Masterpieces of History
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1 Masterpieces of History THE PEACEFUL END OF THE COLD WAR IN EUROPE, 1989 Edited by SVETLANA SAVRANSKAYA, THOMAS BLANTON, AND VLADISLAV ZUBOK Editorial Assistant ANNA MELYAKOVA SUB Hamburg A 2010/ CEU PRESS Central European University Press Budapest New York
2 Table of Contents Preface and Acknowledgements Foreword by Anatoly S. Chernyaev Foreword by Jack F. Matlock, Jr. Acronyms Chronology of Events xv xxi xxv xxvii xxix The Logic of 1989: The Soviet Peaceful Withdrawal from Eastern Europe by Svetlana Savranskaya 1 "U.S. Policy and the Revolutions of 1989" by Thomas Blanton 49 Dialogue: The Musgrove Conference, May 1-3, DOCUMENTS Document No. 1: 217 Transcript of Mikhail Gorbachev's Conference with CC CPSU Secretaries, March 15, 1985 Document No. 2: 220 Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev regarding the "Vladimirov" Article, July 5, 1985 Document No. 3: 222 Memorandum from Anatoly Chernyaev to Aleksandr Yakovlev on Germany and Eastern Europe, March 10, 1986 Document No. 4: 224 Speech by Mikhail Gorbachev to Ministry of Foreign Affairs, May 28, 1986 Document No. 5: 226 Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session, June 13, 1986 Document No. 6: 230 Memorandum from Mikhail Gorbachev to the CC CPSU Politburo on Topical Questions regarding Collaboration with Socialist Countries, June 26, 1986
3 Document No. 7: 234 Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session, July 3, 1986 Document No. 8: 236 Transcript of CC CPSU Politburo Session, November 13, 1986 Document No. 9: 241 Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session, January 29, 1987 Document No. 10: 244 Proposal from Georgy Shakhnazarov to the CPSU for a Partial Soviet Troop Withdrawal from the CSSR, March 1987 Document No. 11: 247 Report on Mikhail Gorbachev's Visit to Czechoslovakia, April 16, 1987 Document No. 12: 249 Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session, May 8, 1987 Document No. 13: 253 Report on Mikhail Gorbachev's Visit to Romania, June 4, 1987 P Document No. 14: 255 Report on Eduard Shevardnadze's Visits to Bulgaria, Hungary, and Yugoslavia, July 9, 1987 Document No. 15: 257 State Department Intelligence and Research Report: "Economic Reform in the USSR and Eastern Europe," September 16, 1987 Document No. 16: 259 Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session, November 19, 1987 Document No. 17: 261 Memorandum from Robert Gates, "Gorbachev's Gameplan: The Long View," November 24, 1987 Document No. 18: 264 Telegram from Rozanne Ridgeway to All European Diplomatic Posts, "Eastern Europe: Invitation to the Dance," December 1987 Document No. 19: 265 Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session, March 10, 1988 DocumentNo. 20: 268 Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Lazar Moisov, March 14, 1988 DocumentNo. 21: 268 Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session, March 24-25, 1988 Document No. 22: 271 Record of the Main Content of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Gustav Husak, April 12, 1988 Document No. 23: 273 Record of the Main Content of a Telephone Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Janos Kadar, May 19, 1988 vi
4 Document No. 24: 277 Comments from Georgy Shakhnazarov on Viktor Kulikov's Report at the Warsaw Treaty PCC, May 25, 1988 Document No. 25: 280 National Intelligence Estimate 11/ : "Soviet Policy toward Eastern Europe under Gorbachev," May 1988 Document No. 26: 286 Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session, June 20, 1988 Document No. 27: 290 Speech by Mikhail Gorbachev at a Dinner with Wojciech Jaruzelski, July 11, 1988 Document No. 28: 292 Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Jozef Czyrek, September 23, 1988 Document No. 29: 306 Preparatory Notes from Georgy Shakhnazarov for Mikhail Gorbachev for CC CPSU Politburo Meeting, October 6, 1988 Document No. 30: 309 Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev regarding a Meeting between Mikhail Gorbachev and Helmut Kohl, October 28, 1988 Document No. 31: 311 Notes of a Meeting between Mikhail Gorbachev and Foreign Policy Advisers, October 31, 1988 Document No. 32: 313 Summary of Conversations between Karoly Grosz, Janos Berecz, Miklos Nemeth, Matyas Sziiros and Aleksandr Yakovlev, November 10-11, 1988 Document No. 33: 325 CIA Intelligence Assessment, "Gorbachev's September Housecleaning: An Early Evaluation," December 1988 Document No. 34: 331 Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev on the Situation in the Baltics, December 10, 1988 Document No. 35: 332 Transcript of CC CPSU Politburo Session, December 27-28, 1988 Document No. 36: 341 Record of Conversation between Aleksandr Yakovlev and Henry Kissinger, January 16, 1989 Document No. 37: 345 Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Henry Kissinger, January 17, 1989 vn
