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1 The African e-journals Project has digitized full text of articles of eleven social science and humanities journals. This item is from the digital archive maintained by Michigan State University Library. Find more at: Available through a partnership with Scroll down to read the article.

2 ,I, I ISSN 1012-lOSq ~. JOURNAL OF SooALDEvEwPMENT INAFRrCA Editorial Morbidity and mortality in Zimbabwe's urban areas: policy implications for social protection Gladys Bindura-Mu/angadura. High fertility and development in Cameroon S/ella Nana-Fabu Audience responses to a film in rural Zimbabwe Kimani Gecau Keeping a foot in the village: Masvingo urban women Vie/or Ngonidzashe Muzvidziwa The impact of socio-economic factors on the performance of community projects in western Kenya Philip K. Rono and Abdillahi A. Aboud Global ization and democracy with reference to eastern and southern Africa Francis K. Makoa Secondary school teachers and the emotional abuse of children: a study of three secondary schools in Gaborone, Botswana Kwaku Osei-Hwedi and Alice Hobona Book Review Volume 16 No

3 JOURNAL OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA School of Social Work P Bag Kopje Harare Zimbabwe The Journal publishes analyses of social development issues as they affect the poor and marginal ized. It deals especially with concerns relevant to sub Saharan Africa and is addressed to development and social workers, planners, policymakers and academics in a variety of fields. Published twice annually, the Journal seeks to enhance understanding of the social development processes that contribute to the planning and implementation of appropriate intervention strategies at different levels. Its goal is to discover how best to target relevant and successful projects to those most in need and how to maximize popular participation, thereby creating egalitarian and productive communities. EDITOR CAROLE PEARCE EDITORIAL BOARD EDWIN KASEKE (CHAIRPERSON), PRINCIPAL, SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK, HARARE. RODRECK MUPEDZISWA, DEPUTY PRINCIPAL, SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK, HARARE. PERPETUA GUMBO, LECTURER, SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK, HARARE. JOSPHAT M MATHE, REDD BARNA, HARARE. EDITORIAL ADVISORS LIONEL LOUW, SENIOR LECTURER, SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK, UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA. JOHN F. JONES, DEAN, GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK, UNIVERSITY OF DENVER, USA. JAMES MIDGLEY, SPECHT PROFESSOR AND DEAN, SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WELFARE, SUBSCRIPTIONS PER ANNUM (2 ISSUES PER UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT BERK- ELEY, USA. YEAR)' Zimbabwe Zimbabwe (students) Developing world Rest of world Z$300 Z$I50 US$35 US$45 KWAKU OSEI-HWEDlE, HEAD, DEPT. OF SOCIAL WORK, UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA, BOTSWANA. PAUL KISHlNDO, SENIOR LECTURER, DEPT. OF SOCIOLOGY, CHANCELLOR COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI, MALAWI. PLEASE fndicate STARTING YEAR FOR NANA ARABA APT, COORDINATOR, SOCIAL SUBSCRIPTIONS. BACK ISSUES AVAILABLE ON WORK PROGRAMME, DEPT. OF SOCIO- REQUEST.AGENTS DISCOUNT 20"10. AIRMAIL LOGY. UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, GHANA. SURCHARGE US S8 PER ANNUM.ADVERTISING GARY CRAIG, PROF. OF SOCIAL JUSTICE, RATES ON REQUEST. EXCHANGE ADVERT- ISING BY ARRANGEMENT. UNIVERSITY OF HULL.

4 NOTES FOR CONTRIBUTORS All postal correspondence should be sent to the Editor, Journal of Social Development in Africa, School of Social Work, P/Bag Kopje Harare Zimbabwe. correspondence should be set to the Editor, JSDA at where It will be speedily dealt with. MANUSCRIPTS CONTRIBUTIONS that further the alms of the journal are welcome. Manuscripts should be submitted if possible by or on a PC disk (in Word or similar) together with a typed copy on single-sided A4 paper,double-spaced with large margins all round. The author's name, affiliation and address (including fax and E- mail. address) should be attached to the article, which should begin with a summary of less than 100 words. Essential footnotes should be typed consecutively at the end of the article. REFERENCES WITHIN THE TEXT: Within the body of the text use the Harvard or author: date style as follows: We find that Makola (1982a:67) argues the view taken by Nkomo (1981). Another study (Makola 1982b:21-26), however... BIBUOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES These follow the body of the text and should be listed alphabetically and chronologically by author and date as follows: For books: Surname, Initial. Date. Title, Place, Publisher. For journals, Author, Initial. Date. Title. Journal name, (or collection or book In which this is a chapter), page numbers. More detailed examples can be posted or ed. on request. Studying the references in this journal may also be of assistance. Authors receive three copies of the relevant issue. The submission of an article to this office Implies that it has not been published already and neither is it being considered for publication elsewhere. Copyright of all contents of the journal is assigned to the School of Social Work, Harare. Penmission to reprint original articles should be sought from the Editor of the journal at the above address.

