FRQs Unit Question 1: Redistricting and Gerrymandering Question 2: Legacy of Colonialism

Transcription

1 Question 1: Redistricting and Gerrymandering FRQs Unit Question 2: Legacy of Colonialism Question 1: Border Walls and Barriers Question 2: National Identity

2 Question 1: Supranationalism and Devolution

3 Question 3: Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces Question 1: Nations, States, and Nation-States

4 Review Questions 1. Explain political geography 2. Define supranationalism and give an economic and military example 3. Identify the five changes that are a result of supranationalism 4. Identify the classification of the hierarchy of political geography 5. Define territoriality and give an example of the 3 kinds 6. Identify and explain two things governments need to control territory 7. Define a state 8. Identify 4 different types of states the world has historically seen and give an example of where they may have been located 9. Explain the significance of the Westphalian State System 10. Define a nation and identify 5 examples 11. Define a multi-national state and identify 2 examples 12. Define a nation-state and give 2 examples 13. Define a stateless nation and give two examples 14. Define a buffer zone and identify 2 examples 15. Contrast centripetal and centrifugal forces 16. Identify and explain 4 centripetal forces 17. Identify and explain 4 centrifugal forces 18. Define Balkanization 19. Define devolution 20. Explain the cold war 21. Explain the legacy of the cold war 22. Define colonialism 23. Identify three main reasons for European colonization 24. Explain the Age of Discovery 25. Explain imperialism 26. Explain the New Imperialism movement 27. Explain the Scramble for Africa 28. Define superimposed border and explain some of the unintended consequences of them 29. Explain dependency theory 30. Define dependencies and Identify Define borders 32. Define a microstate and identify an example 33. Identify and describe the 5 different border shapes 34. Give an example of a country for each type of border shape 35. Explain what it means to be landlocked as well as any economic implications 36. Define boundaries 37. Define delimitation 38. Define demarcation and give 3 examples 39. Identify the 4 different types of boundaries 40. Identify and explain the 5 types of boundary disputes 41. Explain geopolitics and identify three things that have greatly influenced the geopolitics of the world 42. Define political ecology 43. Explain the World Systems Theory 44. Define Core, Periphery, and Semi-Periphery 45. Identify what is considered the World s core 46. Explain Ratzel s Organic theory 47. Explain Mackinder s Heartland theory 48. Explain Spykman s rimland theory 49. Explain Internal governance 50. Define a capital 51. Define a primate city and give 3 examples 52. Define a forward capital and identify 4 examples

5 53. Explain the importance of a forward capital 54. Explain a Unitary government and give an example 55. Explain a Federal government and give an example 56. Define devolution and give an example 57. Define electoral geography 58. Define gerrymandering and explain where it is done 59. Explain the cleavage model

6 Chapter 7 Ethnicities 1) The racist laws that divided South Africans were known as A) secessionist. B) apartheus. C) apomatox. D) apartheid. E) states rights. 2) The most populous ethnic group in the United States is A) African Americans. B) Asian Americans. C) Latinos/Hispanics. D) American Indians and Alaska Natives. E) Austral-Asians. 3) The second most populous ethnic group in the United States is A) Latinos/Hispanics. B) Asian Americans. C) African Americans. D) American Indians and Alaska Natives. E) Austral-Asians. 4) The largest Hispanic/Latino groups in the United States are from which two countries? A) Guatemala and Mexico B) Cuba and Mexico C) Puerto Rico and Mexico D) Puerto Rico and Cuba E) Dominican Republic and Cuba 5) The largest numbers of Asian Americans are descended from immigrants from A) Vietnam. B) Japan. C) China. D) the Philippines. E) Korea. 6) This map shows that African Americans in Michigan are concentrated mainly in A) the northeast. B) the north, northeast, and west. C) the southwest. D) the southeast. E) the northwest. 7) Asian Americans are clustered in what area of the United States? A) Southwest B) West C) Plains states D) Northeast E) Southeast 8) Which is the most dramatic change in the geographic distribution of African Americans in the United States? A) rural to urban within the state B) change to sharecropping C) relocation to northern cities D) movement out of inner-cities E) relocation to coastal cities 9) An examination of the distribution of ethnicities in the United States reveals A) ethnicities are not often clustered in urban areas. B) different ethnicities cluster in each U.S. region. C) ethnic neighborhoods contain a heterogeneous mix of ethnicities, even in cities that were once known for their patterns of segregation. D) segregation and exclusion are a thing of the past for nearly all U.S. ethnic groups. E) ethnic groups tend to cluster in urban areas and in different U.S. regions. 10) The map indicates that Latinos/Hispanics are clustered in what areas of the United States? A) Northeast, cities B) West, Southwest C) Southwest, Southeast D) cities E) Pacific Northwest, Plains states 11) As part of the triangular slave trade system, ships bound for Europe carried A) cloth and trinkets. B) rum and molasses. C) slaves. D) gold and silver. E) slaves and molasses. 12) After World War II ended, millions of people were forced to migrate because of A) Soviet repatriation of Gypsies and Jews. B) counterattacks by the Allies.