5 Document No. 38: 347 Letter from George H.W. Bush to Mikhail Gorbachev, January 17, 1989 Document No. 39: 349 Report from Mikhail Gorbachev to the CC CPSU Politburo regarding His Meeting with the Trilateral Commission, January 21, 1989 Document No. 40: 352 Notes of Telephone Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and George H.W. Bush, January 23, 1989 DocumentNo. 41: 353 Memorandum from the CC CPSU International Department, "On a Strategy for Relations with the European Socialist Countries," February 1989 Document No. 42: 365 Memorandum from the Bogomolov Institute, "Changes in Eastern Europe and their Impact on the USSR," February 1989 DocumentNo. 43: 382 Cable from Jack Matlock to State Department, "The Soviet Union over the Next Four Years," February 3, 1989 Document No. 44: 389 Memorandum from Anatoly Chernyaev to Vadim Zagladin, February 4, 1989 Document No. 45: 390 Cable from Jack Matlock to State Department, "The Soviet Union over the Next Four Years," February 13, 1989 Document No. 46: 397 Report on Vadim Medvedev's Visit to Romania, February 16, 1989 Document No. 47: 399 Cable from Jack Matlock to State Department, "U.S.-Soviet Relations: Policy Opportunities," February 22, 1989 Document No. 48:. 408 Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Achille Occhetto, February 28, 1989 Document No. 49: 411 Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session, March 3, 1989 Document No. 50: 412 Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Miklos Nemeth, March 3, 1989 DocumentNo. 51: 414 Notes of Mikhail Gorbachev's Meeting with Soviet Ambassadors to Socialist Countries, March 3, 1989 Document No. 52: 418 Record of Conversations between Mikhail Gorbachev and Karoly Grosz, March 23-24, 1989 viii
6 Document No. 53: 420 Transcript of CC CPSU Politburo Session, "Outcome of the USSR People's Deputies Elections," March 28, 1989 Document No. 54: 432 CIA Intelligence Assessment, "Rising Political Instability under Gorbachev: Understanding the Problem and Prospects for Resolution," April 1989 Document No. 55: 436 Report from Vadim Zagladin on Conversation with Jan Pudlak, April 1, 1989 Document No. 56: 438 Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Margaret Thatcher, April 6, 1989 Document No. 57: 442 National Intelligence Estimate , Soviet Policy Toward the West: The Gorbachev Challenge, April 1989 Document No. 58: 446 Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session, April 20, 1989 Document No. 59: 449 Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev regarding Gorbachev's State of Mind, May 2, 1989 Document No. 60: 450 Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session, May 11, 1989 Document No. 61: 452 Transcript of CC PUWP Secretariat Meeting, June 5, 1989 Document No. 62: 460 Record of Conversation between Erich Honecker and Eduard Shevardnadze, June 9, 1989 Document No. 63: 463 Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Helmut Kohl, June 12, 1989 Document No. 64: 468 Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Richard von Weizsacker, June 12, 1989 Document No. 65: 470 Transcript of Opening Full Session of Hungarian National Round Table Negotiations, June 13, 1989 Document No. 66: 475 Record of Second Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Helmut Kohl, June 13, 1989 Document No. 67: 476 Record of Third Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Helmut Kohl, June 14, 1989 ix
7 Document No. 68: 479 Memorandum of Telephone Conversation between George H.W. Bush and Helmut Kohl, June 15, 1989 Document No. 69: 482 Memorandum of Telephone Conversation between George H.W. Bush and Helmut Kohl, June 23, 1989 Document No. 70: 484 Letter from Helmut Kohl to George H.W. Bush, June 28, 1989 Document No. 71: 488 Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev, Francois Mitterrand and Their Spouses, July 4, 1989 Document No. 72: 490 Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Francois Mitterrand, July 5, 1989 Document No. 73: 492 Address by Mikhail Gorbachev to the Council of Europe in Strasbourg,,, July 6, 1989 Document No. 74: 497 Record of Concluding Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Francois Mitterrand, July 6, 1989 Document No. 75: 499 Notes of Meeting of Warsaw Treaty Member-States, July 8, 1989 Document No. 76: 503 Information Note regarding George H.W. Bush's Visit to Poland (July 9-11), July 18,1989 Document No. 77: 506 Record of Conversation between Aleksandr Yakovlev and Jack Matlock, July 20, 1989 DocumentNo. 78: 511 Report from Rezso Nyers and Karoly Grosz on Negotiations with Mikhail Gorbachev, July 24-25, 1989 DocumentNo. 79: 515 Transcript of SED Politburo Sessions, September 5, 1989 Document No. 80: 517 Memorandum of Conversation between Oskar Fischer and Vyacheslav Kochemassov, September 7, 1989 DocumentNo. 81: 518 Letter from Gerd Vehres to Oskar Fischer, September 10, 1989 Document No. 82: 521 Record of Conversation between Evgeny Primakov and Margaret Thatcher, September 18, 1989
