Available through a partnership with

Transcription

1 The African e-journals Project has digitized full text of articles of eleven social science and humanities journals. This item is from the digital archive maintained by Michigan State University Library. Find more at: Available through a partnership with Scroll down to read the article.

2 f'i"" ' ISSN I ~ JOURNAL OF SooALDEvEwPMENT INAFroCA Editorial Women, criminality and multi focal empowerment responses: some prospects for Botswana Tirelo Modie-Moroka and Marie-Antoinette Sossou Globalization and competitiveness: implications for poverty reduction in Uganda Augustus Nuwagaba The role of the adult literacy organization of Zimbabwe (ALOZ) in the implementation of literacy programmes in Zimbabwe Aaron T. Sigauke Globalization, Americanization and Western imperialism Kolawole A. Dwolabi The military, ethnicity and democracy in Nigeria Edlyne E. Anugwom The education of girls and women in Uganda Peter R. Atekyereza The debt crisis, the global economy and the challenges of development: sub Saharan Africa at the crossroads John K. Akokpari Book review Cumulative table of contents I Volume 16 No

3 JOURNAL OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA School of Social Work P Bag Kopje Harare Zimbabwe The Journal publishes analyses of social development issues as they affect the poor and marginalized. It deals especially with concerns relevant to sub Saharan Africa and is addressed to development and social workers, planners, policymakers and academics in a variety of fields. Published twice annually, the Journal seeks to enhance understanding of the social development processes that contribute to the planning and implementation of appropriate intervention strategies at different levels. Its goal is to discover how best to target relevant and successful projects to those most in need and how to maximize popular participation, thereby creating egalitarian and productive communities. EDITOR CAROLE PEARCE EDITORIAL BOARD EDWIN KASEKE (CHAIRPERSON), PRINCIPAL, SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK, HARARE. RODRECK MUPEDZISWA, DEPUTY PRINCIPAL, SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK, HARARE. PERPETUA GUMBO, LECTURER, SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK, HARARE. JOSPHAT M MATHE, REDD BARNA, HARARE. EDITORIAL ADVISORS LIONEL LOUW, SENIOR LECTURER, SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK, UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA. JOHN F. JONES, DEAN, GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK, UNIVERSITY OF DENVER, USA. JAMES MIDGLEY, SPECHT PROFESSOR AND DEAN, SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WELFARE, SUBSCRIPTIONS PER ANNUM (2 ISSUES PER UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT BERK- ELEY, USA YEAR)' Zimbabwe Zimbabwe (students) Developing world Rest of world Z$300 Z$150 US$35 US$45 KWAKU OSEI-HWEDIE, HEAD, DEPT. OF SOCIAL WORK, UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA, BOTSWANA. PAUL KISHINOO, SENIOR LECTURER, DEPT. OF SOCIOLOGY, CHANCELLOR COLLEGE, * PLEASE INDICATE STARTING YEAR FOR NANA ARABA APT, COORDINATOR, SOCIAL UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI, MALAWI. SUBSCRIPTIONS. BACK ISSUES AVAILABLE ON REQUEST.AGENTS DISCOUNT 20"1.. AIRMAlL WORK PROGRAMME, DEPT. OF SOCIO- LOGY, UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, GHANA. SURCHARGE US $8 PER ANNUM.ADVERTISING GARY CRAIG, PROF. OF SOCIAL JUSTICE, RATES ON REQUEST. EXCHANGE ADVERT- ISING BY ARRANGEMENT. UNIVERSITY OF HULL.

4 NOTES FOR CONTRIBUTORS All postal correspondence should be sent to the Editor, Journal of Social Development in Africa, School of Social Work, P/Bag Kopje Harare Zimbabwe. correspondence should be set to the Editor, JSDA at where it will be speedily dealt with. MANUSCRIPTS CONTRIBUTIONS that further the aims of the journal are welcome. Manuscripts should be submitted if possible by or on a PC disk (in Word or similar) together with a typed copy on single-sided A4 paper,double-spaced with large margins all round. The author's name, affiliation and address (including fax and E- mail address) should be attached to the article, which should begin with a summary of less than 100 words. Essential footnotes should be typed consecutively at the end of the article. ReFERENCES WITHIN THE TEXT: Within the body of the text use the Harvard or author: date style as follows: We find that Makola (1982a:67) argues the view taken by Nkomo (1981). Another study (Makola 1982b:21-26), however n. BIBllOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES These follow the body of the text and should be listed alphabetically and chronologically by author and date as follows: Forbooks: Surname, Initial. Date. Title, Place, Publisher. For journals, Author, Initial. Date. Title. Journal name, (or collection or book in which this is a chapter), page numbers. More detailed examples can be posted or ed. on request. Studying the references in this journal may also be of assistance. Authors receive three copies of the relevant issue. The submission of an article to this office implies that it has not been published already and neither is it being considered for publication elsewhere. Copyright of all contents of the journal is assigned to the School of Social Work, Harare. Permission to reprint original articles should be sought from the Editor of the journal at the above address.