7 C) German expansion. D) the return of defeated German soldiers to their homes. E) changes in the boundaries of states. 13) African Americans migrated out of the U.S. South partly as a consequence of A) the removal of travel visa requirements for people of color. B) increased farm mechanization leading to a decreased demand for farm labor. C) the development of better airports, allowing for rapid and efficient travel. D) increasing opportunities to work in northern coal mines and the California gold rush. E) the growth of agriculture in the U.S. North. 14) From 1910 to 1950, population density of African Americans in ghettos A) increased. B) remained the same. C) decreased. D) briefly increased before decreasing. E) fluctuated. 15) What was apartheid? A) the dialect of Dutch which is spoken in South Africa B) South Africa's governmental system C) the existence of landlocked states in southern Africa D) the geographic separation of races in South Africa E) the kinship system of Sub-Saharan Africa 16) A racist believes in A) the equality of women and men regardless of ethnic or racial identity. B) the superiority of some groups because of cultural identity. C) the inferiority of some groups because of economic factors and the superiority of other groups because of political affiliations. D) the biological classification of people and the superiority of some groups over others on the basis of racial identity. E) the biological classification of people along with an understanding that all human beings are one species and therefore one extended family without any inherent differences. 17) The "separate but equal" doctrine in the United States was legally established by A) individual states. B) Plessy v. Ferguson. C) Brown v. Board of Education. D) the Missouri Compromise. E) the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution. 18) The "separate but equal" doctrine of racial equality was accompanied by A) the abolition of discriminatory lending practices and restrictive covenants. B) the end of the U.S. Civil War. C) the required integration of schools. D) the end of legal discrimination in the American South. E) "Jim Crow" laws across the American South. 19) The Brown v. Board of Education court decision ruled that A) separate schools for blacks and whites were unconstitutional. B) "white flight" was morally wrong and should be curtailed. C) discriminatory lending practices and restrictive covenants were unconstitutional. D) separate facilities for blacks and whites were acceptable so long as they were of the same quality. E) separate schools for blacks and whites were constitutional but separate drinking fountains were unconstitutional. 20) An example of white flight is the A) movement of whites from northern cities like Chicago and New York to southern cities. B) movement of whites from southern cities like New Orleans to western cities like Los Angeles. C) establishment of suburbs around Los Angeles. D) decrease in the percent of whites remaining in the Southeast because of black migration from the Southeast. E) emigration of whites from central Los Angeles as blacks were arriving. 21) Ethnic identity for U.S. descendants of European immigrants is primarily preserved through A) neighborhoods and locations. B) schools and education. C) language. D) religion and food. E) political affiliation. 22) A nationality is A) a group of people tied to a place through legal status and tradition. B) a country. C) ethnic identity. D) any cohesive group of people. E) any group with shared religion, language, and origin of birth. 23) The key elements of nationalism include all but A) common culture. B) shared attitudes. C) shared emotions. D) political structure. E) state symbols. 24) The concept that nationalities have the right to govern themselves is known as the right of A) centripetal force. B) nation-state. C) self-determination. D) sovereignty.

