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1 The African e-journals Project has digitized full text of articles of eleven social science and humanities journals. This item is from the digital archive maintained by Michigan State University Library. Find more at: Available through a partnership with Scroll down to read the article.

2 Volume 13 No I ISSN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA ~ial Issue: Social p~ Editorial The Dynamics of Social Policy Practice in Eastern and Southern Africa K O.l'ei-llwedie The State and Dynamics of Social Policy Practice and Research in Zimbabwe Kaseke; P Gumbo; J Dhemba; C Kasere Social Policy and Research Environment in Zambia G PC Masiye; R Tembo; B Chisanga; A Mwanza Social Policy and Research Practice in Tanzania A Mchomvu, T Ngalula, G Nchahaga. F TUI.;;araza; S Maghimbi The Practice of Social Policy in Botswana L-K Mwansa, T Lucas, K Osei-llwedie The Dynamics of Social Policy in Uganda II Manyire & N Asing wire Books Received

3 I~ JOURNAL OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA School of Social Work, P/Bag Kopje, Harare, Zimbabwe The Journal publishes critical analyses of social development issues as they affect th~ poor and marginalised in society. It deals with concerns, especially, but not exclusively, relevant to southern Africa, and is addressed to development practitioners, social workers, planners, policy makers and academics in a variety of fields such as economics, ~~g~aphy, politics, sociology, psychology, social administration, and to other concerned mdlvlduals. Published twice annually, the Journal seeks to enhance understanding of the ~ial development processes that contribute to the planning and implementation of appropnate intervention strategies at different levels. Its goal is to discover how be1)tto target relevant and successful projects to those most in need, and how to maximise popular participation. thereby creating egalitarian and produ,ctive communities. Editor Mr Nigel Hall Editorial Board Dr Edwin Kaseke (Chairperson), Principal, School of Social Work, Harare. Mr ROdreck Mupedziswa, Deputy Principal, School of Social Work, Harare. Mrs Perpetua Gumbo, Lecturer, School of Social Work, Harare. Mr Josphat M Mathe, Redd Barna, Harare. Editorial Advisors Dr Lionel Louw, Senior Lecturer, School of Social Work, University of Cape Town, South Africa. Prof John F Jones, Dean, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, USA. Prof James Midgley, Specht Professor and Dean, School of Social Welfare, University of California at Berkeley, USA. Prof Kwaku Osei- Hwedie, Head, Dept. of Social Work, University of Botswana, Botswana. Dr Paul Kishindo, Senior Lecturer, Dept. of Sociology, Chancellor College, University of Malawi, Malawi. Dr Nana Araba Apt, Coordinator, Social Work Programme, Dept. of Sociology, University of Ghana, Ghana. Prof Gary Craig, University of H,umberside, UK, & Editor, Community Development Journal. Subscriptions per annum* Developing World US$30 Zimbabwe Z$40 (2 issues per year) Rest of World US$40 * Please indicate starting issue or year for subscriptions. Back issues available on request. Agents discount 20%. Airmail surchage US$8 per annum. Advertising rates on request, exchange advertising by arrangement. This issue has been produced with the aid of a grant from the International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada.

4 Journal of Social Development in Africa Vol 13 No Editorial 3 Articles The Dynamics of Social Policy Practice in Eastern and Southern Africa Kwaku Osei-l/wedie The State and Dynamics of Social Policy Practice and Research in Zimbabwe Edwin Kaseke; Perpetua Gumbo; Jotham Dhemba; C Kasere Social Policy and Research Environment in Zambia Gilbert PC Masiye; Robert Tembo; Benson Chisanga; Allast Mwanza Social Policy and Research Practice in Tanzania Andrew S T Mchomvu; Theresia F K Nga/u/a; George S Nchahaga; Fe/ician S K Tungaraza; Sam Maghimbi The Practice of Social Policy in Botswana Lengwe-Katembu/a Mwansa; Ta% Lucas; Kwaku Osei-J/wedie The Dynamics of Social Policy Practice and Research in Uganda Henry Manyire & Narathius Asingwire 75 List of Books Received 85 Abstracting Services & Index 87