5 Journal of Social Development Vol 16 No in Africa Contents EDITORIAL 3 ARTICLES Women, criminality and multifocal empowerment responses: some prospects for Botswana Tirelo Modie-Moroka and Marie-Antoinette Sossou 5 Globalization and competitiveness: implications for poverty reduction in Uganda Augustus Nuwagaba 31 The role of the adult literacy organization of Zimbabwe (ALOZ) in the implementation of literacy programmes in Zimbabwe Aaron T. Sigauke 53 Globalization, Americanization and Western imperialism Kolawole A. Owolabi 71 The military, ethnicity and democracy in Nigeria Edlyne E. Anugwom 93 The education of girls and women in Uganda Peter R. Atekyereza 115 The debt crisis, the global economy and the challenges of development: sub Saharan Africa at the crossroads John K. Akokpari 147 BooK REVIEW 171 CUMULATIVE INDEX BooKS RECEIVED 178

6 SUPPLEMENTARY PUBLICATIONS OF JSDA General Ageing and the Elderly: Report of an In-Service Training Programme Joe Hampson SJ (ed.) US$4 Z$200 (A5 51 pp) Social Development and Rural Fieldwork Joe Hampson SJ & Brigid Willmore (eds.) US$4 Z$2OO, (A5, 96 pp) Zimbabwe Action Plan on the Elderly School of Social Work US$4 Z$200 (M 28 pp) Workshop Report: Health Manpower Issues in Relation to Equity in and Access to Health Services in Zimbabwe Brigid Willmore & Nigel Hall (eds.) US$4 Z$200 (A4 22 pp) Social Work Training in Africa: A Fieldwork Manual Nigel Hall. US$16 Z$800 (A5, 156pp) The Social Implications of Structural Adjustment Programmes in Africa Nigel Hall (ed.) US$10 Z$500 (A4 100 pp) Care of the Elderly in Zimbabwe Viola Zimunya & Edwin Kaseke (eds.) US$8 Z$400 (A596pp) Fieldwork Supervision: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Nyanga, Zimbabwe Sept Nigel Hall, Alfred Madaka & Claudia Madzokere (eds.). US$6 Z$300 (A5 57 pp) Uprooted: Refugees and Social Work in Africa 1990 Rodreck Mupedziswa US$20 Z$1 000 (A5 220pp) Directory of NGOs Involved with Mozambican Refugees in Zimbabwe and Malawi Research UnitiSATARI US$6 Z$300 (A5 124 pp) Social Development and Urban Poverly Nigel Hall (ed.) US $16 Z$ 800 (A4 153 pp) Fieldwork Training: Proceedings of a Workshop held at Lake View Inn, Kariba 1993, Nigel Hall (ed.) US$6 Z$300 (A5 55pp) Fieldwork Training: Proceedings of a Workshop held at Bulawayo Sun Hotel June 1994 Nigel Hall (ed.) US$4 Z$200 (A530pp) Rural Social Security Needs: The Case of Zimbabwe Edwin Kaseke. US$16 Z$1200 (A5 98pp) Social Policy and Administration in Zimbabwe Nigel Hall & Rodreck Mupedziswa (eds.) US$24 Z$1200 (A5212pp) The Case of Social Safety Nets in Zimbabwe Edwin Kaseke; Perpetua Gumbo, Jotham Dhemba, US$16 Z$800 (A5 87pp) The State and Dynamics of Social Policy Practice and Research in Zimbabwe Edwin Kaseke; Jotham Dhemba & Perpetua Gumbo. US$16 Z$80 (A51 05 pp) AIDS in Africa. The Social Work Response Rodreck Mupedziswa. US$24 Z$1200 (A5 220 pp) R_arch Unit Series Skilled Manpower Needs of NGOs in Zimbabwe 1992 Researched & complied by Perpetua Gumbo & Jotham Dhemba US$6 Z$300 (M 27pp) Student Health Services at the School of Social Work: A Survey Researched & compiled by Stella Makana & Jotham Dhemba (US$6 Z$$300 ( free to students) A5 29pp) AIDS Home Care: A Baseline Survey in Zimbabwe Researched and compiled by Helen Jackson & Kate Mhambi US$8 Z$400 (M 48pp) Family Coping and AIDS in Zimbabwe A Study 1994 Researched & compiled by Helen Jackson & Diana Civic US$IO Z$500 (M 72 pp) Services Available to Street Children in Zimbabwe Complied by Ruth Kiire & Christine Marlow US$10 Z$500 (M 5lpp) The Prevention of Unwanted Adolescent Pregnancies: Attitudes of Black Zimbabweans in Harare Compiled by Ruth Kiire. US$10 Z$500 (A4 28pp) Occasional Paper Series: The Informal Sector and Employment in Zimbabwe Rodreck Mupedziswa. US$10 Z$500 (A4 53pp) A Situation A~alysis of the Social Development Fund Edwin Kaseke. US$10 Z$500 (A4 39pp) A Survey of Fieldwork Practice in the United Kingdom and Sri Lanka, with Implications for Social Work Training in Zimbabwe Nigel Hall US$10 Z$500 (A4, 48pp) 2 JOURNAL OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA VOL 16 NO 2 JULY 2001

