Social Studies World Geography Unit 08: North Africa and Southwest Asia

Transcription

1 Social Studies World Geography Unit 08: North Africa and Southwest Asia

2 1 Which geographic factor has been most influential in the pattern of human settlement in the Middle East and North Africa? A fertile soil B cool climate C water resources D mineral resources 2 Water resources in the country of Iraq have been directly affected by the building of a network of dams and irrigation ditches on the Tigris Euphrates rivers. Which country on its northern border is responsible for this? F Jordan G Israel H Turkey J Russia 3 The Middle East and North Africa are examples of what type of regions? A formal B functional C perceptual D physical 4 All of the following are factors that have caused large scale human migration in this region EXCEPT 5 In the past thirty years the population of Northern Africa has shifted away from areas in the South to the coastal Mediterranean area. What is the primary geographic reason for this? A lack of jobs in the South B access to more resources in the coastal area C mountainous terrain in the South makes farming difficult D the expansion of the Sahara Desert 6 The dominant religion in countries of the Middle East and Northern Africa is Islam. The countries primarily speak Arabic or dialects of Arabic. Some have better access to trade than others. Some are oilrich nations, but not others. Which of the following assertions can be made based on this information? F The Middle East and Northern Africa can be considered a single region due to their common religion and language. G The Middle East and Northern Africa must be considered separate regions because they are located on separate continents. H The Middle East and Northern Africa can be considered together as a region due to the variety of political systems in the area. J of these is true. F G drought disease and famine H lack of technology J political instability Page 2

3 Use the passage and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question. New Nationalism The new nationalism in North Africa and Southwest Asia is partly inspired by the desire for more democracy in the region. As people from the region visit democratic countries and international media shares more of the world around them, the influence of democratic institutions and beliefs has spread throughout the region. Although Western nations might applaud the most recent movements toward democracy in the region, there has been an increase in conflict in many of these nations as the ideas of the established governments confront those of democratic change. In addition, the support of North American and some European governments for these movements has caused conflict between these nations and many governments of the region. 7 Which is an accurate statement about the effect of European and North American support for democratic movements in North Africa and Southwest Asia? A There has been a strengthening of ties between Western nations and those of North Africa and Southwest Asia. B There has been a spread of democratic movements and conflict within the nations of this region and between these nations and the West. C There has been an overthrow of most of the non democratic governments in North Africa and Southwest Asia. D There is greater support in the region for the help and influence of European and North American nations. 8 Why would the U.S. government consider the democratic movements taking place in North Africa and Southwest Asia as a positive change, even if they cause revolution or war? F G It considers democracy better for the people of the region than most of the current forms of government there. It considers the Arabic way of life too difficult for the people who live in North Africa and Southwest Asia. H It does not believe Islam and democracy can co exist and encourages the movements as a way of removing Islam from the region. J It is better that the countries of this region fight among themselves, if they promote terrorism in the United States. Page 3

4 Use the passage and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question. Nationalism in Egypt Popular uprisings in this part of the world tend to live and die by the support of the rural class. The power they command as the under appreciated providers of food and traditional customs becomes much greater during periods of national unrest and trouble. How the rural class looks at the movement can either help or hurt its ability to be successful. Ultimately, the 2011 Egyptian revolution is a form of nationalism. It is an attempt by a large portion of the population to restore Egypt as a proud, secular (non religious) state with open democratic systems. Linking that democratic sentiment to the themes of bread and land is very potent. Source: Opinions by Mikhail Zinshteyn, Which conclusion best summarizes the ideas in the passage? A You can use nationalism to get farmers to help to overthrow the government. B Egypt can be a great country again if the rural class of people join in the revolutionary movement. C Changes can be made in government if people join together to support the rural class of farmers. D Public policies and decision making can be influenced by cultural beliefs, such as nationalism and patriotism. 10 What is the most accurate explanation for how changes in North African and Southwest Asian societies have led to changes in land use? F The move to industrialization has depleted the resources of many of these countries. G The increase in nomadic groups has brought the end to oasis waters and date palms. H Population growth and overuse of land and water resources have led to more urban growth. J The desert climates of many of these countries have caused the populations to migrate. 11 All of the following are responsible for the location of cities in the Middle East and North Africa EXCEPT A water sources B climatic conditions C cultural diversity D transportation routes 12 Which modern technology allows populations like Israel's to survive extreme droughts and lack of fresh drinking water? F electricity G levees H canals J desalination Page 4