8 E) ethnic identity. 25) Loyalty and devotion to a state that represents a particular group's culture is A) nationalism. B) nation-state. C) nation. D) state. E) multiculturalism. 26) Before its breakup the Soviet Union was the largest state. A) multinational B) national C) "state's rights" D) multiethnic E) rightwing fascist 27) Which describes the nationality of someone who gives allegiance to the United Kingdom? A) Welsh B) English C) British D) Irish E) Saxon 28) An example of a nationality might be A) a group of Cherokee Indians living on a reservation. B) a group of Ojibwa Indians touring around Europe. C) a number of Cherokee students living in diverse cities around North America. D) the Nazi Party within Germany in the 1930s. E) a group of Methodist preachers who are now living in various Southern states. 29) Denmark is a good example of a nation-state because A) nearly the entire population are ethnic Danes who speak Danish. B) Danish and German nationalities intermingle in Schleswig-Holstein. C) the people living on the Faeroe islands, which are controlled by Denmark, speak Faeroese. D) Denmark consolidated its boundaries by giving Greenland to Norway. E) it is an independent country that is a member of the United Nations. 30) Which of the following is not a strong centripetal force in the United States? A) network television B) the U.S. flag C) the many ethnic groups living in the United States D) "The Star Spangled Banner" E) baseball 31) Which of the following is likely the least or weakest centripetal force in the United States? A) ABC, NBC, CBS, and other network television B) the U.S. flag flying in different ethnic neighborhoods C) Internet content available from around the world D) "The Star Spangled Banner" being sung at baseball games E) lessons about civic responsibility in the public school system 32) When a U.S. politician attempts to appeal to the widest number of voters, she or he probably appeals to concepts of shared A) nationality. B) chauvinism. C) ethnicity. D) race. E) gender. 33) For the former Soviet Union, which of these was the most important centripetal device? A) the Eastern Orthodox religion B) the Russian language C) appeals to shared ethnicity D) appeals to shared notions of the "white race" E) appeals through stirring nationalistic music 34) In 1947 a Muslim family living in central India likely felt pressure to migrate A) to southern India and then to Sri Lanka. B) to northern India and then to China. C) to the northeastern border and then to Sri Lanka. D) to the northwestern border and then to Pakistan. E) to a large city such as New Delhi. 35) In 1947 a Hindu family living in Pakistan or northwestern India likely felt pressure to migrate A) to southern India and then to Sri Lanka. B) to the south, southeast, or east toward Muslimcontrolled areas. C) to the northeastern border and then to Sri Lanka. D) to the south, southeast, or east away from Muslimcontrolled areas. E) to a large city such as New Delhi. 36) According to this map, the Kurds are likely A) in a new country created for them between Iraq, Iran, and Turkey. B) located in the Balkans. C) clustered completely in Iraq. D) divided among Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran. E) divided among Iraq, Iran, and Syria.

9 37) The Kurds A) are living in a new country created for them between Iraq, Iran, and Turkey. B) are a group which long ago migrated from Anatolia to the Balkans. C) have no wish to become a nationality, only to remain an ethnicity. D) have a large population but are divided among enough countries that they are a minority in every one. E) are not targeted as potential rebels by the Turkish government. 38) Traditionally, the most important unit of African society was the A) state. B) tribe. C) nation. D) kingdom. E) caliphate. 39) Most of the conflict in Africa is widespread because of A) colonial boundaries clearly demarcating the various ethnic and national populations. B) numerous ethnic groups living in perpetual peace and understanding. C) rapid economic development for the poor at the expense of the rich. D) gradual economic development favoring the poor over the rich. E) colonial boundaries in the midst of numerous ethnic and national groups. 40) Balkanization refers to A) the creation of nation-states in southeastern Europe. B) the breakdown of a state due to conflicts among nationalities. C) a small geographic area that cannot successfully be organized into states. D) ethnic cleansing. E) religions splintering into opposing groups. 41) The breakup of Yugoslavia during the 1990s was caused mainly by A) ethnic cleansing. B) the assassination in Sarajevo of the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary. C) rivalries among nationalities. D) NATO. E) espionage by Russian agents. 42) The most important centripetal force in Yugoslavia before its breakup was the A) religion. B) language. C) number of nationalities. D) common economic interests. E) conflict with Turkey. 43) As Sudan's religion-based civil war was winding down, an ethnic war erupted in the region of A) Eritrea. B) Tigre. C) Darfur. D) Amhara. E) Oromo. 44) The process when a group forcibly removes another group is called A) war. B) migrational push factors. C) racism. D) ethnic cleansing. E) white flight.