5 Journal of Social Development Vol 16 No in Africa Contents EDITORIAL 3 ARTICLES Momidity and mortality in Zimbabwe's urban areas: policy implications for social protection Gladys Bindura-Mutangadura 5 High fertility and development in Cameroon Stella Nana-Fabu 25 Audience responses to a film in rural Zimbabwe Kimani Gecau 45 Keeping a foot in the village: Masvingo urban women Victor Ngonidzashe Muzvidziwa 85 The impact of ~ocio-economic factors on the performance of community projects in western Kenya Philip K. Rono and Abdillahi A. Aboud 101 Globalization and democracy with reference to eastern and southern Africa Francis K. Makoa 125 Secondary school teachers and the emotional abuse of children: a study of three secondary schools in Gaborone, Botswana Kwaku Osei-Hwedie and Alice K. Hobona 143 BOOK REVIEWS 165 BOOKS RECEIVED 168

6 SUPPLEMENTARY PUBLICATIONS OF JSDA CO-ral Ageing and the Elderly: Report of an In-Service Training Programme Joe Hampson SJ (ed.) US$4 Z$200 (A5 51pp) Social Development and Rural Fieldwork Joe Hampson SJ & Brigid Willmore (eds.) US$4 Z$200, (A5, 96 pp) Zimbabwe Action Plan on the Elderly School of Social Work US$4 Z$200 (A4 28 pp) Workshop Report: Health Manpower Issues in Relation to Equity in and Access to Health Services in Zimbabwe Brigid Willmore & Nigel Hall (eds.) US$4 Z$200 (A4 22 pp) Social Work Training in Africa: A Fieldwork Manual Nigel Hall. US$16 Z$800 (A5, 156pp) The Social Implications of Structural Adjustment Programmes in Africa Nigel Hall (ed.) US$10 Z$500 (A4 100 pp) Care of the Elderly in Zimbabwe Viola Zimunya & Edwin Kaseke (eds.) US$8 Z$400 (A596pp) Fieldwork Supervision: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Nyanga, Zimbabwe Sept Nigel Hall, Alfred Madaka & Claudia Madzokere (eds.). US$6 Z$300 (A5 57 pp) Uprooted: Refugees and Social Work in Africa 1990 Rodreck Mupedziswa US$20 Z$1000 (A5 220pp) Directory of NGOs Involved with Mozambican Refugees in Zimbabwe and Malawi Research UnitlSATARI US$6 Z$300 (A5 124 pp) Social Development and Urban Poverty Nigel Hall (ed.) US $16 Z$ 800 (A4 153 pp) Fieldwork Training: Proceedings of a Workshop held at Lake View Inn, Kariba 1993, Nigel Hall (00.) US$6 Z$300 (A5 55pp) Fieldwork Training: Proceedings of a Workshop held at Bulawayo Sun Hotel June 1994 Nigel Hall (ed.) US$4 Z$200 (A5 30pp) Rural Social Security Needs: The Case of Zimbabwe Edwin Kaseke. US$16 Z$1200 (A5 98pp) Social Policy and Administration in Zimbabwe Nigel Hall & Rodreck Mupedziswa (eds.) US$24 Z$1200 (A5 212pp) The Case of Social Safety Nets in Zimbabwe Edwin Kaseke; Perpelua Gumbo, Jotham Dhemba, US$16 Z$800 (A5 87pp) The State and Dynamics of Social Policy Practice and Research in Zimbabwe Edwin Kaseke; Jotham Dhemba & Perpetua Gumbo. US$16 Z$80 (A51 05 pp) AIDS in Africa. The Social Work Response Rodreck Mupedziswa. US$24 Z$1200 (A5 220 pp) Research Unit Series Skilled Manpower Needs of NGOs in Zimbabwe 1992 Researched & complied by Perpetua Gumbo & Jolham Dhemba US$6 Z$300 (A4 27pp) Student Health Services at the School of Social Work: A Survey Researched & compiled by Stella Makana & Jotham Dhemba (US$6 Z$$300 ( free 10 students) A5 29pp) AIDS Home Care: A Baseline Survey in Zimbabwe Researched and compiled by Helen Jackson & Kate Mhambi US$8 Z$400 (A4 48pp) Family Coping and AIDS in Zimbabwe A Study 1994 Researched & compiled by Helen Jackson & Diana Civic US$IO Z$500 (A4 72 pp) Services Available to Street Children in Zimbabwe Complied by Ruth Kiire & Christine Marlow US$10 Z$500 (A4 5lpp) The Prevention of Unwanted Adolescent Pregnancies: Attitudes of Black Zimbabweans in Harare Compiled by Ruth Kiire. US$10 Z$500 (A4 28pp) Occasional Paper Series: The Informal Sector and Employment in Zimbabwe Rodreck Mupedziswa. US$10 Z$500 (A4 53pp) A Situation Analysis of the Social Development Fund Edwin Kaseke. US$1 0 Z$500 (A439pp) A Survey of Fieldwork Practice in the United Kingdom and Sri Lanka, with Implications for Social Work Training in Zimbabwe Nigel Hall US$10 Z$500 (A4, 48pp)