5 Use the passage and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question. System of Government in Syria 2011 Syria is a democracy. At the national level, the Syrian political body is represented by the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The president is the head of state and is directly elected every seven years. The president serves as the commander in chief of the armed forces and the secretary general of the Ba'ath Socialist Party. President Bashar al Assad is currently serving his second seven year term as president. The council of ministers serves the president and consists of Ba'ath and other party members. The legislative body is the Majlis al Shaab (People s Assembly), a 250 member body that is directly elected by the people to a four year term. The People s Assembly represents various political parties. A coalition of parties forms the majority called the National Progressive Front (NPF), which is dominated by the members of the Ba'ath Party. President Assad's election in the summer of 2000 saw the birth of the Damascus Spring and hopes of reform. The period was characterized by the emergence of numerous political forums or salons where groups of like minded people met in private houses to debate political and social issues. Since largely peaceful protests in Syria began in March 2011, the Syrian security forces, under the command of President Assad, have been engaged in a relentless crackdown. According to the United Nations, thousands of people, mostly civilians, have died, while tens of thousands more have been arrested and detained or have disappeared. Source: syria.com/government.htm and 13 How is the current democracy in Syria different from most other democratic governments? A Its president can serve as long as he wants. B Its legislature is not elected by the people. C It encourages political reforms and debates. D It uses military force to control opposition to its policies. 14 Which of the following statements would likely be a point of view of the Syrian president? F G The people have the right to ask for reforms and protest against the government to get what they want. The government must make decisions for the good of all of the people and not just a few protesters. H The government has the right to protect itself against citizens who want to overthrow it. J It is the job of the president to protect the people and the country from foreign influence. Page 5

6 Use the satellite image and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question. 15 What trade route is shown in the image and why is it important? A Panama Canal... connects the Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean B Suez Canal... connects the Mediterranean and Red seas C Strait of Hormuz... connects the Mediterranean Sea and Persian Gulf D Isthmus of Oman... connects Indian Ocean with the Persian Gulf 16 Which Middle Eastern nation has developed ethnic diversity due to widespread immigration from around the world? F Israel G Jordan H Syria J Arab Emirates 17 Why do some conservative religious groups in the Middle East oppose Western styles of dress and music into their countries? A They believe that it will hurt their businesses. B They believe it might prevent democratic reforms. C They are trying to protect their cultural values. D They are trying to prevent other religions from gaining influence. Page 6

7 18 Use the passage and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question. Oil as a Strategy Nations of Southwest Asia have learned that controlling oil production can be used as a strategy to control pricing. In 1973, an oil embargo by Arab nations demonstrated a new way to influence European and American policy. Oil prices went from $3 a barrel in 1972 to $12 a barrel in In the United States, the era of cheap gas came to an end. Americans began researching ways to produce energy more efficiently, conserve oil, and find alternative fuels. They also increased exploration for new oil deposits. U.S. and European policies toward many oil rich countries became more friendly. Among many oil rich nations themselves, there is a large gap between rich and poor. Uneven distribution of petroleum deposits has created differences of wealth and power in the Middle East. Gulf countries with relatively small populations have the most oil. When workers from countries with large, poor populations such as Egypt come to the Gulf region to work, they are often treated as second class citizens. How have policies related to oil production affected the development, use, and scarcity of this natural resource? F G The oil rich nations have become corrupt in their dealings with less oil rich countries and have tried to overthrow their governments. Oil rich countries produce more or less of the product to control pricing, which influences other nations' politics. H The over production of oil by many Middle Eastern nations has increased the price of oil for the United States and Europe. J Oil rich nations use oil production to keep the United States and Europe from complaining about how they treat their workers. 19 Use the excerpt and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question. Characteristics of? There is a belief that there is only one God. God revealed himself to the people at Mount Sinai. God's will for humankind was stated in his commandments. There is a covenant, or agreement, between God and his people. The people would acknowledge God, agreeing to obey his laws. The Messiah is yet to come. The Sabbath is spent in prayer, study, rest, and family feasting. Which religion BEST completes the title? A Christianity B Judaism C Zoroastrianism D Islam Page 7

8 Use the map, passage and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following threee questions. Tuareg Cultures The Tuareg people are mostly nomads. For over two thousand years, the Tuareg operated the Trans Saharan caravan trade connecting the great cities on the southern edge of the Sahara through five desert trade routes to the Mediterranean coast of Africa. The Tuareg adopted camel nomadism (nomadic way of life), along with its distinctive form of social organization, from camelherding Arabs about two thousand years ago. This is about the time when the camel was introduced to the Sahara from Arabia. When many African countries achieved independence in the 1960s, the traditional Tuareg territory was divided among a number of nations, including Niger, Mali, Algeria, Morocco, Libya, and Burkina Faso. Competition for resources such as water and arable land in the Sahel has since led to conflicts between the Tuareg and other African groups. The nomadic way of life is getting harder to keep because of high population growth. In recent years this has become more difficult because of climate changes that have led to desertification. Desertification is made worse by human activity. The increase of herding has led to the loss of grasslands, while the increased need for firewood for growing cities has led to deforestation. Therefore, some Tuareg are experimenting with farming, while others have been forced to abandon herding and seek jobs in towns and cities. Page 8