10 Ch 7 Key 1. D 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. E 10. B 11. B 12. E 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. D 17. B 18. E 19. A 20. E 21. D 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. A 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. C 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. D 36. D 37. D 38. B 39. E 40. B 41. C 42. D 43. C 44. D

11 Chapter 8 Political Geography 1) Conflicting claims to the Arctic are mostly due to A) the potential for energy resources. B) old Cold War grudges. C) colonial expansion. D) shifting sea ice formations. E) the proximity of South American and African countries. 2) The most populous country that is not a member of the United Nations is A) Taiwan. B) South Korea. C) Antarctica. D) Vatican City. E) Monaco. 3) The historically neutral country that recently joined the United Nations is A) Switzerland. B) Australia. C) France. D) Canada. E) Monaco. 4) Over the past half century, the number of sovereign states in the world A) has remained approximately the same. B) has increased by a couple of dozen. C) has decreased by a couple of dozen. D) has increased by more than a hundred. E) has increased by more than a thousand. 5) The world's largest state is A) China. B) Canada. C) Russia. D) Alaska. E) India. 6) The United Nations is primarily what kind of cooperative effort? A) political B) military C) economic D) cultural E) environmental 7) The map concerning United Nations membership indicates that most African countries A) left the UN in the 1990s but joined again in the early 2000s. B) have not yet joined the United Nations as independent states. C) became UN members in the 1940s and 1950s. D) became UN members in the 1960s and 1970s. E) joined the UN in the 1950s but left the UN in the 1980s. 8) An area organized into an independent political unit is a A) colony. B) nationality. C) nation. D) state. E) territory. 9) The best example of a state among the following is A) an island with a long history of self-rule and a homogeneous ethnic identity, although the island has been under the control of a colonial power for the last 30 years. B) a group of islands inhabited by a homogeneous ethnicity, although the westernmost islands pertain to the territory of one country whereas the easternmost islands pertain to another country. C) a mountainous region inhabited by heterogeneous ethnicities and divided up administratively among various independent countries. D) a mountainous region inhabited by heterogeneous ethnicities which share responsibility for maintaining an independent government and a standing army. E) a mountainous region inhabited by a mixture of peoples but recently colonized by a European nationstate. 10) The best example of a nation among the following is A) an island with a long history of self-rule and a homogeneous ethnic identity, although the island has been under the control of a colonial power for the last 30 years. B) a group of islands inhabited by a homogeneous ethnicity, although the westernmost islands pertain to the territory of one country whereas the easternmost islands pertain to another country. C) a mountainous region inhabited by heterogeneous ethnicities and divided up administratively among various independent countries. D) a mountainous region inhabited by heterogeneous ethnicities which share responsibility for maintaining an independent government and a standing army. E) a mountainous region inhabited by a mixture of peoples but recently colonized by a European nationstate. 11) The Fertile Crescent A) followed the Nile and Euphrates rivers.

