9. NHRC Toothless Tiger 10. ISRO S plans to privatize the PSLV by Compulsory registration of marriages 19. Maternity Benefit Act of 1961

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "9. NHRC Toothless Tiger 10. ISRO S plans to privatize the PSLV by Compulsory registration of marriages 19. Maternity Benefit Act of 1961"

Aron Baldwin
5 years ago
Views:

1 Mains Made Easy

2 Topics 1. Internet of things 2. Contemporary Technologies 3. Police System/Reforms 4. Healthcare Challenges 5. India s Healthcare Industry 6. Pharmaceutical Industry 7. Swachh Bharat Mission 8. Sanitation

3 9. NHRC Toothless Tiger 10. ISRO S plans to privatize the PSLV by Compulsory registration of marriages 19. Maternity Benefit Act of 1961 (Amendment) Women Entrepreneurship Platform 21. Udyam Sakhi Portal 22. Beti Bachao Beti Padhao 23. #YesIBleed Campaign 24. SUVIDHA 25. International Women s Day

4 Internet of Things: Next wave of future It is the network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances and other items Linked with electronics, software, sensors, etc It enables these things to connect and exchange data, More direct integration of the physical world into computer-based systems Efficiency improvements, economic benefits and reduced human effort

5 UPSC Prelims 2018 Question When the alarm of your smartphone rings in the morning, you wake up and tap it to stop the alarm which causes your geyser to be switched on automatically. The smart mirror in your bathroom shows the day s weather and also indicates the level of water in your overhead tank. After you take some groceries from your refrigerator for making breakfast, it recognises the shortage of stock in it and places an order for the supply of fresh grocery items. When You step out of your house and lock the door, all lights, fans, geysers and AC machines get switched off automatically. On your way to office, your car warns you about traffic congestion ahead and suggests an alternative route, and if you are late for a meeting, it sends a message to your office accordingly.

6 Applications Agriculture Farmers life comfortable; PMFBY Manufacturing Make in India; Skill India => Smart manufacturing Governance E-gov; distribution of benefits; Law and order - signal jump; theft prevention Energy Smart grids; meters; building; efficiency; Environment Pollution monitoring; Man- wildlife conflicts Fourth IR

7 Dangers Inequality Privacy Issues Lifestyle disease Unemployment Human relations

8 Related Technologies Artificial Intelligence computer or machine learn Virtual Reality Realistic experience Eg Science Experiment Augmented Reality Enhanced version Big Data 3Vs = Volume, Velocity, Variety

9 Applications Education Learning ability; understanding students Business Repetitive tasks Legal sector - Criminal tracking; maintain law and order Disaster Management

10 Police System/Reforms Importance SMART Police Issues Misuse of power Common person s attitude Infrastructure Quality Political interference

11 Healthcare Challenges India expenditure vs required % 2.5% How much of public spending should be on primary care? Examples lack of Infra Odisha; stories of hospitals full of rats, death of hundreds of children in Gorkhapur hospitals Tapping resources from Corporate social responsibility, civil society organisations like Bill and Melinda gates foundations etc. is important According to CDC estimates, there is a $10 return on investment for every $1 spent on childhood vaccinations high out of pocket payments are a major trigger for pushing people into poverty

12 WB-WDR 1993 Investing in Health recommendation Fostering an environment that enables households to improve health: Improving government spending on health: Promoting diversity and competition:

13 India s Healthcare Industry What is Health care industry? Recent Trends Private healthcare providers increasing or decreasing? Ownership Low cost models Single-specialty segments Corporate model for primary healthcare Health insurance for low income groups

14 Pharmaceutical Industry Global hub cheap and generic medicines Compulsory Licensing Orphan drug and Neglected Tropical diseases Active pharmaceutical Ingredients

15 Swachh Bharat Mission to clean the streets, roads and infrastructure SBM(G)-to reduce or eliminate OD through the construction of individual, cluster and community toilets; Making India ODF by 2 October th MG Swachh Vidyalaya Abhiyan Rashtriya Swachhata Kosh Nadia district from WB