9 20 Using the map and passage, identify the push factors that have been most responsible for some Tuareg moving to cities for jobs? F defeat by the French and multiculturalism G forming of new nations and camel nomadism H expansion of the desert and defeat by the French J population growth and overuse of resources 21 Ongoing conflict between the Tuareg and the nations in which they live is caused primarily by A the fight over who will control the trade routes in this area B the lack of sustainable development and non renewable resources C the nations of this region desire to control Tuareg territory D the movement of many Tuareg into the cities of the region 22 You can infer that the Tuareg have the least amount of political power in which two countries? 23 Arabic culture can BEST be described as including A Islamic language, religious fundamentalism, responsibility to the family, loyalty to the government, music characterized by an emphasis on harmony, and foods emphasizing the use of rice and beef and heavy spices B Semitic language, Islamic fundamentalism, responsibility to the government, loyalty to family, music characterized by an emphasis on harmony, and foods emphasizing the use of wheat and lamb and heavy spices C Arabic language, Islamic concepts, responsibility to the poor, loyalty to family, music characterized by an emphasis on melody and rhythm, and foods emphasizing the use of rice and wheat bulgar and heavy spices D Arabic language, trips to Mecca, responsibility to the religious leaders, loyalty to the clan, music characterized by an emphasis on melody and harmony, and foods emphasizing the use of vegetables and bread F G Algeria and Niger Mali and Burkina Faso H Libya and Mali J Burkina Faso and Libya Page 9

10 24 Some people who live in North Africa and Southwest Asia believe that the values of Western nations are damaging to their culture because F Western culture is focused on American ideas and they do not like Americans G Arabic culture does not include influence from other cultures H they want everyone in the region to be the same and have the same opportunities J some Western cultural values are in conflict with traditional values in the region 25 Afghanistan has had a history of conflicts and wars since the 1970s. These conflicts have brought people from other Middle Eastern countries along with the British, Russians, Americans, and others to Afghanistan. A likely effect of this has been A the change of the national language of Afghanistan to English B stability in the economic system of Afghanistan C an increase in migration pull factors to Afghanistan D the diffusion of ideas from these cultures to Afghanistan 26 Why do women in many Southwest Asian countries have fewer political and social rights than men? F The governments believe women should have no rights. G The societies are trying to protect women from negative influences in the world. H These countries believe that women are less intelligent than men. J Religious and cultural beliefs are a part of the law in these countries. 27 Which is the sacred text of Islam? A Bible B Torah C Qur'an D Rig Veda 28 All of the following are difficulties with setting the boundary between Israel and Palestine EXCEPT F elevation of the land G location of aquifers H control of Jerusalem J presence of Jewish settlements 29 Which of the following is responsible for MOST of Egypt's population living in 3% of the land area? A Red Sea B Sahara Desert C Mediterranean Sea D oases Page 10

11 Use the maps and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following questions. Page 11

12 30 In which area would farming be MOST productive? F G Eastern Mediterranean on the coast of the Red Sea H on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean J Western Mediterranean 31 Where would MOST of the population of North Africa probably live? A along the Red Sea B along the Mediterranean Sea C in the center of North Africa D along the Atlantic coast 32 Most of the population in the arid and semi arid areas is likely involved in which kind of economic activity? F G nomadic agricultural H services J industrial Page 12 STOP

13 Test Key Social Studies World Geography Unit 08: North Africa and Southwest Asia ## Item # Correct Answer Primary SE Secondary SE Obj/Cat 1 SWG D C WGS.1(A) 2 SWG D H WGS.14(C) 3 SWG D C WGS.9(B) 4 SWG D H WGS.7(B) 5 SWG20779CS D WGS.2(A) 6 S0WG016381CS F WGS.9(A) WGS.22(B) 7 SWG020770CS B WGS.18(D) WGS.22(B) 8 SWG020772CS F WGS.18(B) WGS.22(B) 9 SWG020667CS D WGS.15(B) WGS.22(B) 10 S0WG019673cs H WGS.2(B) 11 SWG D C WGS.6(B) 12 SWG D J WGS.19(B) Geography 4 13 SWG020530CS D WGS.14(B) WGS.21(A) 14 SWG020666CS H WGS.15(A) WGS.22(B) 15 S0WG019713cs B WGS.14(C) WGS.21(A) 16 SWG D F WGS.18(A) 17 SWG D C WGS.18(C) 18 S0WG019693cs G WGS.12(B) WGS.22(B) Geography 4 19 SWG020793CS B WGS.17(B) WGS.22(B) 20 S0WG019675cs J WGS.7(B) WGS.21(A) 21 SWG020520CS B WGS.8(C) WGS.21(A)

14 22 SWG020521CS J WGS.13(B) WGS.21(C) 23 SWG020524CS C WGS.17(A) 24 SWG020786CS J WGS.16(C) 25 SWG D D WGS.18(A) 26 SWG020523CS J WGS.17(C) 27 SWG D C WGS.17(B) 28 SWG D F WGS.14(A) 29 SWG D B WGS.6(A) 30 SWG D J WGS.6(A) WGS.21(C) 31 SWG D B WGS.6(A) WGS.21(C) 32 SWG D F WGS.7(B) WGS.21(C)