THE DILEMMAS OF DISSIDENCE IN EAST-CENTRAL EUROPE
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1 A THE DILEMMAS OF DISSIDENCE IN EAST-CENTRAL EUROPE Citizen Intellectuals and Philosopher Kings by Barbara J. Falk ;CEU PRESS Central European University Press Budapest New York
2 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Abbreviations Preface A Note on Nomenclature Acknowledgments xi xv xxix xxxiii Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1 SECTION 1 Chapter 2 POLAND: THE HARBINGER OF CRISIS AND COLLAPSE 13 Intellectual Opposition in Poland: The Catholic Church in Poland 18 The Students' Protest: March, The Workers' Protest: Gdansk, The Events of June, 1976: Radom, Ursus, and Beyond 34 Komitet Obrony Robotnikow (KOR): The Workers' Defense Committee 35 The Alternative Civil Society? 40 Towarzystwo Kursow Naukowych (TKN): The Flying University \ 42 The Pope's Visit, 1979 \ 43 Solidarity (Solidarnos'c) \ 45 Intellectuals within Solidarity 49 Martial Law and its Aftermath 51 Solidarity Underground 53 Re-Legalization, the Roundtable Talks (RT), and Free Elections 56
3 Vlll Chapter 3 CZECHOSLOVAKIA: FROM INTERRUPTED TO VELVET REVOLUTION 59 Czechoslovak Stalinism and the Role of Intellectuals 59 The Economic Crisis of the 1960s 62 Proposals for Economic Reform 63 The Writers' Union and the Cultural Renaissance of the 1960s 65' The Student/Youth Movements and Strahov 68 The Prague Spring 70 The Action Program and Soviet Response 71 Independent Currents: The Untimely Rebirth of Civil Society 76 Cierna nad Tisou 77 Crisis: Soviet Mobilization and the Moscow Protocols 79 Normalization 80 The Underground Music Scene and the Trial of the PPU 84 The Helsinki Accords and Charter Vybor na Obranu Nespravedlive Stihanych (VONS) 92 The "Underground University" 92 Samizdat Publishing and Distribution 94 Repression and Resistance in the Czech Lands and Slovakia in the 1980s 95 The Underground Church in Slovakia 100 The Tide Turns: "Just a Few Sentences" 102 The GDR Exodus and the Fall of the Wall 103 November 17 and the Birth of Civic Forum and Public against Violence 103 Havel nahrad 106 The New Year's Address and the Consolidation of Democracy 107 Chapter 4 \ POST-1956 HUNGARY: REPRESSION, REFORM, AND ROUNDTABLE REVOLUTION \ 109 The Hungarian Revolution of 1956: Lessons and Legacies 109 Kadarite Communism 112 The Politics of Economic Reform: The NEM 113 Socialist Redistribution and the Second Economy 116
4 IX Intellectuals: On the Road to Class Power? 118 The Budapest School 122 "Populist" vs. "Democratic" Dissent 125 Beszelo and Hungarian Samizdat 130 Toward an Alliance: The Bibo Festschrift and Monor 135 Lakitelek 138 Intra-party and Election Reform 139 The Rebirth of Civil Society Ellenzeki Kerekasztal (EKA) and the "Pacted Transition" 146 The "FourYeses" Referendum 151 June 16, 1989:The Reburial of Imre Nagy 152 SECTION 2 Chapter 5 INTELLECTUALS IN POLAND: THE TRADITION CONTINUES 157 Leszek Kolakowski: A Source of Hope amidst Hopelessness 157 Adam Michnik's Alliance Strategy: The Church and the Left 165 "A New Evolutionism" 177 Non-violence as Theory and Practice 180 Kuron: A Bridge between Generations 184 Theorizing Civil Society: The Polish Case 192 Chapter 6 OPPOSITION INTELLECTUALS IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA 199 Vaclav Havel's Theatre of the Absurd 199 The Evolution of "Living in Truth": Its Meaning and Consequences 204 From Playwright to Dissident in Husak's Czechoslovakia 208 Theorizing Resistance: "The Power of the Powerless" 215 "Politics and Conscience" and the Destructive Capacities of Technology \ 225 Largo Desolato, Temptation, and thevanek Plays 229 Letters to Olga: "Being" and the "Absolute" 236 The Decisive Influence of Jan Patocka 242 Vaclav Benda's "Parallel Palis" 247 The Collective Oeuvre of the Chartists 251 Theorizing Civil Society: The Czechoslovak Example 254
5 Chapter 7 THE DEMOCRATIC OPPOSITION IN HUNGARY 257 The Philosophical Legacy of Gyorgy Lukacs 257 The Influence of Istvan Bibo 261 Kis and Bence: Toward an East European Marxism! 266 The Social Contract of Beszelo and "Radical Reformism" 277 Kis'Democratic Alternative 281 Miklos Haraszti:The Nature of Repression for Workers and Artists 290 Theorizing Civil Society: Konrad's Antipolitics 298 SECTION 3 Chapter 8 THE DISSIDENT CONTRIBUTION TO POLITICAL THEORY 313 Defining the Problem: Civil Society and the Shifting Boundaries of Public and Private 313 Toward a Reconstituted Public Sphere: Central European and Western Intersections in Theorizing Civil Society 316 Reappraising Civil Society: Feminist Critiques 325 Political Economy as Critique: The Dissidents Meet the Market 327 Dissident Thought as Reconstructed Liberalism 334 Political Theory Engages with Dissident Theory 348 Marginalization or Public Engagement: The Role of Central European Intellectuals in the Post-Communist Era 354 BIBLIOGRAPHY 365 Personal Interviews 397 Skilling Seminar,Toronto 398 Filmography/Videography \ 398 NOTES 399 INDEX 463
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