Political Organizations of Space
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1
2 Political Organizations of Space
3 Quiz Ferret!!
4 Not natural Man Made Organization
5 Study of human political organizations Organize Land Political organizations Political Structure
6 3 Levels Above Country International At Country National Below Country Local
7 Human Territoriality Ownership Defined Space Fixed Time and Space
8 Personal Space Varies on time and Space Country vs City
9 Political Organizations of Space
10 Political Organizations of Space
11 State Permanent Population Boundaries Government Economy Sovereignty Recognized by others
12 Nation Culture / Identity
13 States Multiple nations United States
14 Quiz Ferret!!
15 What is the difference between a nation and a state?
16 A nation is a group of people with common cultural attributes. A state is a basic political unit that divides human territory.
17 Homogeneous Japan
18 Nation with no territory Palestinians Kurdish
19 Strong feeling of differences Break away New Nation Can cause problems
20
21 Nationalism Another State Reabsorb people Territory Nazi Germany Serbia in Yugoslavia
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23 To stop problems Creates buffer Mongolia
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25 To stop problems Creates buffer Eastern Europe
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27 A territory of overlapping claims Source of conflict Kashmir
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29 Quiz Ferret!!
30 Quiz Ferret! What countries are involved in the Kashmir Conflict?
31 Quiz Ferret! China, India, and Pakistan. To make matters worse, India and Pakistan have nuclear weapons!!
32 Extend Control Influence Independent States Controlled
33
34 Political Organizations of Space
35 Political Organizations of Space
36 How states define themselves Territory People
37 Types Geometric Physical Cultural
38 Geometric No physical / cultural reference Latitude / Longitude
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40
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42 Physical Physical landscape
