Using Lessons from Earthquakes in Haiti and Chile to Reduce Global Risk
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1 Richard S. Olson Professor and Chair, Department of Politics and International Relations, and Project Director, Disaster Risk Reduction in the Americas Florida International University Miami, Florida
2 An Uncomfortable but Necessary 21 st Century Task: Comparative Lesson Drawing (Haiti, Chile, and New Zealand)
3 Tornadoes always find trailer parks The reality underlying the humor: Hazard x Vulnerability = Risk The H just is, but the V -- and thus the R -- are on us That is, we create our own risks The
4 It s on us What we build, where we build, and how we build are political-economic decisions and non-decisions
5 The Global Context for Risk: World Population in 1900: 2 billion±, majority rural in 2010: 7 billion±, majority urban How life safe do you believe those 7 billion people are right now, every day and every night?
6 Haiti, January 12, magnitude 7.0, depth 8.1 miles. Principal Impact Zone: Port-au-Prince, 15 miles from epicenter, 240,000+ killed, >8.0% Chile, February 27, magnitude 8.8, depth 21.7 miles Principal Impact Zone: Concepción, 65 miles from epicenter, ± 560 killed/missing, <0.2% (earthquake and tsunami). New Zealand, (1) September 3, magnitude 7.0, depth 3.1 miles, Principal Impact Zone: Christchurch, 30 miles from epicenter, zero killed; (2) February 22, 2011, magnitude 6.3, depth 2.5 miles, Principal Impact Zone: Christchurch, 3 miles from epicenter, ±250 killed, <.07%. What The Is Going On Here?
7 The UN s Human Development Index (HDI) Haiti 149/182, Chile 44, New Zealand 20 (low number is good) FH s Failed State Index (FSI) Governance Haiti 12/177, Chile 155, New Zealand 171 (low number, not so good) TI s Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) Haiti 149/180, Chile 25, New Zealand 1 (low number is good)
8 Ranks on the UN s Human Development Index (HDI) 2009 #1 #20 #44 #149 #182 (Norway) NZ Chile Haiti (Niger) Ranks on the Freedom House Failed State [Governance] Index (FSI) 2009 #177 #171 #155 #12 #1 (Norway) NZ Chile Haiti (Somalia) Ranks on Transparency International s Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) 2009 #1 #25 #149 #180 NZ Chile Haiti (Somalia)
9 Using Lessons from Earthquakes in Haiti and Chile (and New Zealand) to The Political Economy of Risk Reduction: Let s Stop Dancing Development matters: auto compliance Governance matters: enforced compliance Corruption matters: limited exceptions
10 Using Lessons from Earthquakes in Haiti and Chile (and New Zealand) to The Goal of Risk Reduction: Catastrophe Disaster Emergency Risk-Aware Land Use and Design and Construction Standards/ Practices + Compliance (Not Just Paper) No more of Stuff just goes up
11 Using Lessons from Earthquakes in Haiti and Chile (and New Zealand) to Eyes Wide Open, However, to Issues of: Sovereignty Political Accountability Governance Capabilities Thank you!
12 Well, now that you asked. Cities to worry about: Lima-Callao, Peru; Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic; Caracas, Venezuela; Kingston, Jamaica; Istanbul, Turkey; Tehran, Iran
13 Killed: no more than 1% of PIZ population? Injured: no more than 3% of PIZ population? Homeless: no more than 5% of PIZ families? Critical Facilities: no more than 5% inoperable in PIZ after 24 hours? Infrastructure: no more than 5% inoperable in PIZ after Day 7? Are we ready to bite this bullet, publicly?
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