16 Issues Many of the toilets claimed may not actually exist on the ground; non-use Need a good Coordination; Rural MDWS; Urban MoUD; School MHRD. investing in the right place at the right time and in the most appropriate manner WB study- estimated that India lost the equivalent of 6.4 per cent of GDP due to inadequate sanitation - premature mortality and health-related costs

17 Sanitation Sewerage vs open water drainage Only a little more than a third of its urban households to sewerage systems - are not only expensive but are also complicated to maintain SPARC and WaterAid India Community The Infosys sponsored model - cross subsidise Oslo (Norway) - automatic underground waste disposal system

18 NHRC Statutory protection and promotion of human rights - rights relating to life, liberty, equality and dignity of the individual Toothless Tiger authorities which do not implement its orders Act does not extend to Jk No specific mention- violations through private parties 3/5 must be former judges- proven record? 2/5 persons having knowledge and experience

19 if the complaint was made more than one year after the incident Violations by the armed forces So what? Now NHRC decision to govt..reminder,,,hc allowing NHRC to independently investigate complaints against the military and security forces Members- human rights activists; on-the-ground experience Human rights education

20 ISRO S plans to privatize the PSLV by to meet the increased national requirements and possible commercial demand for launch services + approach of building up and nurturing the industrial capabilities in the country +ISRO can focus on more cutting-edge missions + NASA or ESA or JAXA do not engage in commercial manufacture - may hamper the trust and credibility of national institute So require well defined laws, rules, procedures, norms; require very careful attention

21 Compulsory registration of marriages Suggestion by The Law Commission of India 47% of marriages..less than 18; 60%+ Bihar and Raj Patriarchy..bigamy secretly => rights violation..domestic and sexual violence Good - BBBP, SABALA, Sukanya samruddhi etc

22 Maternity Benefit Act of 1961 (Amendment) it extends the period of maternity benefit from 12 weeks to 26 weeks (ILO s minimum standard of 14 w) women who legally adopt a child below the age of three months or a commissioning mother (vs Surrogate mother) will be entitled to maternity benefit for 12 weeks it requires establishments having 50 or more employees to have a crèche facility every establishment to intimate a woman at the time of her appointment of the maternity benefits available to her. Such communication must be in writing and electronically

23 Will it increasing gender diversity vs financial burden on the employer => risking decline in hiring of women workforce?? How about = giving tax benefits to companies to implement and incentivize them than making it mandatory

24 Women Entrepreneurship Platform NITI Aayog avenues of growth and opportunity for women entrepreneurs empowerment of women - improved social outcomes

25 Udyam Sakhi Portal By Ministry of MSME women entrepreneurs of India second largest employment generation; 80% jobs in industry; Annual Turnover Micro - <= 5 Cr Small 5 Cr to 75 Cr Medium 75 Cr to 250 Cr

Beti Bachao Beti Padhao 2015- Expanded all districts in India; 2011 640 gender

26 Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Expanded all districts in India; gender equality (SR) - educating girls It is a tri-ministerial effort of M of WCD; H & FW; HRD

27 #YesIBleed Campaign Facebook and youtube => Govt Period poverty => menstrual hygiene; only close to 12% of women Resources or awareness; impure; curse; Infections and cervical cancer; poor attendance; school drop out

28 SUVIDHA 100% biodegradable Sanitary Napkin Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP) Cost 2.50 per pad; 3k+ Janaushadhi Kendras

International Women s Day 1917 Soviet Russia; 1975 UN UN Day for Women's Rights and International Peace 2018 - Time

29 International Women s Day 1917 Soviet Russia; 1975 UN UN Day for Women's Rights and International Peace Time is Now: Rural and urban activists transforming women s lives Campaign #Press for Progress 2017 WEF report..100 years

SANITATION AS BASICS TO THE RIGHT TO LIFE

Open Access Journal available at www.ijldai.thelawbrigade.com 71 SANITATION AS BASICS TO THE RIGHT TO LIFE Written by Dheerendra Kumar Baisla LLM Student, Galgotias University (School of Law) ABSTRACT