43 Cultural Cultural Landscape Language, Religion
44
45 Center of Disputes Weakly inhabited Weakly controlled
46 Quiz Ferret!!
47 Quiz Ferret! Most states in Africa have what type of boundaries?
48 Quiz Ferret! Geometric!
49 Political Organizations of Space
50 Political Organizations of Space
51 Antecedent Boundaries Subsequent Boundaries Superimposed Boundaries Relict Boundaries
52 Boundaries before humans Ohio River
53 Agreed upon US / Canadian
54 Boundary created Enforced Outside force Israel Ottoman Empire Post WWI
55 Boundary No longer functions Berlin Wall Great Wall of China
56 Quiz Ferret!!
57 Quiz Ferret! Which type of Boundary is most likely to be a physical feature?
58 Quiz Ferret! An antecedent boundary!
59 Political Organizations of Space
60 Political Organizations of Space
61 Multi Step Process Official
62 Definition Described and Negotiated
63 Delimitation Put on Maps
64 Demarcation Official Marker
65 Administration Administering Boundary
66 Political Organizations of Space
67 Political Organizations of Space
68 UN Convention on the Law of the Seas UNCLOS
69 Coastal States 12 Nautical Miles Ships
70 Coastal States 200 nautical miles Economic Zone Resources
71 Not 200 nautical miles Evenly divided Median Line Principle
72 Interpretation Where is it located? Modern Technology
73 Definitional Language of boundary agreement
74 Locational Physical Location
75 Operational How boundary functions
76 Allocation Boundary Dispute Natural Resources
77 Quiz Ferret!!
78 Quiz Ferret! What is the most common form of boundary dispute in our world today?
79 Quiz Ferret! Allocation!
80 Shape Size Location Political Situation
81 5 Geographic Shapes Fragmented Elongated Compact Prorupt Perforated
82 Fragmented Several Pieces Indonesia
83 Elongated Long and Thin Stretched Out Chile
84 Compact Not far off Circular / Square Connected Austria
85 Prorupt Piece juts out from main body Break away / invasion
86 Perforated State completely surrounds another
87 Quiz Ferret!!
88 Quiz Ferret! Which type of state shape is most likely to lead to conflict within the state?
89 Quiz Ferret! Fragmented!
90 Territorial Enclave State surrounded by another state Exclave Separated West Berlin Alaska / Hawaii
91 Political Organizations of Space
92 Political Organizations of Space
93 Unitary Federal Confederal / Confederacy
94 One body of government Central Government Legislative (Parliamentary) Executive (President / Prime Minister / Dictator / King / Queen) Local Governments Help Central Government Smaller Countries Britain / France / Germany
95 More balance Central / State (Local) Work against Too much power Local Individual / autonomous governments
96 Central Government Weak Advisory board Local Government Most power
97 Political Organizations of Space
98 Political Organizations of Space
99 Core Where political / economic / cultural power lies Spread of development Multi Core More than one core Create internal division
100
101 Strong infrastructure Share power / influence
102 Important Politics Economics Cultural
103 Capital Cities All political, economic, historical, and cultural Less Developed Old World
104 Power and Prestige
105 Move Cities Forward Capital Built to achieve goal St. Petersburg Berlin Brasilia
106 Political Organizations of Space
107 Political Organizations of Space
108 Internal Political boundaries Representation Government United States Electoral College / Congressional Districts
109 Americans are represented in two houses at the federal (national) level Senate (Upper House) Must be 35 Elections every 6 years Represents the whole state House(Lower House) Must be 25 Elections every 2 years Represents parts of the state
110 Senate 2 per state 100 total (50 states) House At least 1 per state Based on population of the state 435 members Cannot be increased w/out Constitutional Amendment Representation shifts based on population Districts of roughly 710,000 Based on US Census numbers Tell your parents to complete the Census!
111 Electoral College Electoral votes are based on representation Same number of votes as representatives Senators + Representatives Larger population = more votes More important in presidential elections
112 Unfair Congressional Districts Obvious advantage Packing / Cracking State Congress
113 A brief history on who could vote in the US Initially White men who owned property (21+) All white men 21 and older No property requirement th Amendment All men 21 and older No racial or ethnic discrimination
114 th Amendment 1964 Women over th Amendment Bans poll taxes Part of Jim Crow South
115 1965 Voting Rights Act of 1965 Bans almost all voting requirements used to keep out minority (black or otherwise) voters Literacy tests, grandfather clauses th Amendment Lowers voting age to 18
116 Nation State Post WWII Prior to WWII Lords, Kings, Queens, Emperors Military Might
117 In the beginning, before civilization Lack of stability Constant change Not able to control Lack of technology Communication / Transportation
118 Kings become more powerful From city states and alliances To Kingdoms and Empires Territory extends Stability comes Cultural Connection Religious influence
119 People Greater sense of community King Nation State Language Religion
120 Europe / China Greater technology More cohesion
121 Nation State Spread through colonialism Colonialism 1500s 1800s Colonization Industrialization Exploitation
122 Colonization Advantages Scramble for territory Natural Resources Raw Materials
123 Mercantilism Colony Raw Materials Market Mother Country Finished Product More land = More Power Increased Wealth Gold
124 Colonization Modernization Christianization
125 Imperialism Control of foreign land Control of foreign people Government / Religion / Language / etc Land = Power
126 Dependency Theory Negative Countries impoverished b/c of Colonialism / Imperialism
127 Imperialized countries Still dependent Europeans left them dependent Consumption of goods produced Financial products for development
128 National Boundaries Suit needs of Europeans No regard for ethnic / religious differences Infrastructure Poor Created Deals Create infrastructure / must pay back Keeps nation poor
129 Neo-Colonialism New dependency Goods, resources, technology, etc Use IMF and World Bank as methods of control Use money and debt to control states
130 Wallerstein World System Analysis Each State is interdependent Against Dependency Theory Each State NEEDS the other
131 World System Analysis 3 Categories Global Economic Core Global Economic Periphery Global Economic Semiperiphery
132 Economic Core Industrialized Countries Drive Global Economy Higher Standards of living Drive demand for goods and services More wealth
133 Economic Periphery Underdeveloped Old Colonies Supply many goods to core
134 Semiperiphery In between Evidence of both Emerging nations
135 Drive Apart Bring together Centrifugal Divide / Drive Apart Boundary Conflicts Separatism Religious Division Ethnic / Cultural Divisions
136 Centripetal Keep together Unifying symbol Flag / Seal Pledge of Allegiance National Athenm National Identity Culture / Language / Religion
137 Breaking up of larger states Ethnic lines Eastern Europe Soviet Union
138 Political Organizations of Space
139 Political Organizations of Space
140 Understand Global Political world Geographic perspective Predict the future? Understand global events Use environment / territorial perspectives Two Schools German American / British Why are states powerful? How can they become powerful?