7 EDITORIAL THISISSUECONTAINS three articles dealing with globalization. Augustus Nuwagaba offers a detailed account of the consequences of globalization in Uganda, particularly in relation to poverty. He shows how there cannot be equality of trade between unequal partners, one poor and weak, the other rich and powerful. Globalization, he believes, is an unstoppable force but governments can put in place mechanisms to soften some of the worst effects of this process. John Akokpari shows that the biggest problem facing Africa is indebtedness to international money-lending institutions. The debt crisis is the result factors that are both internal and external to African countries. Sceptical of the good faith underlying the various external initiatives to provide debt relief to poor countries, he believes nevertheless, that African governments have to play their part in poverty alleviation. Kolawole Owolabi examines the conceptual foundations of liberalism, which is, he says, the political philosophy underpinning globalization. Liberalism consists of a set of misleading ideas. These are on the face of it so attractive, both as moral philosophy and as practical prescription, that countries all over the world have seduced by them. Yet the attractiveness ofliberalism is misleading. It conceals the will to world-domination by western powers. The fault lies in the naked egoism embedded in liberalism which has led to the catastrophic consequences of globalization for the developing world. Owolabi believes that liberalism can be reformed if this egotism is replaced with a form of communitarianism based on a recognition of the common good. It is only when virtue replaces self-interest that liberalism will become what it seems. Edlyne Anugwom continues with his exploration of the military in Nigeria, arguing that ethnicity and the power of the military has threatened nascent democracy and civilian rule. Institutionalized structures in Nigeria reinforce ethnic divisions within the army and civil society, thus enabling the army to play on those very same ethnic

8 divisions to keep in power. Mechanisms must be adopted to reduce the emphasis on ethnicity and the power of the military. Two articles deal with education. One by Aaron Sigauke describes the work of the Adult Literacy organization of Zimbabwe and the successes and obstacles towards increasing adult literacy. The other, by Peter Ateykereza, analyses the multiple sociocultural obstacles to the education of girls and women in Uganda. A combination of traditional cultural practices and the exigencies of contemporary life militate against the education of women. Tirelo Modie-Moroka and Marie-Antoinette Sossou present an article on the treatment of women prisoners in Botswana. They describe some of the psychological, physical and economic hardships women suffer both inside and outside prison. The situation of poor women, they argue, is compounded by their traditionally low status in the patriarchy combined with their economic circumstances in the modem world and a failure to recognize the specific problems they face as women. The authors offer a wealth of ways in which women could be rehabilitated while in prison, on order to resume a law-abiding life on release. This sensitive critique of patriarchal thinking and practice may prove a keystone for further reflection on the many ways in which African women suffer discrimination, and the social ills that this breeds, not just among women and their children, but among men as well. Improving the situation of women is not merely a moral aim but one of the few that may improve the well-being of African societies as a whole. The editor would like to point out that this issue includes a table of contents of all articles published in this Journal the last two years. A cumulative table of contents for the whole 16 years of publication is available. 4 JOURNAL OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA VOL 16 NO 2 JULY 2001