8 Document No. 83: 522 CIA Intelligence Assessment, "Gorbachev's Domestic Gambles and Instability in the USSR," September 1989 Document No. 84: 525 National Security Directive (NSD) 23, "United States Relations with the Soviet Union," September 22, 1989 Document No. 85: 530 Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Margaret Thatcher, September 23, 1989 Document No. 86: 533 Protocol No. 166 of CC CPSU Politburo Session, September 28, 1989 Document No. 87: 542 Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev regarding Mikhail Gorbachev's Visit to the GDR, October 5, 1989 Document No. 88: 544 Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Members of the CC SED Politburo, October 7, 1989 Document No. 89: 547 Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev regarding German Reunification, October 9, 1989 DocumentNo. 90: 548 Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev regarding Erich Honecker, October 11, 1989 Document No. 91: 550 Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session, Discussion of Mikhail Gorbachev's Talk with Mieczyslaw Rakowski, October 12, 1989 Document No. 92: 551 Record of Conversation between Vadim Medvedev and Kurt Hager, October 13, 1989 Document No. 93: 555 Memorandum from Georgy Shakhnazarov to Mikhail Gorbachev regarding Military Detente in Europe, October 14, 1989 Document No. 94: 558 Record of Telephone Conversation between George H.W. Bush and Helmut Kohl, October 23, 1989 Document No. 95: 561 Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Mauno Koivisto, October 25, 1989 Document No. 96: 563 Record of Conversation between Aleksandr Yakovlev and Zbigniew Brzezinski, October 31, 1989 XI
9 Document No. 97: 569 Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Egon Krenz, November 1, 1989 Document No. 98: 574 Cable from U.S. Embassy in Sofia to State Department, "The Nov 10 CC Party Plenum: Little Prospect for Major Changes," November 9, 1989 Document No. 99: 577 Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session, November 9, 1989 Document No. 100: 580 Record of Conversation between Helmut Kohl and Lech Walesa, November 9, 1989 DocumentNo. 101: 586 Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev regarding the Fall of the Berlin Wall, November 10, 1989 Document No. 102: 587 Record of Telephone Conversation between George H.W. Bush and Helmut Kohl, November 10, 1989 Document No. 103: 590 Record of Telephone Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Helmut Kohl, November 11, 1989 Document No. 104: 593 Record of Telephone Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Francois Mitterrand, November 14, 1989 Document No. 105: 595 Record of Telephone Conversation between George H.W. Bush and Helmut Kohl, November 17, 1989 Document No. 106: 598 Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Brian Mulroney, November 21, 1989 DocumentNo. 107: 602 Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Tadeusz Mazowiecki, November 24, 1989 DocumentNo. 108: 608 Speech by Ladislav Adamec at CC CPCz Extraordinary Session, November 24, 1989 Document No. 109: 611 Letter from Helmut Kohl to George H.W. Bush, November 28, 1989 DocumentNo. 110: 619 Soviet Transcript of the Malta Summit, December 2-3, 1989 Document No. Ill: 647 Memorandum of Conversation of George H.W. Bush, John Sununu, Brent Scowcroft, and Helmut Kohl, December 3, 1989 xii
10 DocumentNo. 112: 651 Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Petar Mladenov, December 5, 1989 DocumentNo. 113: 653 Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Hans Dietrich Genscher, December 5, 1989 Document No. 114: 657 Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Francois Mitterrand, December 6, 1989 Document No. 115: 660 Cable from James Baker to U.S. Embassy Sofia, December 19, 1989 Document No. 116: 661 Four Soviet Foreign Ministry Documents regarding the Situation in Romania, December 20-25, 1989 DocumentNo. 117: 668 Memorandum from the CC CPSU International Department, "Towards a New Concept of Relations between the USSR and the States of Central and Eastern Europe," January 5, 1990 DocumentNo. 118: 673 Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev regarding German Reunification, January 28, 1990 Document No. 119: 675 Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and James Baker, February 9, 1990 Document No. 120: 685 Letter from James Baker to Helmut Kohl, February 10, 1990 DocumentNo. 121: 688 National Intelligence Estimate 12-90: The Future of Eastern Europe (Key Judgments Only), April 1990 Document No. 122: 691 Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Wojciech Jaruzelski, April 13, 1990 Main Actors 701 Selected Bibliography 707 Index 713 xin
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