7 EDITORIAL THISISSUEINDICATES the preoccupation of many African scholars today with two overriding problems: poverty and the effects of globalization. Remedies proposed will be as multifaceted as the phenomenon itself, since poverty is the result of many overlapping causes. The complexity of the problem requires an immediate attack on all fronts but the sad irony is that each remedy requires quantities of money and vast numbers of effective administrators. These, it appears, are the very resources we most lack. This leads to globalization and the degree to which this contributes to the impoverishment of sub Saharan Africa? Dr Makoa provides an overview of the characteristics of globalization in East and southern Africa. The democratization process in Africa is best understood as a capitulation of economic and thus, political self-determination, in which domestic economies are subordinated to the needs of global capitalism. A third characteristic of African scholarship today is the increasing attention paid to children and women. Stella Nana-Fabu of Cameroon suggests that empowering women by giving them the political, economic and social means to control their own fertility will have immediate positive repercussions on the whole attempt to control poverty. In another study Victor Muzvidziwa describes strategies adopted by poor urban women to maintain their independence in town while securing their future long-term prospects in the village. Dr Muzvidziwa recommends that women be included, in their own right, in any programme involving land distribution and ownership. In a very different vein, Kwaku Osei-Hwedie and Alice Hobona examine the extent to which teachers are aware of the emotional abuse of children by adults. They conclude that while there is some awareness, this needs to be developed. Two articles deal directly with poverty in quite different ways. Gladys Bindura-Mutangadura's study ofthe ways in which poor urban households cope with the death and illness of household members leads her to recommend strategies for strengthening informal support mechanisms already being tapped by these households. She argues that VOL 16 NO 1 JANUARY 2001 JOURNAL OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA 3

8 development must mean more than increasing national income at the macroeconomic level. Instead, an innovative enabling environment should be put in place to help people conduct the informal businesses upon which they depend when struck by household income shock. Resources should be directed to helping the poor succeed in the informal sector and existing voluntary societies could serve as a model for the disbursement of social protection funds. Philip Rono and Abdillahi Aboud analyse the reasons why rural communities do not perform as well as hoped during community development programmes such as building schools and wells. The authors point out that the active attempts to encourage community spirit have been countervailed by individualism. As a result of their survey they show that the socio-economic profiles of the individuals have an effect on their willingness to participation in community programmes, and, in particular, suggest that the religious orientation of participants plays an interesting role. Finally, Dr Gecau provides an account ofaudience responses in rural Zimbabwe to a film intended to encourage the education of girls. A lesson to be drawn from this article, as from others in this issue, is that development agents must take much more seriously the intellectual, cultural and economic resources, the experiences, desires and hopes, that the subjects of development bring with them to the development process. The recipients of the development thrust must be understood and their structures, such as voluntary societies, respected. They must therefore be taken as partners in the process, not tabula rasa on which the development agency can write what they will. As many of this issues contributors say in different ways, African policymakers and other development agents should look to African realities and African resources for the problems that beset us. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The editor thanks thefollowingfor their help as referees and consultantsfor this issue: Mr Chipoyera. Knox Chitiyo Mrs Gumbo. Dr Kadenge. Dr A Kambuzdi. Mrs Kanyowa. Ms Mate. Nhamo Mhiripiri. Titus Maetsabi. Mrs :Yanda and Dr Norman Reynolds. 4 JOURNAL OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA VOL 16 NO 1 JANUARY 2001