governments. d. reject German fascism. 4. After the Second World War, Stalin s chief policy goal was a. an extension of civil liberties b. Russian domination of eastern Europe c. his efforts to eliminate anti-semitism in Russia c. relaxing prohibitions against capitalism 5. French economic recovery following the Second World War centered on a. free-market capitalism alone. b. socialism. c. a mixed state and private economy. d. trade unionism.

3 McKay Ch. 30 Homework Packet Page 3 6. Within two years of World War II s end a. West Germany had begun its miraculous recovery. b. a Cold War between communist and capitalist states had begun. c. America had again withdrawn into isolation. d. the Korean War had broke out. 7. In Italy, the leading political party in the immediate postwar elections was the a. Communists b. Catholic Center. c. Socialists. d. Christian Democrats. 8. After the war, the western European governments embraced a. socialist-style five-year planning in their economies. b. self-sufficiency. c. tariffs to protect their fragile industries. d. the Keynesian principle that governments should stimulate their economies. 9. The Frenchman who came to symbolize the resurgence of European nationalism was a. Jean Monnet b. Charles de Gaulle. c. Robert Schuman. d. André Malraux. 10. Under Stalin, top priority in production in the Soviet Union was given to a. consumer goods b. military goods. c. aid for rebuilding East Germany. d. building new housing. 11. Stalin s successor Khrushchev a. denounced Stalinist policies and Stalin himself b. carried on the Stalinist traditions. c. opposed reconciliation with the West. d. placed restrictions on cultural freedom. 12. The country that developed its own nuclear weapons and withdrew its forces from NATO was a. Belgium b. West Germany c. Italy d. France 13. Defeat by communist and nationalist leader Ho Chi Minh in 1954 marked the end of French control of a. Indochina b. Algeria c. South Sudan d. Teheran 14. Following World War II, Europe s colonies a. were granted entry into the Common Market. b. gained independence. c. became more tightly bound to their mother countries, since they were vital markets. d. witnessed a sharp increase in population through emigration from Europe. 15. Khrushchev s de-stalinization led to revolts in a. Italy and Turkey. b. Poland and Hungary. c. Volgograd and Leningrad. d. Yugoslavia.

4 McKay Ch. 30 Homework Packet Page In his post-stalin foreign policy, Khrushchev a. retreated in suspicious isolation. b. allowed liberalization movements in Hungary and Czechoslovakia. c. announced he would counter capitalism with military might. d. argued that peaceful coexistence with capitalist countries was possible. 17. Leonid Brezhnev a. succeeded Khrushchev b. ushered in limited re-stalinization c. avoided direct confrontation with the U.S. d. all of the above. 18. All of the following phrases characterize the views of the French government under Charles de-gaulle EXCEPT a. anti-british. b. anti-american. c. willing to compromise French goals for European security. d. anti-nato and a reluctant participant in the Common Market. 19. Simone de Beauvoir believed a. as an existentialist, in individual accountability. b. as a feminist, that traditional marriage confined and diminished women. c. Both A and B. d. Neither A nor B. 20. Since the Second World War science has been characterized by which one of the following? a. De-emphasis on weapons production b. A dramatic increase in private individual research c. A reliance on government research grants d. The divorce of science from technology 21. In many European countries, by the 1970s, population a. increased slightly but only through immigration. b. increased steadily with economic recovery. c. fell dramatically. d. none of the above. C. Identification Supply the correct identification for each numbered description. 1. The American aid program that led to the establishment of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation. 2. The post-world War II military alliance of the Soviet bloc.

5 McKay Ch. 30 Homework Packet Page 5 _ 3. French president who led a resurgence of traditional nationalism in France from 1958 to _ 4. Country that blocked British entry into the Common Market. 5. Policy of progressive relaxation of Cold War tension during the 1970s. 6. West German leader whose policy of Ostpolitik called for improved relations with eastern Europe. 7. International cartel that sought to raise the price of crude oil in order to punish Western nations that supported Israel. _ 8. Country that was invaded in 1979, thus sparking renewed cold war tensions. _ 9. Two countries that directly benefited from the Truman Doctrine s goal of containing communism. _ 10. Treaty which formally established the European Economic Community, or Common Market. _ 11. North African country that achieved its independence from France in 1962, after a century of French control. _ 12. Loose association including Great Britain and its former colonies. _ 13. Collective security organization of western European nations (and the U.S.) formed in 1949 that sought to protect against Soviet aggression. _ 14. Soviet writer whose novel One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich portrays the horrors of labor camps during Stalin s rule. _ 15. International crisis that contributed to Khrushchev s removal from power in _ 16. Term for the new brand of socialism Czech reforms hoped to bring to that country in _ 17. Soviet proclamation issued in the late 1960s that declared the Soviet Union and its allies had the right to intervene in any socialist country in eastern Europe. _ 18. New late-twentieth-century party in Germany that focused on environmental issues. _ 19. American feminist whose book The Feminine Mystique inspired the women s rights movement in the U.S. and in Europe.

6 McKay Ch. 30 Homework Packet Page 6 _ 20. British prime minister in the late-1970s and 1980s who instituted a number of conservative measures, thus infuriating Labour party leaders. D. Matching People, Places, and Events Match the person, place, or event in the left column with the proper description in the right column by inserting the correct letter on the blank line. 1. NATO A. Soviet territorial gains after World War II were accepted in return for a greater Soviet commitment to human rights 2. Treaty of Rome B. Collective security arrangement among eastern European communist states aimed against the U.S. and its allies 3. Truman Doctrine C. Initial step for the creation of the Common Market taken by six countries who sought to integrate their economies 4. Solidarity D. Postwar organization that sought to create eventually political unity among European nations but was ultimately unsuccessful 5. Marshall Plan E. Policy of improved relations between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during the 1970s 6. Ostpolitik F. Eastern European nation that was led by Josip Broz Tito and successfully remained independent of the U.S.S.R. 7. Yalta Agreement G. WWII conference among the Allies that proclaimed that eastern European countries would have free elections but had to be pro-soviet 8. Yugoslavia H. Policy that prohibited eastern European countries from breaking away from communist or Soviet control 9. Helsinki Conference I. Policy of Nikita Khrushchev to improve relations with the West during the 1950s 10. Warsaw Pact J. Created the European Economic Community, a.k.a. Common Market 11. European Coal and Steel Community K. Policy of containment that sought to prevent the spread of communism beyond where it already existed 12. Peaceful Coexistence L. Liberal reform movement in Poland that was led by Lech Walesa and inspired by Pope John Paul II 13. détente M. Program of massive U.S. aid to countries in Europe to help them recovery economically thus preventing the spread of communism 14. Council of Europe N. Sought the creation of two German states within one German nation 15. Brezhnev Doctrine O. Collective security agreement among democratic countries to protect against Soviet military aggression in western Europe

7 McKay Ch. 30 Homework Packet Page 7 E. Map Mastery Using Map 30.1 in the textbook as a reference answer the following questions: 1) In which country was West Berlin located? 2) Identify the seven non-soviet countries that lay behind the Iron Curtain. 3) From which country did Poland gain territory after World War II? Using Map 30.2 in the textbook as a reference answer the following questions: 4) Which countries remained neutral during the Cold War? 5) Which of the two major Cold War alliances had more members? Using Map 30.3 in the textbook as a reference: 6) From which empire did Nigeria, South Africa and Iraq gain its independence? _ 7) Which two countries gained their independence from Italy after 1950? 8) Which Asian country gained its independence from the Netherlands? 9) Which two empires lost the greatest amount of territory as a result of decolonization?