141 German / Organic Theory Friedrich Ratzel (1940) States are living organisms States need nourishment Other states People, resources, etc Hitler
142 American / British Mackinder (1904) Land based power Central Eurasia Key to power Heart land / Pivot Area Contemporaries Naval Power
143 Rimland Theory Spykman (1938) Balance of power Heartland and Rimland Rimland more important Allows access to sea and trade Rise of Japan Vietnam / Korea Containment Understand modern states craft
144 Saul Cohen (2003) After SU fall No longer 2 super powers Conflicts based on economics Global and regional importance Shatterbelts and Gateways Places of greater volatility Can lead to greater regional / global disruption Former conflict strategy no longer applies New weapons, transportation
145 Past / Present / Future relationships States and Supranational Organizations
146 Quiz Ferret!!
147 Quiz Ferret! Who proposed the Heartland Geopolitical theory?
148 Quiz Ferret! Harlford Mackinder!
149 Political Organizations of Space
150 Political Organizations of Space
151 3 or more states Mutual Benefit / Shared Goals 60 Organizations EU, NATO, NAFTA, Warsaw Pact (now Collective Security Treaty Organization) Benefits No loners / Rogue States Negatives Organizations differ in their goals Drag many into conflict
152 Strong Centrifugal Forces Power shifts Central to regional Scotland Corisca
153 Need for cooperation League of Nations Woodrow Wilson (post WWI) Prevent future wars 58 members Not including US
154 L of N falls apart Permanent Court of International Justice International issues Boundary disputes Fishing Rights Necessary, but how much? Autonomy?
155 United Nations Similar to L of N After WWII Purpose: The purposes of the United Nations, according it its charter, are to maintain international peace and security; to develop friendly relations among nations; to cooperate in solving international economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems and in promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms; and to be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in attaining these ends. 193 Members South Sudan (2011) 3 or 4 world non members Taiwan, Kosovo, Vatican, Palestine
156 UN General Assembly Vote Security Council 15 members Military Decisions Peace Keepers Defend Sovereignty
157 UN Security Council Sanctions 5 Permanent Members Veto Power 10 revolving members
158 UN Economic and Social Council Anti poverty Pro Humanitarian Promoting Cultural Awareness Global Health
159 UN International Court of Justice Judicial Wing Legal Issues Member nations Gives legal advice 15 Judges 9 years Hague, Netherlands
160 UN Secretariat Executive Administrative Issues General Assembly Security Council
161 The European Union Economic Supranational State Benelux Economic Free Zone Europe Desire for greater power Become more economically competitive Pull together
162 OEEC Organization for European Economic Cooperation ECSC European Coal and Steel Community Free movement of Steel EEC / Common Market European Economic Community Greater Economic Freedom / Trade
163 EC European Community EU Growth of EEC Move beyond Economics European Union Trade, Governance, Policy Currency Ties European Economies
164 Red = Euro Blue = No Euro
165 EU Problems Lots of different people / histories Richer v Poorer Debt Crisis Losing Autonomy
166 EU Turkey Some like / Some Don t Human Rights Not European Greece & Cyprus Turkey turns East
167 1991 Fall of the Soviet Union Post WWII Two Camps Democratic / Communists World Domination / Power
168 Rise of China / India
169 World Shrinks Greater Connection Sharing Clash of Cultures How do we deal with eachother?
170 Nuclear Weapons Iran, Pakistan, India, North Korea Human Rights Issues Terrorism
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