12 B) was the key to the Roman Empire in classical times. C) was the location of the first city-states in the Middle East and the first large-scale agricultural projects of Sub- Saharan Africa. D) is sometimes considered to have extended from the Nile Valley to the Atlas Mountains. E) extended from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea and was the location of the first city-states in the Middle East. 12) The first states in ancient Mesopotamia were A) city-states, which incorporated cities as well as their countryside. B) colonies, which incorporated cities as well as their countryside. C) empires, which incorporated dozens of unified colonies. D) nation-states, which incorporated city-states, colonies, and empires. E) patron-states ruled by sheiks. 13) Political unity in the ancient Mediterranean world reached its height in A) the Fertile Crescent. B) Egypt. C) the Roman Empire. D) Western Europe. E) the Alexandrian Empire. 14) The first widespread use of the nation-state concept came in A) Mesopotamia. B) the Roman Empire. C) Western Europe. D) the United States. E) Southeast Asia. 15) Among the world's largest multinational states are A) Russia and the United States. B) Australia and New Zealand. C) Japan and Denmark. D) Mexico and Russia. E) Mexico and Japan. 16) Korea is a good example of a(n) A) sovereign state. B) nation-state existing in a unified condition. C) ethnicity divided between more than one state. D) colony divided between more than one ethnicity. E) patron-state. B) Australia and New Zealand. C) Russia and the United States. D) Mexico and Russia. E) Mexico and Germany. 19) A territory tied to a state rather than being completely independent is a A) nation. B) state. C) nation-state. D) colony. E) patron-state. 20) The attempt by one country to impose political control over another territory is A) colonialism. B) constitutionality. C) self-determination. D) sovereignty. E) suffrage. 21) The motives of European states in establishing colonies can be summarized as all but which of the following? A) God B) glory C) guilt D) gold E) power 22) The most populous remaining colony is ruled by A) the United States. B) the United Kingdom. C) France. D) China. E) the Netherlands. 23) The Commonwealth is primarily A) an economic and cultural alliance of states once part of the British Empire. B) an organization of culturally homogenous nations that opposed the Warsaw Pact. C) organized to increase availability of mineral resources in perforated states that are NATO allies. D) a religious entity that sends missionaries to Africa from the United Kingdom. E) an association of countries that were once members of COMECON and the Warsaw Pact. 17) The Kurds are A) a multinational state. B) divided among more than one state. C) a religious minority in the Middle East. D) trying to unite with Turkey. E) the majority population of Iraq. 18) Examples of major nation-states are A) Germany and Denmark.

13 24) According to the map of present-day colonial possessions, the British colony east of Argentina is A) Gibraltar. B) Saint Helena. C) the British Virgin Islands. D) the Falkland Islands. E) Anguila. 25) The only large land mass not part of a sovereign state is A) Antarctica. B) the Arctic. C) Greenland. D) Siberia. E) Borneo. 26) A frontier, in contrast to a boundary, A) separates two states. B) is an area rather than a line. C) has become a more common means to separate states. D) is a region of ethnic conflict. E) is the westernmost part of a state. 27) A feature of the physical environment commonly used to separate states includes all but which of the following? A) deserts B) geometry C) mountains D) lakes E) rivers 28) The boundary between the United States and Canada is best described by which of the following? A) geometric only B) linguistic and religious C) water and linguistic D) mountain and water E) water and geometric 31) The boundary between Argentina and Chile is an example of a A) prorupted boundary. B) geometric boundary. C) physical boundary. D) cultural frontier. E) perforated frontier. 32) The eastern part of the border between the United States and Mexico is delineated by A) the Rio Grande. B) the Gulf of Mexico. C) the Mojave desert. D) the Mississippi River. E) the Rocky Mountains. 33) Extremely small island-states in the world, many of which are former European colonies, are called A) island nations. B) macrostates. C) microstates. D) small nation-states. E) island-colonies. 34) The Germans established the known as the Caprivi Strip in present-day Namibia to access resources in central Africa, including the Zambezi River. A) causeway B) disruption zone C) railroad D) protraction E) proruption 29) Cultural boundaries include all but which of the following? A) ethnic B) geometric C) religious D) linguistic E) geomorphic 30) The conflict over the Aozou Strip involves A) centripetal forces acting in the absence of any centrifugal forces. B) a disputed border and Egypt's claims of sovereignty over the zone. C) a disagreement regarding suffrage and a disputed border. D) a disputed border and Libya's claims of sovereignty over the zone. E) Aozou attempts to join the United Nations as a sovereign nation-state. 35) As shown on this map, an African country with an