5 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ISSUES Published Since 1977 This journal is published at The University of Iowa School of Social Work under the auspices of the Inter-University Consortium for International Social Development in cooperation with the Southern Illinois University-Carbondale School of Social Work. IUCISD President: IUCISD Secretary General: SDI Editor: Marketing Director: Managing Editor: Production Manager: James Billups, Ohio State University Peter C. Y. Lee, San Jose State University Martin Tracy, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale Thomas H. Walz, The University of Iowa Terry L. Brown, BrownSquare Productions Margaret Nelson, The University of Iowa SDI - IUCISD Subscription & Membership Rates The yearly subscription fee for the journal Social Development Issues includes an annual membership in the Inter-University Consortium for International Social Development, and the IUCISD newsletter. The joint subscription/membership fee schedule appears below: US$ 30 - individuals US$ 10 - individuals from nonindustrialized countnes US$ 15 - students US$ 45 - libraries US$ institutional membership in industrially-developed countries To order single copies (US$9 to individuals and US$6 to bookstores), send request with check (made payable to The University of Iowa) to: Publications Order Department, The University of Iowa, 2222 Old Highway 218 S., Iowa City IA To subscribe to the journal and join the consortium, send fee (make check payable to Inter- University Consortium for International Social Development-IUCISD) and form below (please print) to: Dr. Mary Ellen Kondrat Associate Secretary General-Membership, The Ohio State University College of Social Work 1947 College Road Columbus OH (614) FAX: (614) IUCISD Name Date _ Address _ City State ZIP _ Country _ Telephone _

6 Journal of Social Development in Africa (1998), 13,2,3-4 Editorial The first years of independence in Eastern and Southern Africa constituted a period of marked improvement in living standards in much of the region. Social policies focused on redressing past imbalances in the provision of social services, with primary education and health facilities expanding dramatically and social indicators improving in some sectors. However in the 1970s, triggered by national policies as well as external factors, economic conditions declined. In the and early 19905, with the intervention of international financial institutions and the adoption of structural adjustment programmes and market-driven development strategies, the state began to withdraw from social and economic arenas. Economic adjustment has had far-reaching implications for social policy, in that it institutionalised a predominant concern with economic performance and efficiency. The consequence of this is that social policies have tended to be remedial, fragmented and driven by economic imperatives. During the later 1990s, with an emphasis on cutbacks, cost-sharing and withdrawal of the state, a number of countries in the region have been introducing a range of social policy changes. In addition to measures which have included de.centralisation of various services, retrenchment of state employees and reductions in social expenditures, most countries have also implemented measures to address the problem of persistent poverty, or deal with the social consequences of adjustment programmes. Many of these programmes rely heavily on non-governmental organisations (NGOs) for programme and service delivery and many have been implemented on the advice of and with the support of bilateral and multilateral agencies. These social policy changes have become a very topical issue in Eastern and Southern Africa, largely as a result of the large-scale economic reforms taking place in the region. However, despite its topicality, social policy is still conceptualised in inappropriate ways. Historically, social policy has largely been treated as the poor cousin of economic policy, as development was conceptualised in purely economic terms. Consequently, social policy has traditionally been marginalised and has tended to be sectoral. The focus on economic development has not by itself brought about qualitative improvements in human welfare. Instead, standards of living for the majority, particularly in the African context, continue to deteriorate. There is, however, growing realisation that social and economic factors reinforce each other and are of mutual concern in promoting genuine development. This special issue is one outcome of a regional study into the state of social policy practice and research in the Eastern and Southern Africa region, funded by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) of Ottawa, Canada. This study into social policy practice and research has been investigating the responsiveness of various countries in the region to the needs of the local populations in

7 4 Editorial each country. More specifically, the study seeks to achieve the following objectives: (1) to gain an improved understanding of the conceptualisation, organisation, scope and practice of social policy in the region; (2) to determine the priorities for social policy research based on an analysis of the state and dynamics of social policy practice in the region; (3) to promote information exchange and collaboration among the different countries as the basis for setting up a social policy research network in the region; and (4) to enhance social policy as a tool complementary to economic policy for the empowerment of local communities as the basis for sustainable humancentred development. Initially Professor Osei-Hwedie offers an overview of the topic of social policy, which provides the context for country-specific papers. He points out that a number of factors have influenced the development of social policy in Eastern and Southern Africa, which include a combination of ideology, resource availability, politics and culture. He examines the social policy formulation process in the region, pointing out that many governments were caught unprepared by the traumatic experience of structural adjustment. He indicates that there are some critical areas which need immediate attention, such as an urgent necessity to review the process and mechanisms of cost-sharing - and suggests that measures are required that will enable governments, NGOs, the private sector, communities and bilateral and multilateral agencies to work together as parmers in the social policy and development arena. Further contributions examine the state and dynamics of social policy practice and research in the region. Kascke, Gumbo, Dhemba and Kasere provide an insight into the situation in Zimbabwe; Masiye, Tembo, Chisanga and Mwansa look at Zambia; Mchomvu, Ngalula, Nchahaga, Tungaraza and Maghimbi examine Tanzania; Mwansa, Lucas and Osei-Hwedie provide an overview of social policy in Botswana and Manyire and Asingwire select Uganda. It is hoped that a better understanding of the economic reforms and their social consequences will contribute to a deeper appreciation of the need for informed social policy within the Eastern and Southern Africa region - and that this will assist researchers and policy makers in designing more appropriate and beneficial policies to address poverty and to accommodate the needs of the population generally. and those vulnerable groups most affected.