14 elongated shape is A) Libya. B) Central African Republic. C) Algeria. D) Malawi. E) Sudan. 36) A Southeast Asian country with a partly elongated or prorupted shape is A) Pakistan. B) China. C) Cambodia. D) Thailand. E) Indonesia. 37) A South American country with an elongated shape is A) Bolivia. B) Colombia. C) Brazil. D) Chile. E) Ecuador 38) Swaziland makes into a perforated state. A) Madagascar B) the United Kingdom C) Italy D) South Africa E) Zimbabwe 39) The most fragmented Southeast Asian state is A) Brunei. B) Malaysia. C) East Timor. D) Indonesia. E) Thailand. 40) Elongated states may suffer from poor internal communication and difficulty defending borders. Which of the following is not an elongated state? A) Malawi B) Gambia C) Namibia D) Chile E) Italy 41) An example of a perforated state is A) South Africa. B) Sudan. C) Slovenia. D) Malaysia. E) Germany. 42) A state with control over its internal affairs has A) centripetal forces. B) nationality. C) suffrage. D) sovereignty. E) ethnicity. 43) The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves is known as A) centripetal determination. B) nationalism. C) universal suffrage. D) self determination. E) sovereignty. 44) Which shape most easily fosters the establishment of effective internal communications for a smaller state? A) compact B) elongated C) fragmented D) prorupted E) prolonged 45) A state which places most power in the hands of a central government is a(n) A) federal state. B) anocratic state. C) fragmented state. D) unitary state. E) compact state. 46) After the fall of communism, Poland A) adopted a unitary form of government. B) became a nation-state. C) delegated more authority to local governments. D) gave most of its federal power to its ethnic minorities. E) annexed land from Germany. 47) The European Union has A) replaced COMECON as the main organization for regional cooperation in Eastern Europe. B) protected Western Europe from a Soviet invasion and improved Europe's environmental protections. C) promoted economic growth and integration in Western Europe. D) closed NATO military bases around the Mediterranean Sea in order to save money since the end of the Cold War. E) protected Southwestern Asia and North Africa from Muslim incursions. 48) An increasing number of states have adopted a federal form of government primarily to A) grant different ethnicities or nationalities more effective representation. B) encourage the breakup of the superpower alliances. C) govern compact states more effectively. D) deploy scarce resources efficiently. E) accommodate rightwing political parties and their demands for more representation in national elections. 49) The process of redrawing legislative boundaries to benefit the party in power is called A) gerrymandering. B) stacking votes. C) hanging chads. D) redlining.

15 E) blockbusting. 50) When gerrymandering takes place, the kind of redistricting so that the opposition is spread across many districts as a minority is termed a(n) strategy. A) wasted vote B) rightwing C) stacked vote D) districting E) excess vote 51) When gerrymandering takes place, the kind of redistricting that concentrates opposition voters into a small number of districts, allowing the party in power to gain control of numerous other districts, is termed a(n) strategy. A) excess vote B) red-state rigged C) stacked vote D) wasted vote E) inexcess vote 52) The two Germanys A) existed separately from 1949 to B) are the newest UN member states in Europe. C) were divided by proto-germanic languages. D) are on opposite banks of the Rhine River. E) were divided by economic and cultural boundaries until ) In the geopolitical sphere, a balance of power is A) a condition of roughly equal strength between opposing sides, as if they were two equally matched camps. B) always bipolar but reinforced by satellite states. C) a condition of unequal strength between opposing sides, as if they were two powerful allies, supported by a range of satellite states. D) exemplified by a League of Nations or, in the post- World War II era, the United Nations. E) the type of power shared by the members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 54) What was a distinctive feature of the world's superpowers between the 1940s and 1980s compared to other eras? A) The United States and the Soviet Union were superpowers for the first time. B) The two superpowers were never involved in wars. C) The number of superpowers was much lower than in the past. D) The superpowers had satellites. E) The superpowers used religion to settle conflicts. 55) As a result of a 1979 Soviet invasion, fundamentalist Muslims began a major rebellion in, supported in part by weapons supplied by the United States. A) Afghanistan B) Ethiopia C) Iran D) Vietnam E) Yugoslavia 56) As a result of a 1979 Soviet invasion, Osama bin Laden left Saudi Arabia to join the rebellion of fundamentalist Muslims calling themselves A) mujahedeen, or "holy warriors." B) kamchatkadeen, or "Kamcha warriors." C) iraqideen, or "Southwest Asian warriors." D) jalomadeen, or "peace warriors." E) Islamic Brotherhood "holy warriors." 57) entered Afghanistan in the to help fight a jihad against the Soviet Union, and years later he opposed the stationing of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia. A) Osama bin Laden; 1980s B) Osama bin Laden; 1990s C) Osama bin Laden; 1970s D) Muhammad bin Laden; 1980s E) Ladenbil al Reilly; 1980s 58) In in 1979, when the U.S.-supported leader of the country was ousted from power, supporters of the ayatollah seized the U.S. embassy and held 62 Americans hostage until January 20, A) Iran B) Iraq C) Afghanistan D) Egypt E) Israel 59) The boundary between the two Germanys was determined by A) Cold War alliances and rivalries after World War II. B) membership in the United Nations, along with nationalistic issues. C) the growth of fascism in Europe. D) the changing physical boundaries of Europe's major rivers and coastlines. E) cultural issues involving shifting language patterns in Europe. 60) Which of the following is true about both China and Taiwan? A) Neither one is a member of the United Nations. B) Both consider Taiwan to be the sovereign property of the communist government in Beijing. C) Both now hold seats in the United Nations. D) Neither was once ruled by the Nationalists, although both have official relationships with the United States. E) Both were once ruled by the Nationalists, and both have official relationships with the United States. 61) Since the end of the Cold War, A) Russia has become a nation-state, with the expulsion of minorities from regions such as the Caucasus. B) military alliances have become more important in Europe. C) nationalities have been discouraged from expressing

16 their cultural identities, particularly in the Caucasus region and Siberia. D) Russia has undergone political and economic turmoil, including rebellion in the Caucasus region. E) COMECON has reemerged as a major economic entity in Eastern Europe, and has cooperated with the European Union and NATO on environmental issues and regional trade. 62) Terrorism differs from assassinations and other acts of political violence because A) attacks are never well coordinated. B) attacks are aimed at military targets or political leaders. C) attacks are aimed at ordinary people. D) attacks use only personal and improvised weapons. E) attacks are typically made without regard for political goals. 63) In the 1980s, the United States sent bombers to attack in a failed attempt to kill Colonel Muammar el-qaddafi, in retribution for his country's support of terrorism. A) Libya B) Iraq C) Iran D) Egypt E) Israel 64) Which of the following is not true of al-qaeda? A) Al-Qaeda has been implicated in several bombings since the attack on the United States in B) Al-Qaeda is a single unified organization. C) Most al-qaeda cell members have lived in ordinary society, supporting themselves with jobs or crime. D) Finance, media, legal-religious policy and military committees report to a council called Majiis al shura. E) Al-Qaeda grew out of the war against the Soviet Union in Afghanistan. 65) Key challenges to establishing a representative government in Iraq after Saddam Hussein are A) geometric boundaries established by British and French treaties. B) tribal and ethnic differences between provinces. C) sectarian conflict between the Shiite and Sunni Muslims. D) Al-Qaeda insurgents opposed to a secular state with U.S. ties. E) All of these answers are correct.

17 Chapter 8 Key 1. A 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. D 9. D 10. B 11. E 12. A 13. C 14. C 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. A 21. C 22. A 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. E 29. E 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. E 35. D 36. D 37. D 38. D 39. D 40. C 41. A 42. D 43. D 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. C 48. A 49. A 50. A 51. A 52. A 53. A 54. C 55. A 56. A 57. A 58. A 59. A 60. E 61. D 62. C 63. A 64. B 65. E